• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.1B
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• pp.51-60
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• 2006

Water quality improvement in mattress/filter system using porous material like slag from industrial activity and zeolite that has been studied for environment improvement and pollution abatement is very useful in polluted stagnant stream channel. Slag is consisted of CaO, $SiO_2$, $Al_2O_3$ and $Fe_2O_3$. Slag with large specific surface area of porosity has been used such as sludge settling and adsorptive materials. Because slag is porous, it can be used for purification filter. As slag is used as filled materials of mattress/filter system and the system has good advantages for the waste water treatment, water recycling, and the improvement of water quality at the same time and so on. Because zeolite has much advantage of cation exchange, adsorption, catalyst and dehydration characteristics, It is used for environment improvement of livestock farms, treatment of artificial sewage and waste water, improvement of drinking water quality, radioactive waste disposal and radioactive material pollution control. In this study, according to verifying effects of water quality improvement of fill materials by porosity that 38.6%, 45.8% and 49.8% respectively in the stagnant stream channel, water quality monitoring of inflow and outflow was conducted on pH, DO, BOD, COD, SS, T-N and T-P. Mattress/filter system was able to accelerate water quality improvement by biofilter as waste water flows through gap of mattress/filter fill materials and by contact catalysis, absorption, catabolism by biofilm. Mattress/filter system used slag and zeolite forms biofilm easily and accelerates adsorption of organic matter. As a result, mattress/filter system increases water self-purification and accelerates water quality improvement available for stream water clean-up.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2006

A field survey on the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics and origins of organic matter in surface sediments was carried out monthly at six stations in Gamak Bay, South Korea from April 2000 to March 2002. The range of ignition loss(IL) was $4.6{\sim}11.6%(7.1{\pm}1.6%)$, while chemical oxygen demand(CODs) ranged from $12.25{\sim}99.26mgO_2/g-dry(30.98{\pm}19.09mgO_2/g-dry)$, acid volatile sulfide(AVS) went from no detection(ND)${\sim}10.29mgS/g-dry(1.02{\pm}0.58mgS/g-dry)$, and phaeopigment was $6.84{\sim}116.18{\mu}g/g-dry(23.72{\pm}21.16{\mu}g/g-dry)$. The ranges of particulate organic carbon(POC) and particulate organic nitrogen(PON) were $5.45{\sim}23.24 mgC/g-dty(10.34{\pm}4.40C\;mgC/g-dry)$ and $0.71{\sim}2.99mgN/g-dry(1.37{\pm}0.58mgN/g-dry)$, respectively. Water content was in the range of $43.1{\sim}77.6%(55.8{\pm}5.6%)$, and mud content(silt+clay) was higher than 95% at all stations. The spatial distribution of organic matter in surface sediments was greatly divided between the northwestern, central and eastern areas, southern entrance area from the distribution characteristic of their organic matters. The concentrations of almost all items were greater at the northwestern and southern entrance area than at the other areas in Gamak Bay. In particular, sedimentary pollution was very serious at the northwestern area, because the area had an excessive supply of organic matter due to aquaculture activity and the inflow of sewage from the land. These materials stayed longer because of the topographical characteristics of such as basin and the anoxic conditions in the bottom seawater environment caused by thermocline in the summer. The tendency of temporal change was most prominently in the period of high-water temperatures than low-water ones at the northwestern and southern entrance areas. On the other hand, the central and eastern areas did not show a regular trend for changing the concentrations of each item but mainly showed a higher tendency during the low-water temperatures. This was observed for all but AVS concentrations which were higher during the period of high-water temperature at all stations. Especially, the central and eastern areas showed a large temporal increase of AVS concentration during those periods of high-water temperature where the concentration of CODs was in excess of $20mgO_2/g-dry$. The results show that the organic matters in surface sediments in Gamak Bay actually originated from autochthonous organic matters with eight or less in average C/N ratio including the organic matters generated by the use of ocean, rather than terrigenous organic matters. However, the formation of autochthonous organic matter was mainly derived from detritus than living phytoplankton, indicated the results of the POC/phaeopigment ratio. In addition, the CODs/IL ratio results demonstrate that the detritus was the product of artificial activities such as dregs feeding and fecal pellets of farm organisms caused by aquaculture activities rather than the dynamic of natural ocean activities.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.276-283
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate distribution of epilithic algal and chemical contents of irrigation water influencing in the Seomjin River from March to October in 1996 and 1997. In the water quality of the Seomjin River, the monthly average contents of $NH^+\;_4-N,\;SO_4\;^{2-}$ and $Cl^-$ showed the lowest peak in July and August while that of $NO_3-N$ showed the highest peak in June. The water quality of the Seomjin River was deteriorated by inflow of Yo-cheon and Sosi-cheon in the middle stream. The concentration of anions and cations of the Seomjin River was $Cl^->SO_4\;^{2-}>NO_3\;^->PO_4\;^{3-}\;and\;Ca^{2+}>Na^+>Mg^{2+}>K^+>NH_4\;^+$, respectively. The epilithic algal community identified 339 taxa consisting of 7 forma, 42 varieties and 290 species in 6 classes. In species composition, green algae and diatoms were heavily dominated which were evaluated 50.4% and 31.3% of total classification, respectively. In seasonal distribution, 219 species presented in summer but, 147 species were in winter. In this study, dominant species were Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta and Cosmarium furcatospermum in spering. Cyclotella meneghinasa and Synedra ulna, Scenedesmus ecornis in summer. Melosira varians, Achnathes minutissima in autumn and Gomphonema parvulum in winter were dominated. Finally, the dominant indices in this study have ranged 0.10-0.43.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.263-270
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• 2011

