• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2003

The preparation of $Al_{2}O_{3}-SiO_{2}$ thin films from less than one micron to several tens of microns in thickness had been prepared from metal alkoxide sols. Two methods, dip-withdrawal and electrophoretic deposition, were employed for thin films and sheets formation. The requirements to be satisfied by the solution for preparing uniform and strong films and by the factors affecting thickness and other properties of the films were examined. For the preparation of thin, continuous $Al_{2}O_{3}-SiO_{2}$ films, therefore, metal-organic-derived precursor solutions contained Si and Al in a chemically polymerized form has been developed and produced in a clear liquid state. In the process of applying to substrates, this liquid left a transparent, continuous film that could be converted to crystalline $Al_{2}O_{3}-SiO_{2}$ upon heating to $1000^{\circ}C$. And, a significant change of the film density took place in the crystallization process, thus leading to the strict requirements as to the film thickness, which could survive crystallization.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1997년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집; 한국전력공사 서울연수원; 17-18 Oct. 1997
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• pp.317-320
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• 1997

In the water purification plant, chemicals are injected for quick purification of raw water. It is clear that the amount of chemicals intrinsically depends on the water quality such as turbidity, temperature, pH and alkalinity etc. However, the process of chemical reaction to improve water quality by the chemicals is not yet fully clarified nor quantified. The feedback signal in the process of coagulant dosage, which should be measured (through the sensor of the plant) to compute the appropriate amount of chemicals, is also not available. Most traditional methods focus on judging the conditions of purifying reaction and determine the amounts of chemicals through manual operation of field experts or jar-test results. This paper presents the method of deriving the optimum dosing rate of coagulant, PAC(Polymerized Aluminium Chloride) for coagulant dosing process in water purification system. A neural network model is developed for coagulant dosing and purifying process. The optimum coagulant dosing rate can be derived the neural network model. Conventionally, four input variables (turbidity, temperature, pH, alkalinity of raw water) are known to be related to the process, while considering the relationships to the reaction of coagulation and flocculation. Also, the turbidity in flocculator is regarded as a new input variable. And the genetic algorithm is utilized to identify the neural network structure. The ability of the proposed scheme validated through the field test is proved to be of considerable practical value.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.402-408
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• 2017

PURPOSE. The goal of this study was to compare the adhesion of Candida albicans to the surfaces of CAD/CAM and conventionally fabricated complete denture bases. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twenty discs of acrylic resin poly (methyl methacrylate) were fabricated with CAD/CAM and conventional procedures (heat-polymerized acrylic resin). The specimens were divided into two groups: 10 discs were fabricated using the CAD/CAM procedure (Wieland Digital Denture Ivoclar Vivadent), and 10 discs were fabricated using a conventional flasking and pressure-pack technique. Candida colonization was performed on all the specimens using four Candida albicans isolates. The difference in Candida albicans adhesion on the discs was evaluated. The number of adherent yeast cells was calculated by the colony-forming units (CFU) and by Fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS. There was a significant difference in the adhesion of Candida albicans to the complete denture bases created with CAD/CAM and the adhesion to those created with the conventional procedure. The CAD/CAM denture bases exhibited less adhesion of Candida albicans than did the denture bases created with the conventional procedure (P<.05). CONCLUSION. The CAD/CAM procedure for fabricating complete dentures showed promising potential for reducing the adherence of Candida to the denture base surface. Clinical Implications. Complete dentures made with the CAD/CAM procedure might decrease the incidence of denture stomatitis compared with conventional dentures.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2003년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.957-962
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• 2003

The preparation of $Al_2$O$_3$-SiO$_2$ thin films from less than one micron to several tens of microns in thickness had been prepared from metal alkoxide sols. Two methods, dip-withdrawal and electrophoretic deposition, were employed for thin films and sheets formation. The requirements to be satisfied by the solution for preparing uniform and strong films and by the factors affecting thickness and other properties of the films were examined. for the preparation of thin, continuous $Al_2$O$_3$-SiO$_2$ films, therefore, metal-organic-derived precursor solutions contained Si and Al in a chemically polymerized form has been developed and produced in a clear liquid state. In the process of applying to substrates, this liquid left a transparent, continuous film that could be converted to crystalline $Al_2$O$_3$-SiO$_2$ upon heating to 100$0^{\circ}C$. And, a significant change of the film density took place in the crystallization process, thus leading to the strict requirements as to the film thickness, which could survive crystallization.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.194-199
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• 2014

