• 한국작물학회지
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2014

화석연료의 연소나 유류 오염 등으로 인해 발생하는 PAHs는 우리 주변 어디에서나 존재하는 위험한 오염물질 중 하나로, 생태계에 영향을 끼치며 작물 생육에도 영향을 준다. PAHs는 작물에서도 흡수가 가능하기 때문에, 작물생육에 대한 저해 효과를 알아보기 위해 콩과 벼에 대한 영향을 유묘기부터 검정하였다. PAHs가 처리된 토양에서 자란 벼와 콩의 초장과 건물중은 다소 감소하였고, 벼보다 콩에서 생장 저해가 강하게 발생되었다. 토양에 100 ppm 농도에서 처리된 경우 콩의 초장은 58.9 cm로 처리되지 않은 콩의 87.2% 값을 보였다. 벼의 경우, 처리 후 80일 100 ppm에서 자란 벼가 처리되지 않은 벼의 96.0% 값을 보여, 초장에 있어서 저해 효과가 낮게 나타났다. 광합성과 관련된 엽록소 함량과 엽록소 형광은 PAHs 처리 후 20일부터 70일까지 저해가 약간 되었지만, 출수기 이후는 저해 정도가 약하게 나타났다. 어린 유묘의 한천 배지 실험은 100 ppm phenanthrene 농도일 때, 성숙한 작물의 폿트 실험과 비교시 유묘 길이와 생체중의 저해가 높게 나타났다. 벼에서는 유묘 길이와 생체중이 각 각 54.2%, 33.3% 감소하였고, 콩에서는 각 각 27.9%, 13.2% 감소되었다. 이러한 결과를 통하여 PAHs은 성숙기보다 영양 생장 초기에 저해가 높게 발생하며, 영양생장기의 피해는 콩보다 벼에서 저해가 높게 발생하였다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.735-742
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• 2008

낙동강 유역에 위치한 산업폐수종말처리장에서 채집한 폐수슬러지 시료와 부산 지역 하수처리장에서 채집된 하수슬러지시료를 대상으로 19종의 염화페놀류와 미국 환경보호청(US EPA)에서 우선 오염물질로 지정한 16종의 PAHs를 분석하여 농도 실태 및 분포 특성을 확인하고자 하였다. 분석결과 PAHs는 1.28$\sim$44.9 mg/kg dry wt.의 범위를 보였으며 대부분의 슬러지 시료에서 선행연구와 비슷하거나 낮은 농도를 보였지만 I5와 S4 시료의 경우 매우 높은 농도로 검출되어 슬러지의 종류 및 폐수 발생원에 따라 차이를 보이는 것을 알 수 있었다. 염화페놀류는 213$\sim$3,850 $\mu$g/kg dry wt.로 검출되었으며, 폐수슬러지에서 더 높은 농도로 나타났다. 특히 공단처리수가 하수와 같이 유입되는 하수슬러지 시료의 경우 폐수슬러지와 비슷한 농도수준을 보여 하수보다는 폐수에 의해 이들 물질의 농도가 영향을 받는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 슬러지의 종류에 따른 PAHs와 염화페놀류의 분포패턴을 파악하기 위해 주성분분석 및 군집분석을 실시하였다. 폐수슬러지의 경우 폐수가 배출되는 산업의 종류에 따라 서로 다른 분포패턴을 보였지만 하수슬러지는 비교적 유사한 분포패턴을 보였다. 식품산업이 대부분을 차지하는 I6 폐수슬러지 시료의 경우 하수슬러지와 유사한 분포패턴을 보여 폐수 발생원에 의한 영향을 많이 받는 것을 알 수 있었다. 하수슬러지에서 PAHs는 선행연구와 마찬가지로 phenanthrene, pyrene, fluoranthene이 상대적으로 높은 조성비(30.8$\sim$50.7%)를 보였으며, 염화페놀류는 2-chlorophenol이 36.0$\sim$66.8%의 높은 비율로 나타났다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.441-451
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• 2013

인천연안 8개 지역 갯벌의 72개 지점의 표층퇴적물과 24개 지점의 주상퇴적물 시료를 2011년 봄 가을 2회에 걸쳐 채취하여, 다환방향족탄화수소(PAHs), 석유계총탄화수소(TPHs) 및 벤젠-톨루엔-에틸벤젠-자일렌(BTEX)의 시 공간적 농도분포 특성을 조사하였다. 또한 PAHs 화합물 구성비에 의한 오염발생기원을 평가하였다. 갯벌 전체의 PAHs 평균농도는 $95.62{\mu}g/kg$으로 조사되었고, 계절별 PAHs 농도분포는 가을철이 봄철보다 낮은 특징을 보였다. 주상퇴적물의 PAHs 농도가 표층퇴적물보다 높았으며, 주상퇴적물의 상부가 하부보다 높은 농도분포를 보였다. 전체 갯벌의 TPHs 평균농도는 46 mg/kg으로 조사되었고, TPHs 평균농도 분포 양상은 봄철보다 가을철이 현저하게 높고, 표층퇴적물이 주상퇴적물보다 높게 나타났다. 갯벌 퇴적물내 PAHs의 오염발생 기원을 평가한 결과, 장화리 갯벌의 표층퇴적물과 소래 및 옥련 갯벌의 주상퇴적물의 PAHs 배출원은 연소와 석유류기원으로 조사되었고, 나머지 모든 갯벌은 연소기원으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.947-956
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• 2018

