• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.555-568
• /
• 2014

The construction equipment is one of the major sources for hazardous air pollutants in Korea, and the its management has been of great concern recently. The objective of this study was to estimate each contribution of emission of construction equipments according to their production year, electric power consumption and type. To achieve this goal, we developed pollutant emission factors for the machineries manufactured after 2009, which are excluded from the present framework of Korean air pollutants inventory, CAPSS. More than 800 data obtained from emission investigations were utilized for the estimation. Compared with the previous estimation, the scheme used this study was modified to incorporate new emission factors as well as to include the corresponding activity data. Such improvement allow us to gain more detailed emission informations which are better characterized by specifications of construction equipments. The total amount of pollutants emitted from construction equipments in 2011 were estimated as 126.8, 7.0, 58.3, and 17.0 kton for $NO_x$, PM, CO, and VOC, respectively. The estimation results indicate that the increase in the emission of equipments is significantly related to their age and power consumption. The emissions of the older ones manufactured from 1992~1996 were estimated to be the contribution ranged from 23.7% to 26.8%, whereas the newer ones (2009~2011) showed the attributions of 11.3~21.5%. In addition, the results show that the emission of each equipment was increased with the increase in the electric power consumption of engine, probably due to their average output power. Among the nine types of machinery compared, excavators and forklifts were investigated to contribute relatively higher emissions in the level of 39.8~44.0% and 32.0~34.2%, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.181-190
• /
• 2011

The air pollutants from vehicle exhaust gas are affected by many factors including fuel qualities, engine and vehicle technologies, driving patterns. In particular, fuel qualities and after-treatment devices could directly affect the emission level of pollutants. The pollutant reduction characteristics that caused by enforced fuel quality standard were analyzed. Three types of test fuel were selected in accordance with Korean automotive fuel standard in 2006, 2009, 2012 and used for vehicle emission test in chassis dynamometer. European COPERT correction equation of fuel impact was considered as reference information to quantify the vehicle emission test results. The contribution rates of exhaust emission by COPERT correction equation showed that aromatic compounds and oxygen contents in gasoline fuel was most important. In case of diesel fuel, cetane index and polycyclic aromatic compounds accounted for the greater part. The exhaust emission effects by COPERT correction equation revealed that CO and VOC was increased 0.86%, 1.57% respectively in after 2009 gasoline when compared to before 2009 gasoline fuel. In case of light-duty diesel vehicle CO, VOC and PM were decreased in range of 3~7%. The result from this study could be provided for developing future fuel standards and be used to fundamental information for Korean clean air act.

• Spatial Information Research
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.65-76
• /
• 1998

Air contaminant density must be inferred exactly to manage air pollution. Each land use of air pollution source is duplicated in the existing air contaminant distribution because the resolution of the land use map is low. The purpose of this study is to understand how the land use map is used to determine effectively in the distribution calculation of the emission volume and the inference of air contaminant density, as it is made in a high resolution. The major findings are as follows : In this study, as to making a high resolution($28.5m{\times}28.5m$) map of land use with GIS, each air pollution source is not duplicated spatially and land use can be reflected effectively. In Seoul, each air contaminant density was inferred (using a TCM-2 model) with the existing distribution map of emission volume, whose resolution is $1km{\times}1km$, and the new distribution map of emission volume, whose resolution is $28.5km{\times}28.5km$. According to the result, the inference value of the new distribution map was more similar to the actual value of an automatic survey network.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.144-155
• /
• 2018

As the public interest in environmental issues increased, the "Act On The Integrated Control Of Pollutant-Discharging Facility" was enacted. Through the integrated environmental pollution prevention act in which 19 industries with large environmental impacts are sequentially applied, pollutants can be managed in a medium-integrated manner and integrated permission of the business unit is possible and BAT can be applied to enable a scientific and proactive environmental management system. In addition, if the facility with BAT works normally, the pollutant emission is offered with the range of lower limit to upper limit. This study analyzed the overview of Best Available Techniques-Associated Emission Levels (BAT-AEL), and its setting procedure and method, and then suggested the BAT-AEL of a waste incineration facility. In comparative analysis on Emission Limit Values (ELVs) of EU, this study tries to propose improvement matters and development directions if the relevant standard is revised.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.119-131
• /
• 2004

