• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 1998

Histological damage and growth inhibition of Pinus densiflora were analysed in different areas around the Metropolitan area of Seoul urban (heavily polluted), suburban (lightly polluted), and rural(unpolluted) areas. Soil properties of each area were also investigated. Contact angles of water droplet on needle leaves growing in polluted areas were lower than that in unpolluted area. Transpiration rates of needle leaves growing in polluted areas were more rapid than that in unpolluted area. These results represented that needle leaves growing in polluted areas were more susceptible to water deficit than that growing in unpolluted area was. Growths of annual ring of Pinus densiflora growing in polluted areas were lower than that in unpolluted area. On the other hand, soil pH in polluted areas was lower than that in unpolluted area. That is, the former was more acidified than that the latter was. Ca and Mg contents in polluted areas were lower than that in unpolluted area, while Al contents in polluted areas were higher than that in unpolluted area. These soil properties revealed that the effects of acid precipitates in urban and suburban areas were severer than that in rural area.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.195-201
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate characteristic of ions in rainwater by throughfall, stemflow and rainfall at air polluted area(Kure city industrial city) and non-air polluted area (Higashihiroshima city non industrial city). pH of rainwater in air polluted area were all low as compared with those in non-air polluted area. EC of rainwater in ir polluted area were high in throughfall and stemflow, but there was no difference between both areas in rainfall. The concentration of major ions in rainwater were generally high at air polluted area, especially of $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Cl^{-}$ and $SO_4^{2-}$ in stemflow. But there was little difference in $NH_4^{+}$, and there was also cases had a high concentration in non-air polluted area. By comparison with forest type, in stemflow concentration of ions in coniferous forest were higher than those in broad-leaved, but in throughfall they were higher in mixed forest rather than coniferous forest. There was no correlation between the amount of rainwater and pH, and also EC. $NO_4^{-}$ and $SO_{4}^{2-}$ had high correlations between major ions besides $Na^{+}$ and $NH_{4}^{+}$ in air poluted area.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 1999

In order to examine the contamination levels of trace elements in stream sediments in the Chungnam coal mine area, stream sediment and water samples were collected and analyzed for trace elements. The pH of stream water was neutral or weak-alkaline and the mobility of metal in stream sediments was supposed to be low. From the result of cluster analysis, non-polluted sampling stations can be distinguished from polluted sampling stations influenced by mining activities. The trace element concentrations in sediments from non-polluted zone were considered to be the natural backround concentrations of this area. The trace element concentrations in sediment samples from the mining area were higher than those from non-polluted area, and contaminated area of enriched trace element levels need to be properly managed. From the results of discriminant and regression analyses, concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb AND zN and predicted values of Be, Mo, and Ni in Chungnam coal mine area were found to be lower than those in metal mining areas in Korea.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.309-316
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• 1994

To make regional comparisons of water status of pitch pine, the temporal changes of water status in pitch pine were investigated at different areas; urban Seoul (heavily polluted area), surburb of Seoul (lightly polluted area), and rural area (control). The effects of air pollutants, acid rain and chemical properties of soil on water deficit in pitch pine were also investiaged. Water content of needles growing at polluted areas were usually lower than that at unpolluted area. Water saturation deficit of needles growing at polluted areas were usually higher than that at unpolluted area especially in dry season. These results indicated that water in needles growing at polluted areas were usually more deficient than that at unpolluted area, and were more deficient in April than other months. At polluted areas, the older the needles were, the more quickly transpirated the water in the needle was. At unpolluted areas, however, water in old needles was not so quickly transpirated as those at polluted areas. Water potential of needles of pitch pine seedlings treated with simulated acid rain (SAR) of pH 3.5 decreased more quickly than that of needles treated with SAR of pH 5.6. Loss of water through epicuticular layer was greater in the following order: magnesium deficiency＋100 $\mu$M aluminium>100$\mu$M aluminium>magnesium deficiency>control. In addition to Mg deficiency and Al toxicity, growth decline of pitch pine widely occurring in polluated Seoul could to a large extent be due to cuticle degredation and abnormal vertical distribution of fine roots, which lead to water stress, particularly in dry seasons.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.33-45
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• 1984

