• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.977-981
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• 2006

In order to improve water quality in drinking water sources, Ministry of Environment (MOE) was implemented total water pollution load management (TWPLM) in all the major river basins. From the experience of the application of TWPLM, we could find some problems relating the target watershed, standard operating procedure (SOP) of establishment and implementation plan, water quality and flow rate, design flow, water quality model, margin of safety (MOS), and estimation of wasteload were found. The authors were reviewed ongoing TWPLM and presented the improvement schemes for a successful TWPLM. For the application of these suggestions, further detailed studies should be done to implement TWPLM in the future.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.589-599
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• 2016

Implemented since 2004, TPLC (Total Pollution Load Control) is the most powerful water-quality protection program. Recently, uncertainty of prediction using steady state model increased due to changing water environments, and necessity of a dynamic state model, especially the watershed model, gained importance. For application of watershed model on TPLC, it needs to be feasible to adjust the relationship (mass-balance) between discharged loads estimated by technical guidance, and arrived loads based on observed data at the watershed outlet. However, at HSPF, simulation is performed as a semi-distributed model (lumped model) in a sub-basin. Therefore, if the estimated discharged loads from individual pollution source is directly entered as the point source data into the RCHRES module (without delivery ratio), the pollutant load is not reduced properly until it reaches the outlet of the sub-basin. The hypothetic RCHRES generated using the HSPF BMP Reach Toolkit was applied to solve this problem (although this is not the original application of Reach Toolkit). It was observed that the impact of discharged load according to spatial distribution of pollution sources in a sub-basin, could be expressed by multi-segmentation of the hypothetical RCHRES. Thus, the discharged pollutant load could be adjusted easily by modification of the infiltration rate or characteristics of flow control devices.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.656-665
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• 2013

This research was conducted to investigate pollutant load unit factor from aquacultural farms. Pollutant load unit factors were investigated on the 13 kinds of fish type, i.e., Trout, Leather Carp, Eel, Carp, Cartfish, Freshwater Eel, Crucian Carp, Colored Carp, Sturgeon, Marsh Snail, Sweetfish, Pond Snail, Eriocheir Sinensis. Water qualities in aquacultural farms were investigated wide range of values by fish type and pollutant items. High BOD and COD values were observed at the Leather Carp (Ponded water system), Cartfish (Ponded water system) and Freshwater Eel (Recirculating System). TOC and DOC values were relatively high at the Freshwater Eel (Recirculating System) and Eriocheir Sinensis (Extensive). Eel (Ponded water system) and Freshwater Eel (Recirculating System) produced high concentrated nutrient pollutants, i.e., T-N, T-P. Pollutant load unit factors are dependent on fish type, aquacultural type, water quality items, etc. If some fishes have similar basic unit values, those could be applied for TMDLs as a group of fish having same pollutant load unit. The water quality concentrations of post treatment facilities' (mainly reservoir tank) effluent were higher than those of fish raising bath because of extracting pollutant from sediment in the reservoir tank. Therefore, it needs to the management and regulations about post treatment facilities.

• 농촌계획
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.99-119
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• 2018

Unit load factor, which is used for the quantification of non-point pollution in watersheds, has the limitation that it does not reflect spatial characteristics of soil, topography and temporal change due to the interannual or seasonal variability of precipitation. Therefore, we developed the method to estimate a watershed-scale non-point pollutant load using seasonal forecast data that forecast changes of precipitation up to 6 months from present time for watershed-scale water quality management. To establish a preemptive countermeasure against non-point pollution sources, it is possible to consider the unstructured management plan which is possible over several months timescale. Notably, it is possible to apply various management methods such as control of sowing and irrigation timing, control of irrigation through water management, and control of fertilizer through fertilization management. In this study, APEX-Paddy model, which can consider the farming method in field scale, was applied to evaluate the applicability of seasonal forecast data. It was confirmed that the rainfall amount during the growing season is an essential factor in the non-point pollution pollutant load. The APEX-Paddy model for quantifying non-point pollution according to various farming methods in paddy fields simulated similarly the annual variation tendency of TN and TP pollutant loads in rice paddies but showed a tendency to underestimate load quantitatively.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.249-262
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• 2021

This study investigated the pollution characteristics of the main pollution zone in the Hwangguji watershed and the influence of the tributary on the main stream. The characteristics of the main pollution zone, including, the water quality index (WQI), stream rating, load duration curve (LDC), delivery load density (DLD), and contribution of the tributary to the mainstream, were evaluated by time-series visual heatmap. The WQI of the mainstream of Hwangguji was lowered to the poor (IV) level from the inflow point of Suwon stream (SW) and the LDC excess rate in the T-P was higher than that of BOD₅, especially for the wet season, suggesting that management of non-point source with T-P is preferred. The contribution (%) of the tributaries in the upstream section of Hwangguji watershed were BOD₅ 14.54%, TOC 15.67%, T-N 5.43%, and T-P 6.97%. In particular, the Suwon sewage treatment plant located in the mainstream showed a high contribution of BOD₅ (64.40%) and T-P (53.54%), respectively, due to the high discharge rate (6.019 m³/sec). Meanwhile, Sammi and Gal stream have a large impact on the mainstream with high DLD and poor WQI. Thus, both streams were considered as pollution hot spots. These results provide useful basic data for preparing more effective water quality improvement and management plans in the watershed.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2012

