• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.787-797
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• 2003

산지계류수에서의 T-N(총질소), T-P(총인) 및 COD(화학적산소요구량)의 농도와 유출부하의 변화를 파악하고 산림의 수질정화기능을 평가하였다. 충청북도에 있는 시험유역은 면적이 92.5 ha이며 59%의 혼효림과 30%의 침엽수림으로 구성되어 있다. 시험유역의 말단에서 평상시는 10일 간격으로 또한, 1개의 강우사상에 대하여 2-6 시간 간격으로 계류수의 유량과 농도를 1년간 측정하였다. 강우시의 평균농도는 COD만이 유의적인 수준(p<0.05)에서 평상시의 농도보다 높게 나타났다. T-N과 T-P의 평균농도는 식생생육기(5-10 월)가 식생 휴지기(11-4 월) 보다 낮게 나타났는데, 이는 식물에 의한 영양염류 흡수와 토양의 온도상승에 따른 미생물의 활동이 증가하기 때문으로 생각된다. 연간유출부하에 대한 강수시 유출부하의 비는 T-N이 87%, T-P가 83%, COD가 87%로서 연간유출부하 중 강우시의 유출부하가 매우 높게 나타났다. 시험유역의 오염부하 원단위는 T-N이 5.9 kg/ha $\cdot$ yr, T-P가 0.15 kg/ha $\cdot$ yr, COD가 23.9 kg/ha $\cdot$ yr로 산정되었다. 또한, 시험유역에 의한 T-N, T-P 및 COD의 연간제거율은 각각 24, 58, 66%로 나타나, 산림유역이 수질정화기능을 발휘하고 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.413-422
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• 2014

국내의 수질정책은 하천으로 방류되는 방류수의 농도를 규제하는 방식에서 총량을 규제하는 방식으로 바뀌었다. 또한 수질오염총량관리제가 실시되어 각 수계의 구역별로 목표 수질이 정해지게 되었다. 수질오염총량관리제가 성공적으로 이행되기 위해서는 점오염원 및 비점오염원으로부터 배출되는 오염물질의 부하량을 정확하게 파악해야 한다. 이에 본 연구는 농촌의 밭지역을 대상으로 27회의 강우유출수 모니터링을 실시하였으며, 모니터링 결과를 활용하여 밭지역으로부터 배출되는 오염물질의 부하량 및 원단위 등을 산정하였다. 그 결과, 유기물질인 BOD 및 $COD_{Mn}$의 경우 오염물질의 평균 유출농도는 10.5mg/L와 19.6mg/L로 나타났으며, 영양염류인 TN과 TP는 4.5mg/L 및 2.4mg/L로 분석되었다. 한편, 국립환경과학원에서 제시한 원단위 산정 공식에 의해 산정된 원단위는 BOD $31.8kg/km^2/yr$, $COD_{Mn}$ $56.7kg/km^2/yr$, TOC $8.5kg/km^2/yr$, TSS $560.9kg/km^2/yr$, TN과 TP는 각각 $8.3kg/km^2/yr$ 및 $5.1kg/km^2/yr$로 산정되었다. 이러한 모니터링 결과는 연구자마다 그 결과 값에 차이가 있는 것으로 밝혀졌으며, 이에 정확한 원단위 산정을 위해서는 장기적인 모니터링이 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.792-798
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• 2013

