• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.212-219
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• 2009

Emission characteristics of air pollutants from three commercially operating cement kilns co-burning waste were investigated. The major heavy metals emitted were mercury (Hg), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) Removal efficiency of the bag filter was above 98.5% for heavy metals (except Hg), and above 60% for Hg. Higher fractions of heavy metals entering the bag filter were speciated to cement kiln dust. On average, 3.3% of the -heavy metals of medium and low toxicity (Pb, Ni, and Cr) entering the bag filter were released into the atmosphere. Among highly toxic heavy metals, 0.14% of Cd, 0.01% of As, and 40% of Hg entering the bag filter were released into the atmosphere. In passing through the bag filter, the proportion of oxidized Hg in all cases increased. Emission variations of hazardous air pollutants in cement kilns tested were related to raw materials, fuel, waste feed and operating conditions. Volatile organic compounds detected in gas emissions were toluene, acrylonitrile benzene, styrene, 1,3-butadiene, and methylene chloride. Although hazardous air pollutants in emissions from cement kilns co-burning waste were within the existing emission limit, efforts are required to minimize their levels.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.94-99
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• 2016

최근 보다 높은 수준의 하천 수질 관리를 위해 비점오염물질 관리와 관련된 연구 및 사업이 지속적으로 수행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 대규모 도시를 통과하는 도시하천의 수질관리방안 마련을 목적으로 본류와 연계된 5개 지천에 대한 강우시 비점오염물질 유출특성 분석을 수행하였다. 모니터링은 강우 전(Phase I), 강우 1시간 이후(Phase II), 강우 6시간 이후(Phase III)의 3단계로 수행되었으며, BOD, COD, TN, TP, SS 등의 수질항목과 유량이 측정되었다. 강우 시 5개 지천 모두에서 비점오염물질의 농도 및 유입부하량 증가가 확인되었으며, 상대적으로 우선 관리 대상 지천과 지천별 우선 관리 비점오염물질이 선정되었다. 해당 연구결과는 향후 도심지역 비점오염물질 모니터링 방안 및 점감시설 설치 등을 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 예정이다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.151-169
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• 2015

Objectives: The deleterious effects of air pollution on various health outcomes have been demonstrated. However, few studies have examined the effects of air pollution on liver enzyme levels. Methods: Blood samples were drawn up to three times between 2008 and 2010 from 545 elderly individuals who regularly visited a community welfare center in Seoul, Korea. Data regarding ambient air pollutants (particulate matter ${\leq}2.5{\mu}m$ [$PM_{2.5}$], nitrogen dioxide [$NO_2$], ozone [$O_3$], carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide) from monitoring stations were used to estimate air pollution exposure. The effects of the air pollutants on the concentrations of three liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], and ${\gamma}$-glutamyltranspeptidase [${\gamma}$-GTP)]) were evaluated using generalized additive and linear mixed models. Results: Interquartile range increases in the concentrations of the pollutants showed significant associations of $PM_{2.5}$ with AST (3.0% increase, p=0.0052), ALT (3.2% increase, p=0.0313), and ${\gamma}$-GTP (5.0% increase, p=0.0051) levels; $NO_2$ with AST (3.5% increase, p=0.0060) and ALT (3.8% increase, p=0.0179) levels; and $O_3$ with ${\gamma}$-GTP (5.3% increase, p=0.0324) levels. Significant modification of these effects by exercise and alcohol consumption was found (p for interaction <0.05). The effects of air pollutants were greater in non-exercisers and heavy drinkers. Conclusions: Short-term exposure to air pollutants such as $PM_{2.5}$, $NO_2$, and $O_3$ is associated with increased liver enzyme levels in the elderly. These adverse effects can be reduced by exercising regularly and abstinence from alcohol.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.479-488
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 비점오염물질을 효과적으로 처리하기 위해 주암호 상수원 상류지역에 위치한 복내 바이오파크 인공습지를 대상으로 2006년 1월부터 2010년 12월까지 5년간 수질정화효율을 평가하였다. 월별 오염물질의 처리효율을 분석한 결과 BOD는 -19.11~37.72% 범위, COD는 -30.14~27.38% 범위로 BOD 보다 상대적으로 월별 편차가 높게 나타났고 SS는 -54.07~64.82% 범위로 나타났다. 그리고 계절별 오염물질의 처리효율을 분석한 결과 TN의 처리효율은 봄과 겨울이 5년간 평균 36.8%보다 높게 나타났으며, TP의 평균 처리효율은 다른 오염물질에 비해 상대적으로 낮았지만, 계절적 영향을 거의 받지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.477-485
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• 2013

