• 공업화학
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.581-588
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• 2021

In this study, soil slurry bioreactors were used to treat soils containing 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for 35 days. Five different soil samples were taken from manufactured gas plant (MGP) and coal tar disposal sites. Soil properties, such as carbon content and particle distribution, were measured. These properties were significantly correlated with percent biodegradation and degradation rate. The cumulative amount of PAH degraded (P), degradation rate (K_m), and lag phase (𝜆) constants of PAHs in different MGP soils for 16 PAHs were successfully obtained from nonlinear regression analysis using the Gompertz equation, but only those of naphthalene, anthracene, acenaphthene, fluoranthene, chrysene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, and benzo(g,h,i)perylene are presented in this study. A comparison between total non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic PAHs indicated higher maximum amounts of PAH degraded in the former than that in the latter owing to lower partition coefficients and higher water solubilities (S). The degradation rates of total non-carcinogenic compounds for all soils were more than four times higher than those of total carcinogenic compounds. Carcinogenic PAHs have the highest partitioning coefficients (K_oc), resulting in lower bioavailability as the molecular weight (MW) increases. Good linear relationships of K_m, 𝜆, and P with the octanol-water partitioning coefficient (K_ow), MW, and S were used to estimate PAH remaining, lag time, and biodegradation rate for other PAHs.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.455-461
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• 2002

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) are ubiquitous contaminants in coastal marine environment. PAHs enter estuarine and nearshore marine environment via several routes such as combustion of fossil fuels, domestic and industrial effluents and oil spills. In August of 1997, mussels(Mytilus edulis) were collected at 6 sites near Kori nuclear power plant in order to analyze the PAH content by HPLC with uv/vis detection. Unfortunately, I could not find any living oysters in which I firstly intended to measure the PAH content in the study area. NPTHL and ANCPL were the major dominant PAH compounds in mussels living in the intertidal zone of Kori, Korea, and DahA, BbF, BaP were the next dominant PAH group in mussels in the study area. The mean concentrations of 15 PAH in mussels ranged from 3.2 to 1,680 ppb(mean 105$\pm$60.5 ppb). Compared with other studies world over, the concentrations of carcinogenic PAHs were relatively low in mussels in the study area, even though total PAH content was rather high. According to N/P(Naphthalene/Phenanthrene) ratio(147) and the ratio of 2∼3 ring to 3∼5 ring PAHs(58∼90 %) in mussels in the study area, I expect that the major source of PAHs in this study area is rather fresh petroleum-derived. This study presents preliminary data for the PAH levels in mussels from the intertidal zone of Kori, and the data will hopefully be utilized for the assessment of oil pollution in the East Sea, Korea.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.47-58
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• 1999

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous contaminants in coastal marine environment. PAHs enter estuarine and nearshore marine environment via several routes such as combustion of fossil fuels, domestic and industrial effluents and oil spills. In August of 1997, sediment and mussels (Mytilus edulis) were collected at 6 sites near Kori nuclear power plant in order to analyze the PAH content by HPLC with uv/vis detection. The concentrations of 15 PAH in sediment ranged from < 1 to 5,900 ppb ( mean 173.5$\pm$99.7 ppb), and in mussels, from < 0.5 to 4,125 ppb (mean 105$\pm$60.5 ppb). Compared with other studies world over, the concentrations of carcinogenic PAHs were relatively low in both sediment and mussels from the intertidal zone of Kori. This study presents preliminary data for the PAH levels in sediment and mussels from the intertidal zone of Kori, and the data will hopefully be utilized for the assessment of oil pollution in the Southeast East Sea, Korea (especially for the PAHs).