In this study, we have carried out measurement for exhaust emissions such as particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxide and carbon oxide from main engines installed on the training ships, HANBADA and HANNARA, of Korea Maritime University. In particular, we considered the two conditions; at arrivals/departures and at constant speed of about 160 rpm. The result showed that the concentration of PM at the ship arrival was 2.41mg/m3. On the other hand, when the ship is on the navigation condition, the concentration of PM was 1.34 mg/m3. The concentrations of nitrogen oxide and carbon oxide were measured in the range of 1,120~1,600 ppm and 320~1,450 ppm at the arrival and departure at the port. Under constant speed condition, the concentrations of nitrogen oxide and carbon oxide were 913~1,470 ppm and 73~460 ppm, respectively. Generally, the concentrations of exhaust emissions under the arrivals and departures were higher than that of constant speed condition. These results imply that the ship operation skill to prevent a sudden load change of main engine is needed during the arrival or departure. In addition, it means that the difference of exhaust emissions according to navigation conditions has to be considered when the reduction technologies of air pollutants from ships are developed.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2000년도 창립총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.28-32
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• 2000

There are many different chemical pollutants that originate from atmospheric deposition and transportational activities along roads. This paper review the characteristics of heavy metal pollution, relationships between land use and pollutant load in urban area. Four land use areas in Seoul were selected for sampling and study with different characteristics during the period from April 1998 and February 2000. A series of studies have been carried out concerning the physicochemical characteristics of the sediments settling down in a gully pot to evaluate the contamination for heavy metals. The sediment samples from gully pots were characterized by the chemical extraction experiments. Sediments are characterized by very high concentrations of heavy metals, probably because of a long-term accumulation of vehicle- and industrial-related pollutants. The characteristics of heavy metal pollution show that each land use has different sources of contaminations. Mean Zn concentration in Yeouido and Junggu areas is 2-3 times higher than those in Dobonggu area. This suggests that Zn may be derived from the source of automobile traffic. The mean concentrations of Cu and Cr are very significantly high in Junggu and Gurogu areas and indicate that the industrial activities may contribute to the accumulation of Cu and Cr in sediments. The low Pb levels throughout the whole study areas in Seoul can be accounted for the use of unleaded gasoline since 1987.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.281-290
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• 2016

In the northernmost basin of the Bukhan River, pollution sources can have a concentrated distribution. In these basins, small streams show low flow with various and rapid water quality change in low pollutants load. Therefore, a water quality improvement plan of small streams and main stem will be necessary to establish the characteristics of small streams. This study selected a representative Hwacheon-gun in the northernmost basin of the Bukhan River. Hydro analysis was performed with GIS tools using DEM. A total of 152 small streams were listed. A total of 51 survey locations were selected after applying the selection criteria. Flow rate and water qualities were investigated. Pollution sources and pollutants loads were calculated for each basin. Pollution grade and typological classification were performed by cluster analysis using standardized environmental condition factors. As a result, G04, G01, H01 locations were found to have the worst pollution grades whereas J01, P01, and P02 had less pollution. Typological analyses were able to classify six types for the surveyed small streams. An effective water quality improvement plan was obtained based on the results of pollution grade and typological analysis using environmental condition factors of this study.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyse the runoff characteristics of non-point pollution sources in an urban watershed and determine the effectiveness of newly installed riverwater treatment system to reduce water pollution caused by storm runoff in the urban watershed. The results of this study showed that the levels of BOD5 and suspended solid were highly influenced by first-flush effect and the pollutant load of those two parameters were also very high in the urban watershed. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of riverwater treatment system to reduce the levels of BOD5 and suspended solid was relatively high, but those to reduce the levels of T-N and T-P was low, which needs some additional unit treatment process such as filtration and coagulation. Nonetheless, the riverwater treatment system tested was relatively simple in installation and operation, effective in removing many water pollutants and, most importantly, does not require much space as other treatment systems, so it could be an attractive alternative option to reduce riverwater pollution caused by storm runoff in urban watersheds.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2006

