• 분석과학
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2004

현이차 미분 형광 분광광도법을 이용하여 울산만 해양 저질토양중의 PAHs를 n-hexane용매로 추출하여 11종의 PAHs를 동시 정량분석하였다. Acenaphthene (Ace), anthracene (Anth), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), benz(a)anthracene (BaA), benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbFt), benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkFt), chrysene (Chry), perylene (Per), phenanthrene (Phen), pyrene (Pyr) 및 fluoranthrene (Ft) 등을 정량분석 하였다. 이들 성분들의 검정선은 대략 0.15~166 ppb의 농도범위에서 직선관계를 보였으며, 0.999이상의 좋은 직선 상관계수를 보였다. 울산만의 해양 저질 토양 (sediment)에 함유된 11종의 PAHs 총량은 68.8 ng/g ~ 324.4 ng/g의 농도범위로 함유되어 있었다. 또한 PAHs의 총량은 울산만의 안쪽으로 갈수록 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 특히 Pyr과 BaA 등과 같은 4고리화합물의 함량비가 높았다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.72-84
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• 2013

In the study, pollution levels of indoor polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in public facilities (vapor phase or particulate phase) were evaluated, and a health risk assessment (HRA) was carried out based on exposure scenarios. Public facilities in Korea covered by the law, including underground subway stations, funeral halls, child care facilities, internet cafes (PC-rooms), and exhibition facilities (6 locations for each type of facility, for a total of 48 locations), were investigated for indoor assessment. For the HRA, individual excess cancer risk (ECR) was estimated by applying main toxic equivalency factor (TEF) values suggested in previous studies. Among the eight public facilities, internet cafes showed the highest average $PM_{2.5}$ concentration at $110.0{\mu}g/m^3$ (range: $83.5-138.5{\mu}g/m^3$). When assuming a risk of facility exposure time based upon the results of the surveys for each public facility, the excess cancer risk using the benzo(a)pyrene indicator assessment method was estimated to be $10^{-7}-10^{-6}$ levels for each facility. Based on the risk associated with various TEF values, the excess cancer risk based upon the seven types cancer EPA (1993) and Malcolm & Dobson's (1994) assessment method was estimated to be $10^{-7}-10^{-5}$ for each facility. The excess cancer risk estimated from the TEF EPA (2010) assessment was the highest: $10^{-7}-10^{-4}$ for each facility. This is due to the 10-fold difference between the TEF of dibenzo(a,e)fluoranthene in 2010 and in 1994. The internet cafes where smoking was the clear pollutant showed the highest risk level of $10^{-4}$, which exceeded the World Health Organization's recommended risk of $1{\times}10^{-6}$. All facilities, with the exception of internet cafes, showed a $10^{-6}$ risk level. However, when the TEFs values of the US EPA (2010) were applied, the risk of most facilities in this study exceeded $1{\times}10^{-6}$.

• 천문학논총
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.259-260
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• 2012

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Galactic planetary nebulae (PNe) are investigated by means of the unidentified infrared (UIR) bands. Continuous near- to mid-infrared spectra of PNe are obtained with the AKARI/IRC and the Spitzer/IRS. All 19 PNe in the present study show prominent dust emissions and we investigate the variation in the intensity ratios among the UIR bands. The ionization fraction and the size distribution of PAHs in PNe are derived using the UIR band ratios. We find that the ionization fraction of PAHs in PNe is around 0.0-0.6 and that small PAHs are scarce. The present result indicates a systematic trend of the $3.4{\mu}m$ aliphatic feature to become weak as the PAH ionization fraction increases.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1348-1354
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• 2002

We investigate the flame behavior and spatial distribution of OH, PAHs and soot in a confined buoyant diffusion flame with decrease of the coflowing air flow rate. Direct photographs and Schlieren images represent that flame is Ally occupied by blue flame and becomes unstable, which is partially detached to the fuel nozzle tip in a near extinction flame under extremely reduced oxidizer condition. Laser induced fluorescence profiles clearly shows that OH is still generated in near-extinction flame, although intensity becomes weak with decreasing air flow rate. But soot scattering image cannot be seen any more in an oxidizer deficient ambience and simultaneously the PAHs are widely distributed downstream. These results are due to that a decrease of oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber leads to a temperature drop of flame, as a consequence, to a delay in soot growth and to a expanding of the PAHs, as soot precursors.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2023

