• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.68-77
• /
• 2003

강원도 강릉시에 위치하지만 성격이 서로 상이한 남대천과 연곡천 하구와 연안역에서 발생하고 있는 오염현상의 원인을 규명하기 위하여 하천의 수질과 동해 연안으로 방류되는 오염물질의 량을 2002년 4월부터 11월까지 월 1회씩 7회에 걸쳐 조사하였다 남대천은 하천수질 기준 II-V 등급으로 변화가 큰 반면, 연곡천은 거의 I, II 등급 수질을 유지하고 있다. 상ㆍ하류간 변화는 물론 시기별 변화폭도 연곡천보다 남대천이 크다. 동해연안으로 배출되는 오염물질의 량도 유량이 평균 1.4배 정도 많고 오염물질의 농도도 더 높은 남대천이 연곡천보다 BOD는 15.5배, COD는 2.6배, 총질소는 1.7배, 총인은 6.9배 더 많이 배출시키고 있어 연안생태계에 미치는 영향도 클 것으로 사료된다.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2010

Ammonia ($NH_3$) is an important pollutant that plays a key role in several air pollution problems. It can create odors and have negative impacts on animal and human health. The largest source contributing to Ammonia emission is the agricultural production, in particular animal operation, in Korea. The present study evaluated flux profiles of Ammonia emitted from the cattle housing using a dynamic flux chamber. We have developed the emission factor of Ammonia from the cow housing. Analysis of Ammonia flux variation was made with respect to manure surface temperature, pH, and ammonium concentration. Ammonia has been measured from calf and cattle housing between October and December in 2007. In the fall, average Ammonia flux from calf and cattle housing was estimated 1.342(${\pm}0.728$) and 1.323(${\pm}0.655$)mg/$m^2$/min, respectively. In the winter, average Ammonia flux was estimated 0.889(${\pm}0.362$)mg/$m^2$/min from the calf housing and 0.925(${\pm}0.511$)mg/$m^2$/min from the cattle housing. The correlation coefficient between Ammonia flux and ammonium concentration showed stronger relationship than the relationship between manure pH and temperature. In the fall, Ammonia emission factor from calf and cattle housing was estimated 4.46(${\pm}2.39$) and 6.03(${\pm}3.27$)kg-$NH_3$/animal/yr, respectively. In the winter, average Ammonia flux was estimated 2.88(${\pm}1.53$) from the calf housing and 4.24({$\pm}1.63$)kg-$NH_3$/animal/yr from the cattle housing.

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.25-31
• /
• 2009

To predict pollutants during the flood and dry season in Gwangyang Bay, the net-fluxes and pollutant material budgets of COD, T-N, and T-P were calculated in Gwangyang Bay using a 2-D hydrodynamic model. Calculating the net-flux for each area in Gwangyang Bay showed that the net-fluxes in regions IV, V, and VII were increasing, but those of regions II, III, and VI were decreasing. In budget calculations for COD, T-N, and T-P in Gwangyang Bay, it was estimated that during the dry season the COD is approximately 1.6 times higher than during the flood season. The T-N during the flood season is approximately 7 times higher than during the dry season. However, the material budget for T-P in Gwangyang Bay predicted that it is almost nonexistent. Moreover, the central part of Gwangyang Bay (Region IV) has the highest material budget of overall pollutants.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• 제16권E2호
• /
• pp.85-96
• /
• 2000

The concentrations of Pb, Mn, Al and Na were measured from a total of 26 snow samples collected from a 1.5-m deep snow pit in Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, at the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. Ore sampling location is great concern, because of its proximity to the southern extremity of south America, a candidate for the source regions of pollutant aerosols entering Antarctica. The mean concentrations of Pb and Mn were found to be 4.97 pg g(sup)-1 and 20.6 pgg(sup)-1, respectively. These concentrations levels are similar to those reported for recent snow at other Antarctic sites with pronounced spring maxima for both metals. Contributions form natural sources are estimated to be minor (∼16%) for Pb. For Mn, on the other hand, contribution from rock and soil dusts is found to be very important. Excess Pb over Pb from natural sources is likely to be anthropogenic, especially from South Americal. Our results show that yearly Pb fallout flux is much greater in Antarctic coastal areas than at other Antarctic locations far from the coast , indicating that the transport and deposition patterns of pollutant aerosols are not simple is Antarctica. It is also suggested that the recycling of anthropogenic Pb in seawater to the atmosphere could significantly contribute to the Pb fallout flux in the Antarctic coastal regions.