PURPOSE. This study evaluated the depth of cure of resin composite cured by light through a translucent fiber post. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The opaque plastic tubes in various lengths of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 mm. were filled with resin composite in which two different translucent fiber posts were inserted into the center and photo-polymerized for 40 seconds. The degree of conversion of the cured composite at bottom surface were examined using Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflection spectrometer (FTIR/ATR) at 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mm apart from the post surface. RESULTS. The degree of conversion of the 0.1 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm apart from the post surface was highest at the 2 mm level and continuously decreased when the distance from the light source was increased and drastically decreased when the depth from the top of the post was greater than 4-6 mm. For each level, the highest degree of conversion was at 0.1 mm from the post surface and decreased continuously when the distance apart from the post surface was increased. CONCLUSION. The quantity of light transmission depends on the type of post and the light transmission capability of the post, especially after 4-6 mm depth and the area further apart from the post surface, are insufficient for clinical light activation of resin composite.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.912-918
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• 2009

An optically active diacid containing the L-histidine moiety was prepared by reacting pyromellitic dianhydride (1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid 1,2,4,5-dianhydride) 1 with L-histidine 2 in acetic acid, and was polymerized with several aromatic diamines 5a-g to obtain a new series of optically active poly(amide-imide)s (PAIs) using two different methods, such as direct polycondensation in a medium consisting of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)/triphenyl phosphite (TPP)/calcium chloride ($CaCl_2$)/pyridine (Py) and direct polycondensation in a tosyl chloride (TsCl)/pyridine (Py)/N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) system as a condensation agent. The resulting new polymers 6a-g with inherent viscosity was obtained in good yield. The polymers were readily soluble in polar organic solvents, such as N,N-dimethyacetamide (DMAc), N,N-dimethyformamide (DMF), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The obtained polymers were characterized by FTIR, specific rotation, elemental analysis as well as $^1$H-NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The thermal stability of the resulting PAIs was evaluated with thermogravimetric analysis techniques under a nitrogen atmosphere.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.48-56
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• 2024

PURPOSE. To evaluate the metameric disparities among monolithic zirconia materials with differing yttrium compositions across various lighting conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Thirty-six square-shaped zirconia samples measuring 10 × 10 × 0.5 mm were prepared from monolithic zirconia materials with three different yttrium contents. A 0.2 mm thick layer of polymerized dual-polymerizable self-adhesive resin cement was created using a silicone mold with the same dimensions as the prepared zirconia specimens. To evaluate metamerism, color measurements were conducted using a spectrophotometer device on a neutral gray background in a color measurement cabinet that offers four different illumination environments. All samples underwent aging by subjecting them to 10000 thermal cycles using a thermal cycle tester. Following thermal aging, color measurements were taken once more, and the data were recorded using the CIE L^*, a^*, b^* color system. Two-way ANOVA and Post-hoc Bonferroni tests were employed to analyze the data. RESULTS. It was observed that there was no statistical difference among the color measurements made in different illumination environments of the monolithic zirconia ceramics used to evaluate metamerism (P > .05). This observation remained consistent both before and after thermal aging. After thermal aging, the color of monolithic zirconia materials exhibited a tendency towards red and yellow hues, accompanied by a decrease in brightness levels. CONCLUSION. It can be stated that different illumination conditions did not affect the metamerism of monolithic zirconia materials, but there was a color change in monolithic zirconia materials after a thermal aging period equivalent to one year.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.477-486
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• 2008