The major source of harmful air pollutants in Korea have been shifted as economy grows. Particulate matter(PM) and Sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$) emitted from industries and coal-fired domestic sectors were important pollutants in 1970's and later industrializing period of Korea. Then the characteristic of pollution was changed into so-called "developed country type pollution". Vehicles have been responsible for significant amount of Nitric oxide ($NO_x$) pollution and consequent Ozone formation in urban area since 1990's. Variety of control measures have been introduced to deal with the vehicle emissions in Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA). Emission control technologies have successfully reduced pollutants from vehicles. Three-way catalyst for vehicles fueled by gasoline and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), for example, has achieved large amount of pollutants. Compressed natural gas (CNG) urban bus have penetrated existing diesel bus market and reduces PM and $NO_x$ emissions in many Korean cities. However, diesel vehicles are still reaming as a critical emission source of urban area. Diesel vehicles gain more popularity than ever because of their better fuel efficiency and driving power. Unfortunately, it is widely known that the pollutant emissions of diesel vehicles are much larger than those of gasoline and LPG vehicles. In this note, we briefly introduce the trends of emission control strategies which are accomplished by automotive industries for about last ten years. Emission regulation, cleaner fuel, diesel particulate filter (DPF) and other measures are discussed from technical as well as legislative perspectives.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.8-23
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• 1994

During the period from Mar., 1991 to Feb., 1992 66 tSP samples were collected by Hi volume air sampler at 1 sampling site in Seoul and the amount of concentration of 21 components(SO$_{4}$$^{2-}$, NO$_{3}$$^{-}$, NH$_{4}$$^{+}$, Cl$^{-}$, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, It Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pt Si, Ti, Zn, Zr ) were measured. And monthly and seasonal variation were surveyed and the principal component analysis( PCA ) were carried out with respect to these amount of pollutants, minimum of visibility and radiation on a horizontal surface. The total amount of soluble ion in water was high in order o(SO$_{4}$$^{2-}$> NO$_{3}$$^{-}$> N%'>Cl$^{-}$ and metal ion was high in order of Na> Ca>Si> Fe> Al> K> Mg> Zn> Pb> Cu>Ti> Mn > Ba> Cr> Zr> Ni> Cd. There was Seasonal variation in concentration for SO$_{4}$$^{2-}$, NH$_{4}$$^{+}$, Cl$^{-}$, Na, Al, Ca, Bt Mg, Fe and Si. It was assumed that the components of the highest concentration on April were depend on yellow sand and the frequency of wind velocity and direction. As the results of PCA, the amount of pollution components was able to characterized with two principal components(Z$_{1}$, Z$_{2}$ ). The first principal components Z$_{1}$ was considered to be a factor indicating the pollutants originated from natural generation and The second principal components Z$_{2}$ was considered to be a factor indicating the pollutants originated from human work. The monthly concentration of pollutants in ISP, minimum of visibility and radiation on a horizontal surface was possible to evaluate by the use of these two principal components Z$_{1}$ and Z$_{2}$ .

