• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.117-120
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• 2010

A 5-years-old 3.7 kg intact female Pomeranian dog was presented with the history of swelling and pain in the distal part of the right forelimb. The swollen lesion was firm as bony material on palpation. On radiographic examination, there was a well-marginated, radiolucent, and expansile bone lesion in the distal metaphysis of the right ulna. Because of very narrow zone of transition, well-defined margins and absence of any periosteal reactivity, benign bone cyst was strongly suspected. The lesion was removed by en bloc resection and packed the space with $Gelfoam^{(R)}$ and aneurysmal bone cyst was finally diagnosed according to histopathological examination. Normal gait was showed on postoperative day 9 and there have been no pain and complication for 1 year since then.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.360-362
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• 2020

A 12-year-old intact female Pomeranian dog was presented with vulvar discharge, lethargy, polyuria, and polydipsia. A complete blood count revealed leukocytosis and anemia. The serum biochemical analyses showed elevated serum alkaline phosphatase activity and blood urea nitrogen. Survey abdominal radiography revealed an enlarged left kidney. Abdominal ultrasonography identified multiple rounded hypoechoic subcapsular lesions in the left kidney. The bilateral uterine horn was enlarged, and contained echogenic fluid. Percutaneous ultrasonographic-guided aspiration of the renal subcapsular lesions was performed on the left kidney. Cytological examination revealed bacterial cocci, degenerated neutrophils, and suppurative inflammation. Bacterial culture produced growth of Escherchia coli. Left nephrectomy and ovariohysterectomy were performed. Dilated uterine fluid was also evaluated for bacterial culture, and showed growth of E. coli. Urine was examined by bacterial culture, and showed negative results. The treatment consisted of antibiotic therapy according to the antibiotic sensitivity test. Based on these findings, the diagnosis was renal subcapsular abscess associated with pyometra. This study suggests that pyometra should be considered as the cause of renal abscess.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.64.1-64.7
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• 2024

Importance: This is the first reported case of fragrance products-induced recurrent oxidative hemolytic anemia in a dog, detailing the successful therapeutic approach employed. Case Presentation: A 4-year-old intact female Pomeranian dog presented with brown tongue, pigmenturia, peripheral edema, and vomiting. Blood smears revealed a high count of eccentrocytes and Heinz bodies, along with a precipitous decline in packed cell volume and an increase in blood methemoglobin levels, suggesting an oxidative hemolytic crisis. This clinicopathological pattern recurred several times after the patient returned home. Antioxidants, methylene blue, hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy, and blood transfusion were successfully employed to address recurrent hemolytic anemia; however, oxidative hemolytic crises recurred. After the owner removed exposure to various home remedies and fragrances, the clinical signs and hemolytic crises did not recur. Conclusions and Relevance: Recurring oxidative hemolytic crises should raise suspicions of environmental toxicity, which, although harmless in small quantities to humans, can be devastating to small-breed dogs. In addition to removing the causative agents, methylene blue and other antioxidants, along with HBO, may be beneficial in the acute management of oxidative hemolytic anemia.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.511-513
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• 2015

A 12-year-old spayed Pomeranian was presented with a purulent, erythematous mass. The dog also suffered from concurrent hyperadrenocorticism and diabetes mellitus. Sporothrix schenckii was isolated through the fungal culture of the mass. Surgical ablation of the mass was performed for the removal of continuous inflammation and fungal infection of deep origin. After histological examination of the mass, severe multifocal pyogranulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis were diagnosed. This is the first confirmed case of pyogranulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis due to Sporothrix schenckii infection in a dog with concurrent hyperadrenocorticism and diabetes mellitus. In addition this is the first case report of sporotrichosis in South Korea.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.506-508
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• 2012

A 5-year-old, intact female, Pomeranian was presented with a persistent vomiting for 5 days after swallowing a chicken bone. The dog was diagnosed with an esophageal foreign body, and a small perforation was found after the endoscopic removal of the chicken bone. The dog was determined to be treated with a non-operative management, and a complete closure of the perforation was confirmed by a flexible endoscopy 3 weeks after removal of a chicken bone. This paper reports the case of esophageal perforation caused by foreign body in esophagus managed with the non-operative therapy instead of surgical correction.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.507-510
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• 2014

An 8 month-old female Pomeranian dog was presented with major complaints of heart murmur and cardiomegaly. Diagnostic study found the left-to-right patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with moderate heart failure (ISACHC II). The PDA occlusion was successfully accomplished using a $5mm{\times}3loops$ embolic coil through right femoral artery. Two months later, the dog came back to clinic with marked hypotension, severe diarrhea and pleural effusion. Diagnostic study found severe pulmonary hypertension and tricuspid regurgitation. The clinical condition was controlled by the administration of sildenafil (3 mg/kg, PO, TID). However, the dog was expired by dislodged embolic coil and inconsistent medication by the owner. Postmortem study found the pulmonary hypertension was occurred by the abnormally dislodged embolic coil. Although the embolic coil is widely used for PDA occlusion in toy dogs with PDA, the more careful evaluation for the size and shape of PDA is necessary to minimize the risk of dislodgement of pre-placed coil.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.366-370
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• 2013