The water of rivers and lakes in Korea is the main sources for drinking, industrial and agricultural purposes. However, various pollutants washed-off from watershed area make worse and worse the water quality. Particularly, the changes of land uses in watershed area is the main pollutant sources in many cases in Korea, it is usually called to nonpoint pollution sources. In this reason, the Ministry of Environment are programing the total maximum daily load for four major large rivers in order to improve the water quality by controlling the watershed area. Therefore, this research was performed to estimate the total pollutant input from watershed areas to lakes of Ganwol and Boonam located in Chungnamdo. The AGNPS water quality model and monitoring were used to estimate the pollutant loading rates with unit pollutant concentration of each land use. The main landuse of the research area are forest, wet and dry paddy field and small urban area. The research shows that the pollutant sources in Ganwol and Boonam lakes are from the various landuses. In this manuscripts, the results will provide important informations for mitigating the pollutants to the lakes.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2012

This study was carried out to runoff characteristics in an upland livestock manure compost. Irrigation, runoff and water quality data in the upland were analyzed periodically from May to November in 2011. The observed amount of rainfall, irrigation, runoff for the experimental upland during the investigation period were 1,299.7 mm, 32.0 mm, and 340.7 mm, respectively. The concentrations of T-N in compost and non-compost upland during study period were ranged from 2.09 mg/L to 6.66 mg/L and from 1.99 mg/L to 6.01 mg/L, respectively. which was generally higher than the quality standard of agricultural water (1.0 mg/L). The concentrations of T-P in compost and non-compost upland during study period were ranged from 0.069 mg/L to 0.525 mg/L and from 0.018 mg/L to 0.152 mg/L, respectively. The runoff pollutants loadings of T-N and T-P in compost upland were 10.05 kg/ha and 0.56 kg/ha, respectively. The runoff pollutants loadings of T-N and T-P in non-compost upland were 9.09 kg/ha and 0.26 kg/ha, respectively. The runoff pollutants loadings in T-N and T-P from this study were much lower values than the pollutant loadings of T-N and T-P from the upland published by the others studies. Runoff pollution loadings due to the upland field in order to identify the characteristics of various crops, farming methods and a variety of targets taking into account regional characteristics by conducting continuous monitoring runoff load estimate will be required.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.768-777
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• 2009

The characteristics of stormwater runoff was examined on distinct types of agricultural and industrial area in Lake Sihwa watershed. During rainfall event, the peak concentrations of SS, $COD_{Mn}$, and TP were observed after 6~11 hours of rainfall in agricultural areas. Whereas, the peak concentrations occurred within the first one hour after rainfall and then the highest concentration of NPS pollutants sharply decreased, showing strong first flush effect in industrial areas. The strong first flush effect of suspended solid was apparent in agricultural areas, while those of organic matters and nutrients were clear in industrial areas. The cumulative load curves for NPS pollutants showed above the $45^{\circ}$ straight line, indicating that first flush effect occurred in industrial areas. The mean SS EMC values of agricultural areas ranged from 60~598 mg/L (Avg. 285 mg/L), it was higher value when compare to other areas. While the mean $COD_{Mn}$, TN, and TP EMCs values of industrial areas were shown the highest values as 67.7 mg/L, 12.1 mg/L and 2.1 mg/L respectively.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.296-302
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• 2017

일반적으로 주차장은 아스팔트나 콘크리트 등 불투수층으로 조성되기 때문에 강우시 각종 오염물질이 수계로 배출됨에 따라 비점오염원 배출 부하량을 증가시키는 중요한 요인이 된다. 불투수층으로 인한 물순환장애 및 비점오염원 관리를 효과적으로 제어하고 관리할 수 있는 저영향개발(Low Impact Development)의 적용 및 필요성이 대두되고 있으며, 환경부는 개발사업에 대해 저영향개발 기법의 적용을 의무화하는 방안을 추진 중에 있다. 본 연구에서는 효율적인 빗물 및 비점오염원 관리를 위한 저영향개발 기법의 하나인 투수성 주차장에서 발생하는 강우 유출수의 오염물질 농도, 비점오염부하량, 초기세척현상 및 강우유출지연효과를 불투수성 주차장과 비교 분석하여 향후 투수성 주차장 설계시 기초자료로 활용할 수 있도록 하였다.