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2019

본 연구는 낙동강 하구 인근의 해양퇴적토에 포함된 PAHs의 농도를 분석하여 퇴적토의 생태학적 위해성을 평가하고자 하였다. 퇴적토의 주성분은 $SiO_2$, $Al_2O_3$, CaO, $Fe_2O_3$였으며, 강열감량은 2.97%에서 8.39%의 분포를 보였다. 총 PAHs의 농도는 $128.4ng\;g^{-1}$에서 $507.4ng\;g^{-1}$의 범위를 가졌으며 2고리와 4고리 형태의 PAHs로 주로 구성이 되어있었다. 8개 지역의 각각의 PAHs의 농도는 모두 ERL 이하로 생태학적 위해성은 낮은 것으로 판단되었다. 지역별 PAHs의 생태학적 위해성 평가는 M-ERM-Q를 사용하여 이루어졌고, 계산 값 모두 0.1 이하로 생태학적 위해성은 낮음으로 분류되었다. 발생원 분석을 통해 각 지역의 PAHs의 발생원은 N-1과 N-7은 풀, 나무, 석탄 등의 연소이며, N-5와 N-6는 석유연소, N-2, N-3, N-4, N-8은 석유오염인 것으로 판단되었다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.164-168
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• 2000

The obhective of this minireview is to examine how cometabolic biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) might be af fected by plant terpenes and lignins as natural substral substrates abundant in mature. The topics covered, hence are environmental sinficance of PCBs and PAHs, nature and disribution of plant terpences and lignin, structural and metabolic similarities of the natural compounds to PCBs and PAHs, and possible roles of the natural substrates in inducing the biodegradative patathways of PCBs and PAHs

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.274-288
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• 2018

Quantitative data of 50 non-polar organic compounds constituting $PM_{2.5}$ were continuously collected and analyzed from June 2016 to October 2017 (approximately 17 months) at Ichihara, one of the largest industrial areas in Japan. Target non-polar organic compounds including 21 species of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 24 species of n-alkanes and 5 species of phthalate esters(PAEs) were simultaneously measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Basically, the average concentrations of the total PAHs, n-alkanes and PAEs in each season remained nearly level, and seasonal variations were little throughout the study period. These results suggest that the emission sources, which are not influenced by the seasons, are the dominant inputs for the target organic compounds. Diagnostic ratios of PAHs, assessment of n-alkane homologue distributions, carbon preference index, and the contribution of wax n-alkanes from plants were used to estimate source apportionments. These results indicate that anthropogenic sources were the main contributor for most PAHs and n-alkanes throughout the study period. The concentrations of PAEs selected in this study were low because emission amounts of these chemicals were little within the source areas of the sampling site. To our knowledge, this study is the first attempt to simultaneously measure a high number of non-polar organic compounds in $PM_{2.5}$ collected from the ambient air of Japan, and the resultant data will provide valuable data and information for environmental researchers.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.441-451
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• 2013

인천연안 8개 지역 갯벌의 72개 지점의 표층퇴적물과 24개 지점의 주상퇴적물 시료를 2011년 봄 가을 2회에 걸쳐 채취하여, 다환방향족탄화수소(PAHs), 석유계총탄화수소(TPHs) 및 벤젠-톨루엔-에틸벤젠-자일렌(BTEX)의 시 공간적 농도분포 특성을 조사하였다. 또한 PAHs 화합물 구성비에 의한 오염발생기원을 평가하였다. 갯벌 전체의 PAHs 평균농도는 $95.62{\mu}g/kg$으로 조사되었고, 계절별 PAHs 농도분포는 가을철이 봄철보다 낮은 특징을 보였다. 주상퇴적물의 PAHs 농도가 표층퇴적물보다 높았으며, 주상퇴적물의 상부가 하부보다 높은 농도분포를 보였다. 전체 갯벌의 TPHs 평균농도는 46 mg/kg으로 조사되었고, TPHs 평균농도 분포 양상은 봄철보다 가을철이 현저하게 높고, 표층퇴적물이 주상퇴적물보다 높게 나타났다. 갯벌 퇴적물내 PAHs의 오염발생 기원을 평가한 결과, 장화리 갯벌의 표층퇴적물과 소래 및 옥련 갯벌의 주상퇴적물의 PAHs 배출원은 연소와 석유류기원으로 조사되었고, 나머지 모든 갯벌은 연소기원으로 나타났다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.118-127
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• 2007