A green market refers to a market that consists of environmentally aware consumers. A few researches have been carried out on the effects of environmental policy measures in a green market. These existing researches were based on a vertical differentiation model with firms' price-setting behavior, and derived that unit emission standard and environmental product taxes could not reduce the amount of pollution emission. This note considers a vertical differentiation model with firms' quantity-setting behavior, and shows that, contrary to the previous result, the amount of pollution emission is reduced by the introduction of unit emission standard. This implies the importance of the nature of firms' interaction in figuring out the pollution abatement effect of environmental policy measures in a green market.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.583-591
• /
• 2004

In this study, methodologies for the rational organization of air pollution monitoring network were examined by understanding the characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution of secondary air pollution, whose significance would increase hereafter. The data on $O_3$ and $NO_2$ concentrations during high ozone period in 1998~1999 recorded at the nine air pollution monitoring station in Busan were analysed using principal component analysis (PCA) and cumulative semivariogram. It was found that the ozone concentration was deeply associated with the daily emission characteristics or the $O_3$ precusors, and nitrogen dioxide concentration largely depends on the emission strength of regional sources. According to the spatial distribution analysis of ozone and nitrogen dioxide in Busan using cumulative semivariograms, the number of monitoring stations for the secondary air pollution can be reduced in east-west direction, but reinforced in north-south direction to explain the spacial variability. More scientific and rational relocation of air pollution monitoring network in Busan would be needed to investigate pollution status accurately and to plan and implement the pollution reduction policies effectively.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.369-381
• /
• 2009

The objective of this study was to simulate surface air pollutants and to examine reliability of mobile emission for CMAQ system using an observation-based approach in the Seoul Metropolitan Area. Accurate assessment of emissions from mobile source is one of the most debatable parts in the entire emissions inventory process. For this study, we evaluated the official emission inventories of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides ($NO_x$) using an observation-based approach. In this paper, we achieved VOCs/CO and $NO_x$/CO ratios derived from ambient measurements taken from June to August of 2005 in early morning (07:00~08:00). And we compared them with those derived from the emission inventory. Based on these ratios and on the assumption that official inventory of CO emissions is reasonably accurate, mobile emissions of $NO_x$ seem to be slightly overestimated and VOCs emissions significantly underestimated. The results of simulations using modified emission of mobile source were in closer agreement with the observation results except NO. Predicted NO values based on revised $NO_x$ emissions were considerably lower than the observed values. Using modified emission inventories brings the modeled values into closer agreement with observed ozone levels in Seoul. Especially in case of CO, $NO_x$ and VOCs emission, the modified values were suitable for simulating ozone levels in Seoul and Gyeonggi. However, ozone values predicted using the modified emissions were higher than the observed and predicted values based on original emissions. According to the 95 percentile ozone concentrations, emission revised by CO, $NO_x$ and VOCs from mobile source was the best for predicting high concentration.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.634-639
• /
• 2012

The contribution levels of emissions from the heavy-duty vehicles have been continuously increased. Among the exhaust emissions, NOx (nitric oxides) have a ratio of 73.2% and particle matters have a proportion of 61.8% in the heavy-duty vehicles. Also, natural gas vehicles have the 78.9% of total registered local buses in Korea. Therefore, the investigation on emission characteristics of heavy-duty vehicles using CNG and diesel fuel according to the various driving cycles was carried out in this study. In order to analyze the emission characteristics, the five kinds of buses by using CNG and diesel fuels with a after-treatment devices (DPF, p-DPF) was used and five test driving schedules were applied for analysis of emission characteristics in a chassis dynamometer. To analyze the exhaust emission, the exhaust emission and PM analyzers were used. From this study, it is revealed that diesel buses with after-treatment had reduced emission of CO, HC, PM but NOx. Also, NMHC emission of CNG bus have a higher level and NOx level was similar with diesel buses. In addition, emissions in NIER06 with slow average speed shows lowest levels compared to other test modes.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.486-487
• /
• 2005

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.307-318
• /
• 2020

The integrated permit system is applied to class 1 and 2 atmospheric and water pollutant discharge facilities in 19 sectors. The fertilizer sector should receive a permit for a period of four years, from 2019 to 2023. The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences between the Korean Best Available Techniques (BAT) reference document (K-BREF) and the European Union BAT reference document (EU-BREF) in terms of the process and emission characteristics of fertilizer manufacture. K-BREF is written by focusing on products, whereas EU-BREF is produced on focusing on manufacture process. There are five types of BATs(best available techniques economically achievable) in Korea. These BATs selected mainly to recover and reuse raw meterials and save energy. The number of BATs and BAT-AELs(BAT associated emission level) in K-BREF is smaller than that in EU-BREF. We suggest that BATs and those environmental management parameters in Korea need to further reflect the emission characteristics in the fertilizer sector.