The potential sources and spatial distribution of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in the leaf plants of Al-Zubair city. A total of 14 samples of conocarpus lancifolius plant leaf were collected and analyzed for their heavy metals and PAHs content using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and a 7890 Agilent capillary gas chromatograph (GC) respectively. Bioaccumulation factor calculation revealed the highest pollution of heavy metals , due to the activity of a petrochemical in the area. The diagnostic ratio of Ant/(Phe+Ant), BaA/BaA+Chr), In/(In+BghiP), Flu/Pyr, FlA/FlA+Pyr), FlA/FlA+Pyr), ∑LMW/∑HMW are commonly used for determining the origin and source of PAHs in various environmental media. The diagnostic ratio indicated the anthropogenic origin. PAHs with five-to-six membered rings were dominant in the plant leaf, which likely results from anthropogenic activities. The leaves of C. lancifolius have a preponderance of high molecular weight PAHs compared to low molecular weight PAHs, indicating a combustion origin (car exhaust, petroleum emissions, and fossil fuel). C. lancifolius leaves are a reliable indication of atmospheric PAHs absorption. The background level of heavy metals in the city (or the near environment) is in the order of Fe > Cu > Ni > Cr. On the other hand, the bioaccumulation in plant leaves showed greater tendencies as follows: Co>Cd>Zn=As>Cu>Mn>Ni>Pb>Cr>Fe. Cobalt showed high bioaccumulation, indicating strong uptake of Co by plant leaves. These findings point to human activity and car emissions as the primary sources of roadside vegetation pollution in Al-Zubair city.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.206-218
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• 2020

부산 남항은 도심 속의 다기능 항만으로 공동어시장, 선박수리소, 연근해 및 원양어선 접안시설 등이 설치되어 산업 활동이 활발하다. 산업 활동으로 인해 발생한 유해화학물질이 해저퇴적물에 지속적으로 유입되어 축적되면 수생생태계와 인간에게 영향을 끼칠 수 있다. 따라서 부산 남항에서 2013년 11월(1차), 2014년 11월(2차)에 8개 정점을 선정하여, 해저퇴적물 중 다환방향족탄화수소류(PAHs), 폴리염화비페닐(PCBs), 부틸계유기주석화합물(BTs)를 분석하여 부산 남항의 농도분포 특성 및 유입원을 밝혀내고자 하였다. 연구 지역에서 PAHs의 평균 농도는 1차, 2차 조사에서 각각 4174.0 ng/g-d.w., 1919.0 ng/g-d.w., PCBs의 평균 농도는 1차, 2차 조사에서 각각 166.3 ng/g-d.w., 21 ng/g-d.w.를 보였으며, BTs의 평균 농도는 1차, 2차 조사에서 각각 50.9 ng/g-d.w., 30.8 ng/g-d.w.를 나타내었다. 유기오염물질의 검출농도는 1차에 비해 2차에서 해저퇴적물 수거로 인해 낮아지는 경향을 보였으며, 본 조사에서 PAHs, PCBs, BTs 유입원은 각각 연소기원, 육상기원, 도시하수 또는 산업폐수에 의한 기원을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2005

다환방향족 탄화수소는 주요한 독성환경오염물질풍의 하나이며 해양퇴적물에 축적이 된다. 다환방향족 탄화수소가 가지고 있는 위해성으로 인해 해양퇴적물내의 다환방향족 탄화수소 제거는 많은 관심사가 되어오고 있다. 본 연구에서는 다환방향족 탄화수소로 오염된 해양퇴적물의 생물정화를 위해 bioslurry reactor를 사용하기 위한 전단계로 ex situ bioremediation을 위한 최적 조건을 찾기 위해 멸균 유무의 퇴적물에서 균주접종과 혼합 cyclodextrin (M-CD)공급의 효과를 알아보았다. 비멸균상태의 퇴적물에서 분해균주의 접종여부에 상관없이 M-CD가 첨가된 실험구의 전자전달계활성이 증가되었고 멸균상태의 퇴적물에서는 분해균주가 접종되고 M-CD가 첨가된 실험구의 전자전달계활성이 증가되었다. 멸균상태의 퇴적물에서 M-CD와 함께 단일 균주가 접종되었을 때 퇴적물내의 다환방향족 탄화수소의 분해율이 9-20%로 나타났으며 동일한 조건에서 혼합균주가 접종되었을 때는 24-37%로 나타났다. 비멸균상태의 퇴적물에서 동일한 조건으로 실험하였을 때는 유의한 분해가 일어나지 않았으며 군집분석 결과 접종 균주도 감소하였다. 또한 M-CD 첨가 없이는 2일후 접종균주를 찾아볼 수 없었다. 결론적으로 퇴적물내의 다환방향족 탄화수소 제거를 위해 퇴적물내의 토착미생물과 포식자가 제거된 상태에서 적절한 탄소원과 함께 균주를 접종하는 것이 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2016년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.132-134
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• 2016