Between June and November 2002, the atmospheric concentrations and dry deposition fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Chonju were measured four times each over five days. The total concentration of PAHs in ambient air was $84\;ng/m^3$, with about 90% existing in the vapor phase. Plots of log ($K_p$) vs. log (${P_L}^0$) indicated that PAHs partitioning was not in equilibrium and the particulate characteristics did not change with seasonal variations. The PAHs fluxes to a water surface sampler (WSS) and a dry deposition plate (DDP) were about 14.15 and $1.92\;{\mu}g/m^2/d$, respectively. The flux of the gaseous phase, acquired by subtracting the DDP from the WSS results, was about $12.23\;{\mu}g/m^2/d$. A considerable correlation was shown between the atmospheric concentrations and deposition fluxes in the gaseous phase, but not in the particulate phase, as the fluxes of the particulate phase were dependent on the physical velocity differences of the particulates based on the particle diameter.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2011

A new high performance liquid chromatograpgy (HPLC) stationary phase that possesses an internal carbonyl functional group is synthesized by heterogeneous "graft from" method. This new stationary phase, poly (vinyl octadecanoate) grafted silica (Sil-2) is then characterized by different physico-chemical methods such as diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform, suspension state $^1H$ NMR, solid state $^{13}C$ CP/MAS NMR, $^{29}Si$ CP/MAS NMR, elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. Chromatographic properties of Sil-2 were evaluated under reversed phase condition by separating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and comparing the chromatographic results with those on polymeric as well as monomeric octadecylated silica stationary phases.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2009

본 연구는 인도산, 중국산, 국내산 참깨를 열풍 건조 후 착유기를 통해 제조한 참기름에서의 PAHs 함량변화와 대형 마트에서 판매되고 있는 참기름에서의 PAHs 함량을 분석하기 위하여 실시하였다. 분석표준물질은 돌연변이원성과 발암성이 있는 것으로 알려진 8가지 PAHs를 선정하여 HPLC/FLD를 이용하여 정성 정량분석을 하였고, 색차계를 이용하여 명도(L), 적색도(a), 황색도(b)를 측정하였다. 분석결과 원산지 별 볶은 후 착유한 참기름에서 PAHs 함량은 볶지 않았을 때보다 유의적으로 증가하였다. 볶지 않은 참기름인 경우 PAHs 함량은 인도산, 중국산, 국내산 순이었다. 인도산 참깨에서 0.95 ${\mu}g$/kg의 PAHs 가 검출되었는데 이는 환경으로부터 PAHs가 생성될 수 있다는 점을 추측할 수 있었다. $250^{\circ}C$에서 25분간 볶은 참기름인 경우 중국산, 국내산, 인도산 순으로 PAHs가 검출되었다. 중국산 참깨에서 PAHs 함량은 3.97 ${\mu}g$/kg으로 볶지 않았을 때보다 약 4배 이상 증가하였다. 중국산 참깨는 다른 원산지 참깨에 비해 볶는 온도와 시간에 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 사료된다. 국내에서 판매되고 있는 참기름 중 PAHs 함량 분석한 결과, PAHs 총 함량은 0.79-2.15 ${\mu}g$/kg으로 검출 되었다. 국내 기준 규격으로 설정되어 있는 Benzo[${\alpha}$]pyrene 함량은 0-0.19 ${\mu}g$/kg으로 기준치인 2 ${\mu}g$/kg 이하로 검출되었다. 이는 제조회사에서 PAHs 저감화를 위해 제조과정을 변화시킨 결과로 추측할 수 있다. 원산지 별 참기름과 시중에 판매되는 참기름과의 색도를 비교해 본 결과 $250^{\circ}C$에서 25분 볶은 후 착유한 인도산, 중국산, 국내산 참기름의 명도(L)는 43.31, 41.15, 41.64이었고, 적색도(a)는 13.11, 13.12, 12.48이었고, 황색도(b)는 15.24, 11.87, 11.95이었다. 이는 시중에 판매되는 4종의 참기름과 유사한 색도를 나타내었다. 또한 참기름의 품질평가는 수율, 색도, 향미성분, 지방산 조성 변화를 통해 이뤄지고 있는데, 연구결과를 종합해보면 원산지 별로 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이에 따라 PAHs 생성량이 적은 국내산과 인도산의 참깨가 참기름원료로 적당하며, PAHs의 생성량이 많은 중국산 참깨에 대한 보다 많은 모니터링 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.