• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2006

The differential effects of various fatty acids such as n-3 and n-6 types or degrees of unsaturation on the CYP2E1 induction and the production of lipid peroxidation (LPO) were investigated. The CYP2E1-transduced human hepatoma HepG2 cells (E47) were cultured in RPMI 1640 media containing different concentrations of various fatty acids up to 48 h incubation compared to 04 cells and CYP2E1-null cells. Treated fatty acids were linoleic acid (LA:n-6, C18:2), arachidonic acid (AA:n-6, C20:4) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA:n-3, C22:6). The cell survival rate was decreased corresponding to the degree of unsaturation (LA>AA $\cong$DHA) and to LPO production in E47 and 04 cells. The four or five unsaturation degree of fatty acids, AA and DHA, caused time- and dose-dependent cell death in E47 cells but not as much as in C34 (without CYP2E1), suggesting an important role of CYP2E1 in the DHA mediated damage. In the levels of lipid peroxides (LPO), AA also elevated LPO by 3- and 5- fold compared to DHA or LA treated E47 cells. However, AA did not increase LPO until 48 h incubation in C34 cells. In conclusion, the polyunsaturated fatty acids induced CYP2E1 induction might be changed by the elevated levels of lipid peroxide (LPO) and oxidative stress through the connection of CYP2E1 and degrees of unsaturated fatty acids.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.790-804
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• 2024

This study compared the physicochemical properties of edible insect oils from silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupa (SP), sago palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) larva (PW), and bamboo caterpillar (Omphisa fuscidentalis; BC) to oils from chicken skin (CK), beef back fat (BF), pork back fat (PF), salmon belly (SB), sea bass belly (BB), coconut (C), and peanut (P). The fatty acid profiles and thermal behaviors (crystallization and melting) of the extracted oils were evaluated. PW and BC oils had more saturated fatty acids (SFAs) than CK, PF, SB, BB, and P oils. SP oil had equivalent SFA content to CK and BB oils. Insect oils exhibited similar monounsaturated fatty acid concentrations in all samples, except C oils. PW and BC oils exhibited a higher content of palmitoleic acid than the other oils. SP oils contained polyunsaturated fatty acids similar to those in SB and BB oils, which were higher than those in PW, BC, CK, BF, and PF oils. SP oil also exhibited the highest concentration of α-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3). Arachidonic acid (0.01-0.02 g/100 g) in all insect oils was lower level compared to CK, BF, PF, SB, and BB oils. SP oil (0.03 g/100 g) exhibited a slightly higher level of eicosapentaenoic acid compared to PW (0.01 g/100 g) and BC (0.01 g/100 g) oils. The insect oils were liquid at ambient temperature, solid below -15℃, and required less energy (∆H_m-max) for melting than other samples. This study indicated that insects, particularly SP, could serve as an alternative source of fat to meet its growing demand.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.802-810
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• 2018

This study estimated the effect of drone pupa meal (DPM) added as replacement of sodium nitrite (SN) and vitamin C (VC) on physico-chemical quality characteristics of emulsion-type sausages. Samples were prepared either with 150 ppm SN+200 ppm VC (control); 75 ppm SN+100 ppm VC+6.015% DPM (T1); or 12.03% DPM (T2) and then stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. The pH value decreased (p<0.05) with increase in the levels of DPM. Moisture and protein content decreased (p<0.05) but fat and ash content increased (p<0.05) with higher levels of DPM. T1 and T2 had higher (p<0.05) saturated fatty acids content and lower (p<0.05) unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids content compared to the control. Lower (p<0.05) $L^*$ and $a^*$ values and higher (p<0.05) $b^*$ and $h^{\circ}$ values were exhibited in the T1 and T2 than in the control; and $C^*$ value was the lowest (p<0.05) in T2. The TBARS content was the highest (p<0.05) in T2, especially, 2 times higher (p<0.05) than in the control. T1 and T2 had harder (p<0.05) texture compared to the control. These findings suggest that the DPM has no replacement effects against SN and VC in emulsion-type sausage, but it has negative effects on color, lipid oxidation stability, and texture.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.1030-1035
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• 2002

MRPs에 의한 생선의 저장 안정성을 확인하기 위하여 고도불포화지방산의 함량이 높은 고등어를 대조군, 소금구이군, 간장구이군으로 나누어 조리한 뒤 냉장온도에서 12일간 저장하면서 과산화물가, conjugated diene 함량, malonaldehyde 함량 및 지방산 조성의 변화를 측정하였다. 생고등어의 과산화물가는 $7.20{\pm}1.10\;meq/kg\;lipid$였으며 조리 직후 소금구이 군에서 과산화물의 함량이 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 높았고 저장 기간동안에도 대조군과 유사하게 과산화물의 함량이 급격히 증가하였다. 이에 반해 간장구이군의 경우 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 과산화물가가 낮아 항산화효과가 인정되었다. Conjugated diene함량은 대조군의 경우 저장 12일 동안 거의 변화 없이 매우 안정하였고 소금구이군의 경우 저장동안 CDA가 증가하였으나 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 간장구이군의 경우 저장 3일, 9일째에는 대조군 및 소금구이군에 비해 유의적으로 conjugated diene 함량이 낮아졌다. 생고등어의 malonaldehyde 함량은 조리과정동안 2배 이상 증가하였으며 조리방법에 따른 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 저장 기간에 따른 malonaldehyde 함량은 대조군과 간장구이군의 경우 저장동안 큰 변화가 나타나지 않았으며 유의적인 차이도 없었다. 그러나 소금구이군의 경우 저장기간 동안 TBARs 값이 증가하였고 저장 9일과 12일째에는 대조군 및 간장구이군과 비교하였을 때 유의적으로 산화가 진행되었다. 고등어를 조리한 뒤 세 군 모두에서 지방산 조성의 변화가 일어났으며 대조군의 경우 SFA, MUFA, PUFA가 37.54%, 29.55%, 32.9%로 단일불포화지방산이 파괴되었으나 저장 10일동안 지방산 조성 변화는 크지 않았다. 소금구이군의 경우 PUFA의 함량은 27.45%로 생고등어와 비교하여 감소하였고 SFA는 41.69%로 증가하였다. 저장 10일째에는 PUFA/SFA가 0.57으로 급격하게 감소되었고 n-3계 지방산의 함량도 20.63%로 초기의 25.53%와 비교해 상당량 분해되었음을 나타내었다. 간장구이군의 경우 저장기간에 따른 PUPA의 감소가 나타나지 않았으며 특히 저장 10일째 PUFA 함량이 실험군 중 가장 높았고 PUFA/SFA의 비율도 높았으며 n-3/n-6 비율도 가장 높아 간장이 고등어 지방의 산화를 효과적으로 막았음을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로, 조리방법에 따른 고등어 저장성에 있어서 소금구이는 산화를 촉진시키는 것에 반해 간장구이는 산화를 억제하는 결과를 나타내어 우수한 조리방법으로 여겨진다.