The Study mainly focused on bioremediation of 16 types PAHs and heavy metals in contaminated marine sediments at filed scale study using slow release biostimulant ball (BSB) was investigated. In our experiment, filed scale study ($1m{\times}1m$) was performed and the effect of BSB on PAHs and heavy metals were analysed. BSB size and distance were determined and optimum size and distance were 3cm and 5.5cm respectively. BSB containing nutrients of acetate, nitrate and sulphate which can enhance the activity of microorganism to increase degrading capacity of PAHs and enhance the heavy metals stabilization also to decrease bioavailability. PAHs containing 16 types of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 rings compound PAHs were found and to degrade upto 100% in 2, 3 rings, upto 90 to 94% in 4 and 5 rings and 6 ring compound was degrade up to 70%. For heavy metals stabilization percentage was increased using BSB sediment and exchangeable portion was decreased and residual portion was increased in all analysed heavy metals. BSB enhance the PAHs degradation and stabilization of heavy metals percentages. BSB is a promising method for remediation of PAHs and heavy metals in contaminated marine sediments.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.177-187
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• 2014

Mussels have been commonly used in bioassay for quality assessments of environment. Moreover, several standard protocols for the developmental bioassay of bivalves have been proposed. In this study, the EC50 of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was determined using mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis embryonic developmental bioassay. To determine the sensitivity of M. galloprovincialis, their fertilized eggs were exposed to five PAHs (2-metylnaphthalene, fluorene, dibenzothiophene, phenanthrene, pyrene). The EC50 of 2-metylnaphthalene, fluorene, dibenzothiophene, phenanthrene, and pyrene were 232, 273, 67.9, 43.2, and $33.1{\mu}g/L$, respectively. The overall sensitivity of M. galloprovincialis in the present developmental bioassay was similar to or more sensitive than that of other marine organisms commonly used in aquatic bioassays. The results of this study could be provide with fundamental data of setting standard for protection of marine life and or can use prediction the aquatic toxicity of PAHs.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2014

해수 내 유류계 방향족탄화수소인 BTEX(benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene)와 다환방향족탄화수소(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: PAHs)를 동시에 분석할 수 있는 기술 개발을 위해 GC/MS에서 고체상미량추출법(solid phase microextraction: SPME)을 이용하여 최적의 분석기법을 정립하였다. SPME 기법은 전통의 분석 방법과 비교할 때 조작이 간단하고, 파이버를 재사용할 수 있고, 휴대하기 쉽고, 시료의 운반이나 저장하는 동안 오염을 최소화 할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 최적의 SPME 조건을 정립하기 위해 여러 변수 즉, SPME 수착제, 흡착 시간, 흡착 온도, 교반 속도, GC 탈착 시간들을 확인하였다. 다양한 SPME 수착제($100{\mu}m$ PDMS, $75{\mu}m$ CAR/PDMS, $65{\mu}m$ PDMS/DVB)를 이용하여 BTEX와 PAHs(분자량 78부터 202까지)를 동시에 분석한 결과 $65{\mu}m$ PDMS/DVB를 최적의 수착제로 선정하였다. 최적의 수착제로 $65{\mu}m$ PDMS/DVB 선정한 다음 순차적으로 다른 변수들을 확인하였다. 그 결과 BTEX와 PAHs 동시 분석하기 위한 최적의 SPMD 조건은 흡착시간 60분, 흡착온도 $50^{\circ}C$, 교반속도 750 rpm, GC 탈착시간 3분으로 결정되었다. 최적화한 HS-SPME-GC/MS 분석법을 이용하여 인공오염해수 내 유류계 방향족탄화수소 분석 결과 이전 연구 방법과 유사하였다. HP-SPME-GC/MS 분석법은 기존에 유기용매를 사용한 방법이 가졌던 단점과 제한점을 보완할 수 있으며, 해수 내 유류에 의한 BTEX 및 PAHs 분석에 효율적으로 적용할 수 있다.