Trains have been a major means of transport in Korea during these past decades. However, train facilities such as stations and repair shops are contaminated with organic and inorganic substances. There is a high probability of train facility contamination with polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This study evaluated the PAH and heavy metal contamination of soil near railroads in the Kyungpook area. A total of 18 soil samples were collected from the railroads and analyzed for 16 PAHs and 6 heavy metal species. The contamination level of the top soil was found to be slightly higher than that of the subsoil for contamination with PAHs. The ratio of carcinogenic PAH concentration to the total PAH concentration was relatively high, with a maximum of 0.9. The toxicity equivalent (TEQ) of the PAHs were 500.6 ng/kg in the topsoil and 355.5 ng/kg in the subsoil. The ratio of low molecular PAHs (LPAHs) to high molecular PAHs (LPAHs) ranged from 6.7 to 29.5; this shows that contamination is primarily due to combustion of fuel rather than due to petroleum. The ratio of phenanthrene to anthracene and the ratio of fluoranthene to pyrene also show that contamination occurred due to combustion for transportation. The heavy metal contamination level was lower than the Korean standard, but higher than the background concentration; this indicates that the soil was affected by the operation of the railways.

• 천문학논총
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.281-284
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• 2012

We utilize AKARI's slitless spectroscopic capability to detect the $3.3{\mu}m$ polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emission and measure star formation (SF) activity for various AKARI programs. First, we obtain $2{\sim}5{\mu}m$ spectra of 20 flux-limited galaxies with mixed SED classes in order to calibrate the $3.3{\mu}m$ PAH luminosity ($L_{PAH3.3}$) as a star formation rate (SFR) indicator. We find that $L_{PAH3.3}$ correlates with $L_{IR}$ as well as with the $6.2{\mu}m$ PAH luminosity ($L_{PAH6.2}$). The correlations does not depend on SED classes. We find that ULIRGs deviate from the correlation between PAH luminosities and $L_{IR}$, while they do not for the correlation between PAH luminosities. We suggest possible effects to cause this deviation. On the other hand, how AGN activity is linked to SB activity is one of the most intriguing questions. While it is suggested that AGN luminosity of quasars correlates with starburst (SB) luminosity, it is still unclear how AGN activity is connected to SF activity based on host galaxy properties. We are measuring SFRs for the LQSONG sample consisting of reverberation mapped AGNs and PG-QSOs. This is an extension of the ASCSG program by which we investigated the connection between SB and AGN activities for Seyferts type 1s at z ~ 0.36. While we found no strong correlation between $L_{PAH3.3}$ and AGN luminosity for these Seyferts 1s, $L_{PAH3.3}$ measured from the central part of galaxies correlates with AGN luminosity, implying that SB and AGN activities are directly connected in the nuclear region.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 1991

본 연구에서는 대기중 저농도 수준의 다환방향족탄화수소(PAH) 농도를 측정하기 위하여 이들의 포집과 분석방법을 평가하였다. PAH의 포집매체로서 기체상은 Tenax 흡착제를, 입자상은 PTEE 및 유리섬유필터를 이용하였으며 양자 모두 저유량샘플러에 의해 포집되었다. 필터 및 흡착제에 함유된 유기성분은 Soxhlet 장치로 추출하였으며 신속하고도 간편한 Silica 미니칼럼을 이용하여 PAH 함유성분을 분리하였다. PAH 성분은 역상 HPLC로 분리되어 형광 및 UV 검출기로 검지하였다. 분석은 환경보건학적 중요성을 갖는 18개의 PAH에 대하여 행하여졌다. 분석방법의 타당성을 검토하기 위하여 추출능(시료의 회수율), 시료의 전처리단계, HPLC 분리능과 재현성 및 검출한계치 등이 평가되었으며 이울러 서로 다른 포집매체의 이용에 따른 회수율의 영향도 비교 검토되었다. 본 연구에서 채택된 포집 및 분석방법을 실제 환경시료에 적용하여 가스상 및 입자상 PAH 분석을 위한 실례를 제시하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제16권E호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2000