A 7-month-old Pomeranian presented with non-weight bearing lameness on the right pelvic limb. Physical examination revealed pain on extension of the right hip joint, and serum chemistry results showed an increased concentration of creatine kinase. Radiographic findings at admission included a weak radiolucent line on the right femoral head and widening of the right hip joint space, and mild displacement of the right capital femoral epiphysis was additionally identified on day 14. Computed tomography (CT) showed a decreased Hounsfield Unit measurement and a fracture line on the right femoral head. Early stage Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) was diagnosed and femoral head and neck ostectomy was performed on the right femur. A fracture fissure and osteophytes at the epiphyseal plate of the femoral head were identified surgically. Necrosis in the femoral metaphysis and epiphysis was observed histologically. This case report describes the radiography, CT images, and surgical and histological findings in a dog with early stage LCPD.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.162-167
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• 2022

To determine the prevalence of breed, age, and sex of canine primary glaucoma by comparing previous reports in Korea. We included the medical records of dogs diagnosed with primary glaucoma who visited the veterinary medical teaching hospital of Seoul National University (SNU) from January 2011 to December 2020 and investigated their breed, age, and sex. All the patients underwent a full ophthalmic examination. We analyzed the results using a binary logistic regression analysis based on the Jindo dog, which was close to the mean value of the primary glaucoma incidence rate. Of the 14,587 dogs treated at the veterinary medical teaching hospital of SNU, 107 (0.73%) were diagnosed with primary glaucoma. Glaucoma occurred in 14 breeds, including the American Cocker Spaniel, Shih Tzu, Maltese, Pomeranian, Jindo dog, Mixed Breed, Pekinese, Toy Poodle, Samoyed, Shiba Inu, Miniature Pinscher, Boston Terrier, Labrador retriever, and Yorkshire Terrier. The mean age of onset of primary glaucoma was 7.8 ± 2.3 years. Primary glaucoma was observed in 53 spayed females, 11 females, 38 castrated males, and five males. Regardless of neutralization, the ratio of females to males was 1.5:1. This study showed that primary glaucoma was significantly higher in American Cocker Spaniels and higher in Shih Tzus than other breeds in Korea; they had the highest incidence of primary glaucoma at 7 and 8 years of age, respectively. Therefore, the two breeds should be carefully monitored for the occurrence of primary glaucoma when they approach 7 years of age.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2018

Recently, demographic studies of veterinary medical database have been conducted to understand patterns of disease occurrence. Understanding incidence of breed-related disease would provide appropriate guidance for future health care strategies and offer useful information for early diagnosis of disease. However, in veterinary medicine, theses research has not yet been investigated in the Republic of Korea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of common medical disorders among dog breeds examined at primary-care veterinary clinics in Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea. The data were analyzed based on World Health Organization's International Classification of Disease. A total 13,176 medical records of canine patients were analyzed from six primary veterinary clinics in Jeollabuk-Do from January to December 2016. Results showed that the most common health problems were 'disease of skin' (17.7%); followed by 'diseases of digestive system' (12.26%), 'preventive medicine' (10.08%), and 'diseases of ear and mastoid process' (10.4%). In seven out of ten breeds, the most common medical disorder was skin disease. For poodle such as Pomeranian and Chihuahua, digestive system disease was most prevalent. On the other hand, respiratory system disease was found to be higher in Pomeranian than other breeds; while ear and mastoid process disease was most common for Maltese and Poodle. This study can help owners, breeders, and veterinarians prevent and manage various diseases of popular breeds in Jeollabuk-Do in the future.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.125-129
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• 2010

A 2-year-old female Pomeranian dog was referred with multiple pelvic fractures. The surgical correction was performed for the fractures. However, after the surgery, purulent exudation was occurred in the surgical site. Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that the isolated bacteria are resistant to penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, quinolones, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Bacterial identification and extended-spectrum $\beta$-lactamase (ESBL) confirming test indicated that the isolated bacteriae is ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and maximum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests revealed that meropenem, one of carbapenems, is the only effective antibiotic. The patient was treated with meropenem for 5 days. After 10 days, the exudation was disappeared and the infection was cured. The molecular typing of the ESBL revealed that TEM-1 ESBL is present in the bacteria isolated from the patient. The bacteria isolated from the owner's palm also revealed that TEM-1 and SHV-1 ESBLs are present.