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2014

Objectives: The principal aim of this study was to compare the concentrations of gaseous pollutants emitted in enclosed pig buildings between different rates of general ventilation and determine the variations in the patterns of gaseous pollutants as affected by ventilation rate. Materials and Methods: The experiment was performed in the growing/finishing room($20.0m{\times}12.0m{\times}3.0m$) of a pig confinement building located on the experimental farm of Seoul National University. The conditions of the general ventilation rate for three treatments were 30%($4.12m^3s^{-1}$), 50%($6.87m^3s^{-1}$) and 70%($9.61m^3s^{-1}$). The data presented in the study were collected overa total of 45 days, 15 days for each of the three treatments from March to May 2011. A total of six air samplings were taken at 1.5m above the floor of the pig building. The environmental agents measured in the pig building were ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and odor concentration index for gaseous pollutants with temperature and hydrogen sulfide for thermal factors. Results: There were significant differences in the ammonia and odor concentration index in the pig building among the three general ventilation rate conditions(p<0.05), whereas hydrogen sulfide did not show a significant difference among three conditions of general ventilation rate(p>0.05). As the general ventilation rate applied to the pig building increases, it appears that all the indoor environmental agents measured in this study simultaneously decrease. Conclusions: The gaseous pollutants significantly affected by the general ventilation rate in pig building were ammonia and odor concentration index(p<0.05). However, it was found that hydrogen sulfide and thermal factors, temperature and relative humidity were not influenced significantly by variation in the general ventilation rate.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.128-133
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• 2006

The paved areas in nonpoint source are highly polluted landuses because of high imperviousness and high pollutant mass emissions from vehicle activities. Particularly, the metal pollutants are a big issue in the paved area. It is usually washed-off during storms by adsorbing on sediments or soluble status. Therefore, this research was achieved for understanding the characteristics of metal pollutants in stormwater runoff in highways. Five monitoring sites were equipped with an automatic rainfall gage and an automatic flow meter. This manuscripts will summarize the washoff characteristics of metal pollutants and its concentration changes during storms. Usually first flush phenomenon was observed for all of the storm events and visibly confirmed with hydro- and polluto-graphs. Also it was coincided with the tendency of particulates and organic matters. The decrease rate per total reduced amount for metals during initial 30-min storm duration was obtained on 80%. The result may be able to use for determining the economical treatment criteria for stormwater runoff in highways.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.132-140
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• 1998

진해·마산만은 오염부하량의 측정자료가 미흡하기 때문에 오염부하량에 대한 정량적인 분석·평가연구가 수행될 수 없었을 뿐만 아니라, 연안의 수질변화를 예측하는 수질모형의 다각적인 보정·검증작업이 제한적으로 이루어 질 수 밖에 없었다. 본 연구에서는 진해·마산만 22개 하천과 해양방류관을 통한 오염부하량을 측정하고, 해역내 3개 지점에서 오염물질 용출률을 측정하였다. 마산·창원 유역의 오염부하량은 진해·마산만 전체 오염부하량의 80∼90% 정도를 차지하고 있으며, 해양방류관에 의한 오염부하량은 20∼25%를 차지한다. 또한, 퇴적물로부터의 오염부하량이 유역 오염부하량과 대등하기 때문에, 퇴적물로부터 용출되는 오염물질량은 하계 수질악화 및 동계 수질양호의 계절적인 변화를 결정하는 주요한 인자 중의 하나로 파악되었다.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 1999

진해·마산만의 장기 수질변동을 예측할 수 있는 평면 2차원 수질계산 모형을 구성하였다. 유역내 22개 하천의 오염부하량 및 해역내 16개 정점의 수질을 월별, 계절별로 관측 (1995.5~1996.4)하여 모형의 보정·검증자료로 이용하였으며 저면퇴적물로부터의 오염물질 용출률을 측정하여 저층에서의 지역적 오염편차를 반영하였다. 구성된 모형을 적용하여 하계의 농도분포를 모의한 결과는 다음과 같다. 하천을 통한 오염물질 유입지점의 오염도가 매우 높으며, 외해방향으로 급격하게 농도가 감소하는 경향을 보이고 있다. 특히 마산만으로 유입되는 다량의 오염물질은 해역의 정체성으로 대부분이 침전되어 저질의 오염을 가중시키고 있다. 방류수역에서는 질소 및 인이 미처리상태로 방류되기 때문에, 해역의 부영양화가 진행되고 있는 것으로 파악되었다.