• 유기물자원화
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.64-78
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 염분이 높은 단무지폐수를 대상으로 새로운 침지형 막분리 장치를 제작하고 기존의 소수성이 강한 폴리에틸렌 재질의 비개질 분리막과 이 소수성 분리막에 이온빔을 조사하여 친수성을 높여준 표면개질 분리막을 사용한 성능실험에서 시간에 따른 플럭스(flux)와 압력 변화, 유기물과 부유물질, 영양염류 등 오염물질의 제거 특성을 알아보았다. 간헐식 비개질막을 사용한 실험 결과, 합성폐수와는 달리 실제폐수에서는 투과 압력이 급격히 증가하여 심한 파울링(fouling) 현상이 일어남을 알 수 있으며 이는 실제폐수에 존재하는 첨가제 등 고분자물질과 염분에 의한 영향으로 추정된다. 약품세정 후의 막과 물세정 후의 막의 압력과 플럭스 변화 실험에서 오염된 막을 재생하기 위해 약품세정이 반드시 필요하며 막 운전시 연속식보다는 간헐식으로 운전하는 것이 성능이 더 우수함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 개질막의 경우가 비개질막의 경우보다 파울링에 도달하는 시간이 약 6배가 크므로 개질막의 경우가 막의 교체 비용을 1/6로 줄일 수 있다. 표면개질 분리막과 비개질 분리막 모두 처리수는 대체로 양호한 수질을 나타내고 있으며 특히 SS 제거, 질소 및 인 제거에도 탁월한 성능을 나타내고 있다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.19-29
• /
• 2001

Atmospheric concentrations of acidic pollutant were measured by the 4 stage filter pak method at Chunchon and by the 3 stage filter pack method at Seoul and Anmyon-do from January to December 1998. The sample was collected for 24 hours on every Wednesday. Concentrations of particulate matters were highest at Anmyon-do. The particulate concentration was much higher during the warm season than other seasons. While the particulate concentration was higher during the warm season, the concentration of gaseous matter was higher in winter. Dry deposition flux was calculated by using reported deposition velocities and concentration of pollutants measured in this study. The dry deposition velocities used in this study for SO$_2$, SO$_{4}^{2}$, HNO$_3$,NO$_{3}^{-}$ and NH$_3$ were 0.29, 0.15, 2.08( 2.13 only for Anmyon-do), 0.20 and 1.00cm/sec, respectively. At Chunchon, annual sulfur flux originated from dry deposition was 384 kg/$textrm{km}^2$, and the flux from wet deposition was 782kg/$textrm{km}^2$. Dry deposition of sulfur was 33% of total sulfur deposition. The annual nitrogen flux originated from dry deposition was 1,892kg/$textrm{km}^2$. And the flux from wet deposition was 1,066kg/$textrm{km}^2$. Dry deposition of nitrogen was 64% of total nitrogen deposition. Dry deposition as well as wet deposition have to be considerd in the study on acidification of environment such as soil or watershed.

• 환경위생공학
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.87-104
• /
• 2007

The objective of this study is to estimate the load of pollutants caused from the forest area among non-point pollutants within the Juam lake. The surveyed forest area was classified into broad-leaved, conifer, mixed and herbage area by forest tree type. Water quality and flux were investigated under rainfall and non-rainfall, respectively. Then, pollutant loading was evaluated by using the values of unit pollutant loading factor of each point and area of forest zone. Water quality analysis results of runoff by forest tree types were as follows. - Annual BOD, $COD_{Mn}\;and\;COD_{Cr}$ concentration of runoff in conifer area was high, and particle and biological recalcitrant compounds were flowed highly. - SS, T-N and T-P concentration was high in runoff from broad-leaved area, and biological degradable compounds was flowed. - Water quality of water from valley was maintained good under non-rainfall and could be utilized as fresh drinking water. Through water quality standard investigation, a countermeasure establishment was necessary to secure a good quality of drinking water - BOD, $COD_{Mn},\;and\;COD_{Cr}$ concentration of Bo-sung river was higher 1.5 times than other 2 streams, and because of high T-N, and T-P concentration in Songgwang stream, the management for this was necessary.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.149-157
• /
• 1999

