• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to propose the planning methods for pollution prevention in the initial design stage by identifying the pollution phenomena on the exterior of the building. It is important to catch the problem early on because exterior troubles begin with an initial design defect and causes rapid aging. The scope of this study is seoul public borough offices that should be sustainable for long as landmark located at the center of the district. Field survey was conducted three times in six months. Twenty-six borough offices were diagnosed with three levels of contamination through visual inspection and the contaminated locations, types, materials, and characteristics were checked. Fourteen common contaminated locations were identified in the first and intensively rechecked in the second. Five locations vulnerable to contamination were designated and the contamination and cleanliness situations were checked by location in the third. As a result, main polluted types and locations are sloping wall, upper wall, protruded wall, canopy, and wall under window. The key to avoiding these pollution problems is to minimize the horizontal plane on which dust can be deposited. In other words, it can be considered variously by shape and location, such as the slope of the horizontal plane, the floating of the surface, the installation of the roof surface, and the vertical louvers. And throating plans and material plans suitable for each location are presented. Various methods of the shape and location, material are expected to use as useful basic data for preventing pollutions during the initial design stage.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.768-775
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• 2016

Heavy metal pollution in arable field is an critical problem due to crop safety. For this reason, national survey of heavy metal pollution in the arable field near at the industrial area has been conducted from 1999 in Korea. The main purpose of this research was to monitor heavy metal pollution in Chungnam/chungbuk province and to evaluate pollution index (PI) in soil. Total of 15 sampling locations were examined and average concentration of each heavy metals were following: As - $2.99{\pm}2.63$, Cd - $0.23{\pm}0.07$, Cu - $9.35{\pm}6.48$, Ni - $9.26{\pm}8.03$, Pb - $10.18{\pm}3.32$, Zn - $52.9{\pm}17.18$. No sampling site was exceeded threshold level of each heavy metals. Calculated PI in soil was ranged between 0.03 - 0.27 indicating that also no heavy metal pollution is occurred in examined sampling locations. Although, no heavy metal pollution was observed in the examined sites but monitoring of heavy metal pollution should be continued for possible accidental pollution in arable field near at the industrial area.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.281-290
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• 2016

In the northernmost basin of the Bukhan River, pollution sources can have a concentrated distribution. In these basins, small streams show low flow with various and rapid water quality change in low pollutants load. Therefore, a water quality improvement plan of small streams and main stem will be necessary to establish the characteristics of small streams. This study selected a representative Hwacheon-gun in the northernmost basin of the Bukhan River. Hydro analysis was performed with GIS tools using DEM. A total of 152 small streams were listed. A total of 51 survey locations were selected after applying the selection criteria. Flow rate and water qualities were investigated. Pollution sources and pollutants loads were calculated for each basin. Pollution grade and typological classification were performed by cluster analysis using standardized environmental condition factors. As a result, G04, G01, H01 locations were found to have the worst pollution grades whereas J01, P01, and P02 had less pollution. Typological analyses were able to classify six types for the surveyed small streams. An effective water quality improvement plan was obtained based on the results of pollution grade and typological analysis using environmental condition factors of this study.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.59-87
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• 1994

While overall input of oil into the sea has actually declined over the years 1975-92, major spills have regularly occurred in certain locations which have had serious effects upon local environments and hence caused public outcry. The purpose of this paper is to suggest the scheme for maximizing the compensation for oil pollution, which can be adopted in Korea, by analysing the mandatory 1969 Civil Liability Convention(CLC), the 1971 Fund Convention and two voluntary schemes (TOVALOP andCRISTAL). The paper examines the major subjects which are as follows : major pollution incidents and international response, the present situation of oil pollution in Korea, the role of flag of convenience tankers in oil pollution, the mode of oil pollution damages and tanker owner's liability, international compensation system fer oil pollution, Korean compensation system for oil pollution damage, and its problems to be tackled.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.430-441
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• 2018

The adverse health impact of air pollution is becoming more serious. The purpose of this study is twofold: One is to analyze the effect of air pollution and temperatures on human health by analyzing the number of deaths from cardiovascular disease in Seoul, Korea; the other is to determine what impact the location of a monitoring site has on the results of a health study. For this latter purpose, air pollution and temperature monitors are sited at three locations termed green, public, and residential. Then, a decision tree model is used to analyze factors linked with deaths occurring at each monitoring site. The results show that the environmental temperatures before death and the $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations on the day of death are highly linked with the number of deaths regardless of the monitoring location. However, results are most accurate with residential data. The results of this study can be used as base data for a similar analysis and ultimately, as a guide to minimize the health impact of air pollution.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1025-1029
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• 2005

공단지역에서 아황산가스의 오염농도와 공간분포를 조사하기 위해 토지이용 유형별로 약 500 m 격자망을 구성하여 76개의 지점에 패시브샘플러를 설치하여 분석을 수행하였다. 또한 아황산가스를 비롯한 대기오염물질이 공업단지, 주거지 및 녹지지역의 토양에 미치는 오염영향을 파악하기 위해 120개 지점에서 토양시료를 채취하여 토성과 중금속 농도를 분석하였다. 분석결과 아황산가스 농도와 Cu 및 Pb와의 상관도는 0.05 및 0.04로 낮게 도출되었으나, 공업지역만을 대상으로 분석하였을 경우 상관도는 0.17 및 0.08로서 각각 3.3배와 2배 증가한 것으로 분석되었다. 위 연구결과는 대기오염농도의 공간분포 및 토양오염과의 상관성을 파악할 수 있도록 공업지역, 주거지역 및 녹지지역으로 구분하여 도면에 표시하였으며, 연구결과는 인간, 동 식물이 장기간 오염환경에 노출정도와 대기위생 및 공중보건 위험성평가를 위한 자료로 활용될 수 있다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2003