Boknae Bio-park is a free water surface constructed wetlands to remove non-point source pollution. Boknae Bio-park constructed wetlands (CWs) consist of forebay, wetlands ($1^{st}$, $2^{nd}$, and $3^{rd}$ wetlands), and micropool. The concentrations of BOD, SS, T-N and T-P in inflow were 1.87-4.23, 5.2-24.0, 4.94-15.59 and $0.10-0.75mg\;L^{-1}$ in Boknae Bio-park CWs from April to December in 2008, respectively. The removal rates of BOD, SS, T-N and T-P in Boknae Bio-park CWs were 26, 43, 62 and 83%, respectively. The removal rates of BOD and SS in the spring and summer were higher than those in other seasons. The removal rates of T-N and T-P on spring were slightly higher than those in other seasons. The amounts of pollutants removal in Boknae Bio-park CWs were higher in the order of forebay > wetlands > micropool for BOD, wetlands > forebay > micropool for SS and wetlands > forebay > micropool for T-N. The amount of T-P removal was not significant different in all areas.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.571-581
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• 2007

The mechanism of water pollution in Lake Shihwa, one of highly eutrophicated artificial lakes in Korea, has been studied using a numerical 3D physical-biochemical coupled model. In this study, the model was applied to estimate the contribution of land-based pollutant load to water quality of heavily polluted Lake Shihwa. The chemical oxygen demand(COD) was adopted as an index of the lake water quality, and the spatial distribution of an average COD concentration during the summer from 1999 to 2000 was simulated by the model. The simulated COD showed a good agreement with the observed data. According to reproducibility of COD, the high-est levels between 8 and 9 mg/L were shown at the inner site of the lake with inflow of many rivers and ditches, while the lowest was found to be about 5 mg/L at the southwestern site near to dike gate. In the pre-diction of water quality of Lake Shihwa, COD showed still higher levels than 3 mg/L in case of reduction of 95% for land-based pollutant load. This suggests that the curtailment of land-based pollutant load is not only sufficient but the improvement of sediment quality or the increase of seawater exchange should be considered together to improve a water quality in Lake Shihwa.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.39-44
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• 1972

Considerable damages of the cultivated Porphyra by Porphyra diseases were reported from the Porphyra culture bed along the coast of Yongwon-ri, Changwon, Kyungnam during the years of 1969 and 1970. The present study deals with the effects of fertilizer plant effluents on the Porphyra diseases, and the results are summarized as follows : 1. By the result of current observation, the polluted water of Haeng-am Bay which has an inflow of pollutants from the fertilizer plant was affecting the bed with tides. The results of pollution studies in Chinhae Bay and adjacent waters conducted by Won and Park(1971) also show that Chinhae Bay and adjacent waters are contaminated with the plant effluents. It seems that the effect increases due to the wind drift current when north-westerly or westerly winds prevail. Accordingly, effects of the Porphyra diseases in the culture bed seem to originate from the pollutants, since there are more damages when the north-westerly or westerly winds prevail, and also spring tide develops. 2. As compared to the photosynthetic activity of the Porphyra suborbiculata in uncontaminated seawater, it decreases up to $4\%$ in 200pmm, $20\%$ in 300ppm and $43\%$ in 1,000ppm of contaminated seawater which contains dilluted pollutants from the fertilizer plant. The results of the measurements using the water collected in the polluted area of Chinhae Bay and adjacent waters revealed that the photosynthesis was depressed about 21 to $34\%$ near the plant, and in the area of the Porphyra beds, $15\%$ in the portion where tide is weak and $5\%$ where the tide is strong, in comparison with the area of unpolluted water. 3. Although the present results do not indicate the exact level of harmful pollutants, it is evident that the pollutants of the plant effluents interfere photosynthetic activity of the Porphyra, even in the water containing pollutants as low as 200 ppm.