Surface sediment samples collected from the eastern half of the Yellow Sea proper in 1998 were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), ubiquitous pollutants. Total PAHs concentrations varied from 1.0 to $320.5ng\;g^{-1}$ dw. Relatively high concentrations of PAHs were found in the muddy central part of the Yellow Sea. Sedimentary total PAHs concentrations in the Yellow Sea proper were similar to those of Californian offshores and the central Mediterranean Sea, albeit an order of magnitude lower than the Yellow Sea nearshore areas. Phenanthene/Anthracene concentration ratio of PAHs in bottom sediments suggested that pyrolytic PAHs might be dominant over petrogenic ones in the eastern Yellow Sea. Downcore depth distributions of PAHs from the relatively undisturbed core samples of the central Yellow Sea showed decreasing PAHs concentrations with core depths and suggested that the Yellow Sea has been increasingly exposed to PAH for decades. Annual total PAH flux to these sediments was estimated to be $166{\mu}gm^{-2}yr^{-1}$ in the central part of the Yellow Sea for the recent decade.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제30권5호
• /
• pp.436-447
• /
• 2019

The circulating fluidized bed boiler has an advantage that can burn a variety of fuels from low-grade fuel to coal. In this study, for the design of a circulating fluidized bed boiler using wood pellets, a circulating fluidized bed combustion test device using no external heater was manufactured and used. According to the increase of co-combustion rate with wood pellet, combustion fraction and heat flux by combustor height were measured and pollutant emission characteristics were analyzed. In terms of combustibility, the effect on primary and secondary air ratio were also studied. In addition, as a result of analysis of the effect of corrosive nanoparticles on the combustion of coal with wood pellets, it was confirmed that coal is mostly composed of Ca and S, whereas wood pellets are mostly composed of K, Cl, and Na.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.99-106
• /
• 2006

Aircraft measurements have been executed for the purpose of monitoring the long range transported air pollution and estimation of air pollutant in/out-flux over the Yellow sea. Total 74 missions of measurements have been done since 1997, mainly in spring and fall. The main study domain was over $124^{\circ}$E $/sim$ $124^{\circ}$E, $35^{\circ}$N $/sim$ $37^{\circ}$N below 3,000m. In long-term trends, mixing ratios of $SO_{2}$N were around 2 ppbv expect in summer ( < 1 ppbv). NOx exhibited 24 ppbv and have no clear annual trends over the Yellow Sea. The concentrations of 03 were 51, 58, 41 ppbv in spring, summer and fall-winter, respectively. Backward trajectory was performed for three days to investigate the source regions of the air mass. Six regions were divided around Korea peninsular centering at $36^{\circ}$N, $126^{\circ}$E. I, II, III, IV and V regions represents in sequence northeast China and Siberia, Sandong peninsula and Balhae gulf, Sanghi and southern China, the south Pacific included Jeju island and the East sea included Japan. L region correspond to the airmass from Korea peninsula. Influx of $SO_{2}$N was approximately five times higher than outflux in yearly flux variation and showed a decreasing long-term trend since 1998. NOx outflux was average 0.095 ton/km/hr and three times higher than $SO_{2}$ outflux. In/out flux of 03 showed even distribution in yearly basis except 2002 (influx 5.45 ton/km/hr). The transported amounts from I, II, III regions were much higher than those from other region. In seasonal flux variation, influx levels of gas phases were the lowest in summer and the levels gradually increased from fall toward spring. As a result, transport of pollutants begins from fall and prevails in winter and spring.