In August-September 2001, 15 samples of bottom sediments were collected in the inner, middle and open parts of Amursky Bay near Vladivostok, Russia, and barfin plaice Pleuronectes pinnifasciatus was sampled from the inner and the middle locations of the bay. In the sediments from all three sites elevated concentrations of several heavy metals, i.e. Zn ($102-115{\mu}/g$ dry weight), Ni $(70-73{\mu}g/g)$ and Cu $(27-35{\mu}g/g)$ were discovered. The contents of oil hydrocarbons were very close to or slightly higher than the maximal normal environmental background level, $100{\mu}g/g$ dry weight. The sediments contained negligible amounts of hexachlorocyclohexane, while DDT concentrations were quite high (1.7-16.3ng/g dry weight). Generally, there were no substantial differences in the pollution levels of the locations studied and our results resembled those reported for Amursky Bay in the 1990s. Surprisingly, in 2001 'fiesh' DDT comprised 70-85% of the total DDT content in sediment from all the locations studied. In fish liver total DDTs concentrations were 212.8 and 122.54 ng/g wet weight for the inner and the middle locations, respectively, and 'fresh' DDT comprised 35 and 64% of DDTs, respectively. These results provide evidence of recent input of DDT from an unknown source into the ecosystem of Amursky Bay. Histopathological changes revealed in the plaice liver (vacuolization of hepatocytes, coagulative necrosis of hepatocytes, inflammatory reaction, and necrosis of epithelial cells of bile ducts) are probably connected with an intensive metabolism of DDT in the fish organism. No histological and histomorphometric differences were found in the state of the interrenal tissue. Similar condition of the liver and the interrenal tissue in barfin plaice sampled from the inner and the middle locations of Amursky Bay may be explained by the absence of great differences in the pollution levels of these sites.

• 대기
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.689-698
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• 2019

Air pollution in urban areas has become a serious problem in the recent years. Especially, high concentrations of particulate matter (PM) cause negative effects on human health. Several studies suggest urban forest as a tool for improving air quality because of the capability of forests in reducing PM concentrations through deposition and adsorption using leaf area. For this reason, the National Institute of Forest Science plans to install in-situ observation stations for PM and biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) on a national scale to verify the net effect of forests on urban air pollution. To measure the quantitative change of PM concentrations due to the urban forest, stations should be located within and outside the forest area with respect to atmospheric circulation. In this study, we analyze the wind direction at the potential measurement sites to assess suitable locations for detecting the effect of urban forests on air quality in five cities (i.e. Gwangju, Daegu, Busan, Incheon, and Ilsan). This technical note suggests effective locations of in-situ measurements by considering main wind direction in the five cities of this study. A measurement station network created in the future based on the selected locations will allow quantitative measurements of PM concentration and BVOCs emitted from the urban forest and help provide a comprehensive understanding of the forest capabilities of reducing air pollution.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.715-725
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• 2023

Microplastic (MP) pollution in aquatic environments is a growing concern worldwide. This study investigated the abundance, types, and attributes of MPs in the surface water at two industrial sites (Avoimitro Ghat and Kalurghat) along the Karnaphuli River in Chattogram, Bangladesh. Sampling was conducted over eight months across three transects encompassing a total area of 500 m at each site. A manta net of 200 ㎛ mesh size was used to sample MPs. The obtained samples were subsequently filtered, enumerated, and characterized using a stereo microscope and imaging software. The mean abundance of MP particles (per km² ) was found higher in Avoimitro Ghat (94,861 ± 57,126) than in Kalurghat (31,343 ± 23,183). A significant statistical difference (p < 0.05) was observed in the mean abundance of MP particles between the wet and dry seasons. The fragment group of MP exhibited the most abundant category, whereas the pellet category displayed the lowest. MPs with an elongated shape prevailed at both locations throughout all seasons. At Avoimitro Ghat, blue-colored MPs demonstrated the highest mean count, while in Kalurghat, the highest mean count belonged to brown-colored MPs. The size distribution of MPs differed between the two sites, with 1-2 mm MPs being plentiful in both seasons and Avoimitro Ghat, whereas MPs ranging from 500 ㎛ to less than 1 mm were abundant in Kalurghat. Ten (10) polymer types were found from Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis with high levels of polypropylene atactic in both Avoimitro Ghat (32%) and Kalurghat (17%). The findings provide important insights into MP pollution in the Karnaphuli River, which may aid in developing effective strategies to mitigate the impacts of MP pollution on the aquatic ecosystem and human health.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

Vehicle exhaust is a dominant source of air pollutants in urban areas. Since people are easily exposed to vehicle exhaust particles while driving a car and/or traveling via public transportation, air pollution near traffic has been extensively studied in developed countries. In this paper, investigations on vehicle-related fine particulate air pollution at roadsides and on roads in Seoul, Korea were reviewed to understand air pollution near traffic. Comparison of $PM_{10}$ concentrations in Seoul showed that roadside air is more contaminated than urban air, implying that exposure levels near vehicular emissions are more critical to sensitive persons. Concentrations of ultrafine particles and BC (black carbon) at roadsides of Seoul fluctuate highly for short durations, responding to traffic situations. Diurnal variations of ultrafine particles and BC concentrations at roadsides seem to be affected by traffic volume, mixing layer height, and wind speed. Concentrations of ultrafine particles and BC decrease as distance from the road increases due to dilution during transport. On-road air pollution seems to be more severe than roadside air pollution in Seoul. Since nearby traffic air pollution has not been well understood in Seoul, further studies including various vehicular air pollutants and representative locations are needed.