For effective watershed management, it is very important to select the tributaries through selection and concentration of targeted tributary catchments for improving water quality within the limited financial conditions. This study introduced the selection and diagnosis procedure of tributary catchments for improving water quality at Chungcheongnam-do based on water quality and flowrate monitoring, stream grouping method. The tributaries with high value of water quality and flowrate were selected for improving water quality according to stream grouping method. The diagnosis of selected tributaries for improving water quality was performed with analysis of the pollution load (generated, discharged, delivered) and point source discharged pollution load density. The plans for improving water quality of tributaries were suggested thorough various diagnosis of tributary catchments. For improving water quality of tributaries in Chungcheongnam-do, the tributary catchments in the Dangjin, Asan, Yesan, Cheonan, Hongseong area should be preferentially considered. The water quality improving plans for those tributary catchments, in accordance with the reduction of sources of pollution by population and livestock, should be established.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.449-454
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• 2004

This study is to calculate Allocation of Pollution Discharges by administrative region for the TMDL (Total Maximum Daily Load) on Tamjin River. TMDL has the water quality target and value ($BOD_5$, 1 ppm) and is calculated by the QUAL2E model. The expected TMDL for Tamjin River is 1,532,360 kg/day. The calculation showed that the main pollutants are due to the non-point sources in Tamjin River and the aqua-farms are another important sources near the bay. And sources from population and livestock should be reduced, especially aqua-farm source should be managed and eliminated first which is over 14,000 ton/day.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1249-1260
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• 2020

Non-point source pollutants have characteristics the render them difficult to manage owing to the uncertainty of flow paths. As agricultural non-point sources account for more than 57% of non-point source pollutants, the necessity for management is increasing. This study examines the possibility of utilizing land cover maps to suggest a more appropriate method of setting management priority for agricultural non-point sources in the Daecheong Lake area and draws implications by comparing the results derived using the cadastral map, as mentioned in the TMDL Basic Policy. To define the prioritized areas for management, the pollution load was calculated for each subbasin using the formula from the TMDL technical guidelines. As a result, the difference in the average pollution load between the land cover map and cadastral map ranged from 11.6% to 21% among the subbasins. In almost all subbasins, there were differences in the ranking of management priorities depending on the land information that was used. In addition, it was found that it was reasonable to use the level 3 land cover map to calculate the load generated by the land system for examining the implementation goals and methods of each data and comparing them with satellite images.

• 생태와환경
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.135-147
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• 2018

In order to investigate the runoff characteristics of nonpoint source pollutants in the Lake Doam watershed, water quality and flow rate were monitored for 38-rainfall events from 2009 to 2016. The EMC values of SS, COD, TN and TP were in the range of 33~2,169, 3.5~56.9, 0.09~7.65 and $0.06{\sim}2.21mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively. As a result of analyzing the effect of rainfall factor on the nonpoint source pollutant load, EMCs of SS, COD and TP showed a statistically significant correlation with rainfall (RA) (p<0.01) and SS showed highly significant correlation with maximum rainfall intensity (MRI, R=0.48). The load ranges of SS, COD, TN and TP were 10.4~11,984.6, 1.1~724.4, 0.6~51.6 and $0.03{\sim}22.85ton\;event^{-1}$, respectively, showing large variation depending on the characteristics of rainfall events. The effect of rainfall on the load was analyzed. SS, COD and TP showed a positive correlation, but TN did not show any significant correlation. The annual load of SS was the highest with $88,645tons\;year^{-1}$ in 2011 when rainfall was the highest with 1,669 mm. The result of impact analysis of nonpoint source pollution reduction project and land-use change on runoff load showed that pollutant load significantly reduced from 2009 to 2014 but SS and TP loads were increased from 2014 to 2016 due to increase in construction area. Therefore, we suggested that nonpoint source pollution abatement plan should be continued to reduce the soil loss and pollutants during rainfall, and countermeasures to reduce nonpoint source pollution due to construction need to be established.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.719-723
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• 2014

수질오염총량관리제의 효율적인 시행을 위해 본 연구에서는 비점오염원의 분류, 비점부하량(발생, 배출) 산정, 비점 오염원 관리지역의 선정, 비점오염물질 관리 등을 포함한 비점오염원 관리방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 무엇보다도 먼저 점오염원과 비점오염원의 정의는 학술적 법률적 관점에 기초하여 명확히 구분 관리하여야 한다. 특히, 사업활동과 사람의 활동에 의해서도 환경피해가 발생하지 않는 임야, 초지, 하천 등은 별도로 자연배경오염원으로 구분하여야 한다. 비점오염원 발생 및 배출부하량의 원단위는 유역의 실제여건에 맞도록 우선적으로 변경하여야 하며, 비점오염원 발생 및 배출부하량의 산정방법은 유역의 강수량 및 강수 지속시간을 고려하도록 수정하여야 한다. 한편, 수질오염총량관리제를 시행함에 있어 비점 오염원 관리지역은 강우시 하천의 오염물질 농도가 중권역 목표(관리목표)를 초과하거나 초과할 우려가 있는 유역을 대상으로 하며, 전체 유역 가운데 초지, 임야를 제외한 도시지역, 농경지, 그리고 대지 가운데 비점오염물질의 배출밀도가 높은 지역을 비점오염원 관리지역으로 최소화하여 선정하여야 한다. 비점오염물질저감시설은 단위면적당 비점오염물질 배출량, 오염물질 초과농도 지속시간, 처리의 실현가능성, 점오염원 대비 처리비용 효과 등을 고려하여 단위면적당 비점오염원 발생부 하량이 많은 지역과 강우시 수질농도가 중권역 목표를 초과하는 유역에 설치하여야 한다.