치과 임상에서는 여러 목적으로 Polymethyl methacrylate를 주성분으로 한 아크릴릭 레진이 사용되고 있으며, 특히 가철성 교정장치는 대부분 이것을 사용한다. 그러나 아크릴릭 레진은 중합이 완벽하게 이루어지지 않을 경우 인체에 악영향을 줄 수 있는 미반응 모노머가 레진에 잔존할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 방법(온도, 압력, 수중 혹은 공기 중)으로 중합 조건과 시간을 달리 하여 교정용 아크릴릭 레진에서 발생하는 미반응 모노머의 용리량을 고성능 액체 크로마토그래피를 이용하여 정성 및 정량분석 하고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 모든 군에서 MMA를 제외한 다른 모노머는 용리되지 않았으며, 중합 방법에 따른 모든 실험군에서 미반응 모노머의 용리는 유의하게 감소하였고(P<0.05) 중합 방법을 한 가지만 사용하였을 때보다 2가지 이상 복합적으로 변화시켰을 때 모노머의 용리량이 더 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 시간경과에 따라 모노머의 용리량이 유의하게 감소하여, 특히 1일 후 부터 급격한 감소를 보였다. 이상의 결과를 보아 중합 방법을 달리하였을 때 모노머의 용리량을 더 많이 감소시키고, 다른 중합 조건들도 복합적으로 사용하는 것이 용리량을 더 효과적으로 줄일 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 그리고 중합 과정에서 온도, 수분, 압력의 조건을 강화하여 3일 이상 중합 시간을 가지는 것이 미반응 모노머의 용리량을 최소화할 수 있을 것으로 생각되었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.3011-3015
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• 2009

Structural and thermo-analytical studies were carried out to understand the phase formation kinetics of the single phase $Bi_5Ti_3FeO_{15}$ (BTFO) nanocrystals in $Bi_2O_3-Fe_2O_3-TiO_2$, during the polymerized complex (PC) synthesis method. The crystallization of Aurivillius phase $Bi_5Ti_3FeO_{15}$ layered perovskite was found to be initiated and achieved under the temperature conditions in the range of ${\sim}$800 to 1050$^{\circ}C$. The activation energy for grain growth of $Bi_5Ti_3FeO_{15}$ nanocrystals (NCs) was very low in case of NCs formed by PC (2.61 kJ/mol) than that formed by the solid state reaction (SSR) method (10.9 kJ/mol). The energy involved in the phase transformation of Aurivillius phase $Bi_5Ti_3FeO_{15}$ from $Bi_2O_3-Fe_2O_3-TiO_2$ system was ${\sim}$ 69.8 kJ/mol. The formation kinetics study of $Bi_5Ti_3FeO_{15}$ synthesized by SSR and PC methods would not only render a large impact in the nanocrystalline material development but also in achieving highly efficient visible photocatalysts.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.437-443
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• 2015

목적: 본 연구는 3-chloropyridine-4-carboxylic acid와 3-fluoropyridine-4-carboxylic acid를 첨가제로 사용하여 소프트 콘택트렌즈 제조 후 물리적 및 광학성 특성을 분석하여 콘택트렌즈 재료로서 활용도를 알아보았다. 방법: 본 실험에서는 소프트 하이드로젤 콘택트렌즈의 주재료인 HEMA (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)와 AA(acylic acid), MMA(methacrylic acid) 그리고 개시제인 AIBN(azobisisobutyronitrile), 교차결합제인 EGDMA(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate)를 사용하여 공중합 하였다. 결과: 생성된 고분자의 물리적 특성을 측정한 결과, 굴절률 1.4320~1.4342, 함수율 34.54~37.15%, 접촉각 $57.82{\sim}79.57^{\circ}$, 인장강도 0.2872~0.3608로 각각 나타났고 광학적 특성 측정 결과 가시광선 영역에서는 투과율이 88.8~90.6%로 나타났으며, UV-B 76.8~82.4%, UV-A 84.6~86.6%로 각각 나타났다. 결론: 본 실험 결과 3-chloropyridine-4-carboxylic acid 및 3-fluoropyridine-4-carboxylic acid를 첨가제로 사용하였을 때 고습윤성 및 자외선 차단기능을 가진 콘택트렌즈 재료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.