In this study, the concentrations of particulate organic constituents of environmental tobacco smoke(ETS) were determined using an environmental smog chamber, where ETS is the sole source of target compounds. ETS was generated in a 30 ㎥ environmental chamber by a number of different cigarettes, including the Kentucky 1R4F reference cigarette and eight commercial brands. A total of 12 experimental runs was conducted, and target analytes included a group of ETS markers both in vapor and particulate phase and a class of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbos(PAHs) associated with ETS particles. The mass concentrations of PAH in ETS particles were also determined. The average contents of benzo(a) pyrene and benzo(a) anthracene in ETS particles for the commercial brands were 12.8 and 21.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/g, respectively, There values are all somewhat higher than those determined previously by other studies. Results form the chamber study are further used to estimate the average and variability of cigarette yields for target compounds associated with ETS. Finally, ratios of RSP to the surrogate standards of UVPM, FPM and solanesol were calculated for each sample. The average conversion factors factors for the eight commercial brands were 7.3, 38, and 41 for UVPM, EPM, and solanesol, respectively. The UVPM and FPM factors are in good agreement with the recently published values. Whereas there might be a substantial difference in the solanesol content among cigarettes produced in different countries, the variability is somewhat greater than those of UVPM and FPM, Unfortunately, comparison of the PAH yield data from this study with literature values was complicated by a lack of consistency in cigarette smoke generating methodology. Validation of the PAH yields was also difficult due to a lack of information on the ETS related PAH in the literature. From and engineering viewpoint , however, these data on the cigarette yields of ETS components may still provide useful information to studies on the mathematical modeling of indoor air quality management regarding tobacco smoke as a source of interest, or to studies on the assessment of human exposure to ETS.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2002

The morphology of deposits on $15-{\mu}m$ thin SiC filaments has been investigated with SEM and compared with UV-excited laser induced broadband fluorescences in co-flowing, propane laminar diffusion flames in a reduced oxidizer environment. The homogeneous morphology of droplet-like deposits inner flame zone and the agglomeration of condensed-phase deposits and the transition to soots from grown up droplet-like precursors with approaching the flame surface can be observed in a barely sooting flame. The average size of the mature soots deposited in the luminous flame edge is scarcely dependent on their axial position in a confined flame under reduced oxidizer condition. A double structure of PAH fluorescence is observed in near-extinction flames with further decreasing of oxidizer. A comparison of the PAH fluorescence with the morphologies of deposits indicates that appearance of the "dark" hollow zone is caused by a decreased number density of developed liquid-phase large molecules and the outer weak fluorescence zone is caused by the diffusion of gas-phase small molecules.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.75-79
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• 1999

Due to increasing marine pollution there is a great possibility that seaweed is contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). To investigate the effect of processing on PAM removal from Porphyra tenera (laver) contaminated PAH, laver was contaminated with fluoranthene known to have a strong photoinduced toxicity, followed by washings and drying, which are usual processes for dried laver preparation. Sample at each step was collected and its toxicity was evaluated using cultured animal cells as well as analyzing PAH contents. Fluoranthene level in laver was significantly lowered by sequential washings with sea water and distilled water, but not by drying. Fluoranthene content in raw laver right after contamination was 221 ppm and decreased to 130 ppm by washings with seawater plus distilled water while its level was not lurker lowered by drying process. Cytotoxicity and photoinduced cytotoxicity in mammalian cells were significantly elevated in laver extracts containing fluoranthene. Cellular arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), one of the biomarkers for cellular accumulation of PAH, was greatly induced by laver extract contaminated with fluoranthene. These results suggest that photoinduced toxicity and AHH activity can be used to monitor contamination of seafood by PAHs. Fluoranthene accumulated in laver was efficiently removed by sequential washings with seawater and tap water for 24 hrs and 12 hrs, respectively.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.434-437
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• 2003

The fate and the behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals in the environment are mainly controlled by their interactions with various components of soils and sediments. Due to their large surface area and abundance in many soils, smectites may greatly influence the fate and transport of the contaminants in the environment. In our experiment, PAH sorption by hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA)-modified smectite linearly increased in proportion to the amount of HDTMA added on the clay. However, trimethylammonium (TMA)-modified smectite did not show superiority in its sorption of PAH compared with the HDTMA-smectite or dodecyltrimethylammonium (DTMA)-smectite. Meanwhile, the smectites modified with the same cationic surfactants adsorbed Cd$^{2+}$ (heavy metal) significantly from water at low surfactant loading level, but the Cd$^{2+}$ adsorption linearly decreased as the loading of surfactant increased. The result shows that the sorption tendency of organoclays for organic or inorganic contaminants was significantly influenced by the amount and size of the surfactants added on the clay. It means that the stabilization and configuration of cationic surfactant formed on the clay interlayer according to the loading amount of each surfactant of different sizes may be an important factor in effectively sorbing environmental pollutants.nts.