In order to investigate the pollution of heavy metal in soil, chinese cabbage and radish collected from Singal interchange (highway area), Anyang stream, Jungryang stream (stream basin) and Chunchun dong, Suweon (non-polluted area), this study was carried out from July to October in 1983. The contents of cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc were determined by atomic absorption spectrqphotometry. Generally in soil, the contents of heavy metals in highway area were lower than that in Anyang stream and Jungryang stream, but higher than that in non-polluted area. (Chunchun dong, Suweon). The vegetable samples of highway area were more polluted compared with that of Chunchun dong, Suweon. The contents of heavy metals in radish were higher than that of chinese cabbage and radish leaves were more polluted than roots.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 7th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Summit Forum on Sustainable Construction and Management
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• pp.353-361
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• 2017

In order to improve the urban ecological environment, the central government has developed a series of water pollution control policies and measures since April 2015, and required local governments to complete the work of the polluted river and lake restoration within specified period. Moreover, the polluted river and lake restoration has been selected as a key evaluation indicator of achievements of the sponge city construction implemented since April 2015. This paper describes how to apply the sponge city construction technology to rehabilitate the polluted rivers and lakes through the polluted water treatment project in Xinghan New Area, Hanzhong and the polluted Huaguping River restoration project in Pingshan District, Shenzhen. The experience and lessons of the polluted river and lake restoration are summed up. Some measures to solve existing problems are put forward.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

Effect of automobile polluted soil with five soil concentration (0 (Control), 25, 50, 75 and 100%) was observed on early seedling growth performance and biomass production of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss). The treatment of 75% automobile polluted soil significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the seedling length (18.60 cm) of A. indica. The automobile polluted soil treatment with the concentration of 50% slightly increased the root length as compared to control. The automobile polluted soil treatment with the concentration of 25, 50, 75 and 100% negatively affected shoot length of A. indica as compared to control. The treatment of all concentration of automobile polluted soil progressively decreased the total leaf area A. indica as compared to control soil treatment. The automobile polluted soils also showed negative effects on biomass production of A. indica. The automobile polluted soil treatment at 25% concentration significantly (p < 0.05) affected shoot, leaves and seedling dry weight of A. indica as compared to control soil treatment. The order of relationship between production of A. indica's seedling dry weight and automobile polluted soil treatment was observed as root > shoot > leaves > total seedling.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.515-523
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• 1998

Oxidative stress by reactive oxygen species (ROS) damages cellular DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids and others causing various diseases such as cancer, arthritis, and heart diseases. 8-Hydroxyguanine (8-OHG) is one of the products formed from DNA or RNA damaged by ROS. Since high amounts of 8-OHG can be excreted in urine, it may serve as a potential biomarker indicating the level of oxidative damage to nucleic acids. Residents in industrial area with severe air pollution are expected to be affected by higher level of oxidative stress from pollutants like polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), etc. Smokers are also expected to be damaged by higher level of oxidative stress from cigarette smoke components like PAHs than non-smokers. To examine if the determination of the urinary concentration of 8-OHG could be used as exposure biomarker for the oxidative stress caused by air-pollutants, this study was performed to determine and compare the urinary concentrations of 8-OHG in smokers and non-smokers, or non-polluted area residents and polluted area residents. Urine samples were collected and purified by a strong cation exchange and cellulose partition column, then analyzed by HPLC with electrochemical detector at 600 ㎷ potential. Concentrations of urinary 8-OHG in non-smokers and smokers of Seoul area college male students were determined as 15.12$\pm$9.68 (ng/mg creatinine) and 34.72$\pm$11.72 (ng/mg creatinine), respectively, showing significantly higher level of 8-OHG in smokers than in non-smokers. Urine samples of elementary school students were collected from Sokcho area, which is known to be non-polluted, and 3 representative polluted areas; Yocheon industrial area, Ulsan urban and Ulsan industrial area. The concentrations of 8-OHG in these samples were 12.42$\pm$8.27 (ng/ mg creatinine, Sokcho), 22.55$\pm$9.12 (ng/mg creatinine, Yocheon), 17.41$\pm$2.30 (ng/mg creatinine, Ulsan urban), 55.04$\pm$39.73 (ng/mg creatinine, Ulsan industrial). Thus, samples from polluted area tend to have higher level of 8-OHG and the levels of Yocheon and Ulsan industrial area were significantly higher than that of Sokcho area. The results indicate that the residents of polluted industrial area or smokers are more severely exposed to oxidative stress probably caused by air pollutants like PAHs. Thus, the determination of urinary 8-OHG concentration could be used as biomarker for the extent of body exposure to oxidative stress caused by various pollutants.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.337-344
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• 1998

To select tolerant species among the Korean major woody plants for restoring disturbed ecosystems by air and soil pollution, we transplanted the seedlings of 56 species in control and polluted sites within Yeocheon industrial complex area, and compared their aboveground growth characteristics such as total branch length, total leaf weight, and maximum photozynthetic rate. Tolerant species growting better in polluted site than in control site was Quercus variabilis, Pinus thunbergii, Q. aliena, P. densiflora, Styrax japonica, Alnus firma, Celtis sinensis, Elaeagnus umbellata, Q. serrata, japonica, Sorbus alnifolia, and Q. acutissimia in local tree occuring within polluted area group (80%), Ailanthus altissima in street tree group (20%), Populus tomentiglandulosa and A. hirsuta var. sibirica in fast growing tree group (50%), Acer ginala and Abies holophylla in late successional tree group (20%), Betulla platyphylla var. japonica, Acer truncatum, A. palmatum, Syringa dilatata, and Rosa multifora in garden tree group (38%), and Q. rubura, and Robinia pseudoacacia in foreign restoring tree group (20%), respectively. The remaining plant species, 37 species (57% of total species), were classified into sensitive species to pollution. Those tolerant species can be utilized for restoration of the degraded ecosystem in this polluted area.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.36-44
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• 1979

대기공해가 잠아의 실용형질에 미치는 영향을 알고자 일본종계통 2품종과 중국종계통 2품종을 오염상 비오염상세, 척상별로 사육하고, 또 상엽 및 잠체중의 S, Cd 함량을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 잠아경과일수는 일본종계통은 비오염구에 비해 오염구가 2.5일 정도 중국종계통은 4일정도 지연 및 불재일하였고 세척구는 중간정도 였다. 2. 잠아 5령극대체중, 견층중, 전견중등은 비오염구, 세척구, 오염구 순으로 성적이 떨어졌다. 3. 화용비율은 상엽처리별로 볼때 일본종은 유의성이 없었으나 중국종은 고도의 유의성을 나타냈다. 4. 오염상엽에 대한 저항성은 일본종계통에 비하여 중국종계통이 현저하게 약하며 동일계통에서도 종간에 차가 있다. 5. 오염지역의 상엽은 비오염지역의 상엽보다 S 및 Cd의 함량이 각각 약 30%, 300%증가하였다. 6. 잠체내 에서도 비오염상 급여구는 S가 0.41%, Cd 0.013ppm 이고 세척상 급여구는 S가 0.52%, Cd가 0.042ppm순으로 높았다. 7. S 및 Cd의 함량이 상엽에 가시적인 피해는 나타내지 않았으나 잠아에는 피해가 심했다. 8. 잠아의 실용형질은 공해로 인한 상엽질의 악화에서 입는 피해보다 상엽에 부착된 분전의 해가 더컸다. 9. 이상을 종합해 보면 분장지대 선정에 있어서 중국종계통은 공해지역을 피할 것이며 부득이한 경우는 상엽을 세척급여하면 현저한 효과를 거둘수 있을 것이다.