• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.2
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• pp.122-138
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• 1984

Degree of difficulty in policy problems depends on a gap between present situation and desiriable situation. It is a international common sense that Agricultural policy is performed on the basis of protectionism, but yet it seems to be a hot issue in Korea, and there are many difficult problems in agricultural policies. Natural of these problems is interdependent. and a more efficient approach to these is to be systematic one. Therefore, in this paper, as a basic study to make more desirable agricultural policy, a basic structure for the systemization of goals or targets of Agricultural policy is studied. Because value judgement is much difficult matter in normative approach, basic goals of agricultural policy used in this study are selected among collective preference indicators which "are being required" or "should be required" clearly in our society (Korea), and the context of recent agricultural policies history in OCED countries is referenced to gain this goals in Agricultural policies.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.1-34
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• 2020

Purpose Due to the complexity of policy environment in modern society, it is accepted as common basics of policy design to mix up a variety of policy instruments aiming the multiple functions. However, under the current situation of written-down policy specification, not only the public officers but also the policy researchers cannot easily grasp such frameworks as policy portfolio. The purpose of this study is to develop "Policy Attributes Taxonomy" identifying and classifying the public programs to help making decisions for allocative efficiency with effectiveness-based information. Design/methodology/approach To figure out the main scheme and classification criteria of Policy Attributes Taxonomy which represents characteristics of public policies, previous theories and researches on policy components were explored. In addition, to test taxonomic feasibility of certain information system, a set of "Feasibility Standards" was drawn from "requirements for well-organized criteria" of eminent taxonomy literatures. Finally, current government classification system in the area of social service was tested to visualize the application of Taxonomy and Standards. Findings Program Taxonomy Schemes were set including "policy goals", "policy targets", "policy tools", "logical relation" and "delivery system". Each program and project could be condensed into these attributes, making their design more easily distinguishable. Policy portfolio could be readily made out by extracting certain characteristics according to this scheme. Moreover, this taxonomy could be used for rearrangement of present "Program Budget System" or estimation of "Basic Income".

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.293-319
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• 2022

By analyzing the adaptive capacity, market formation and policy direction as functional areas of Technological Innovation System (TIS), the article evaluates the progress of renewable energy transition in the Maldives, with the inclusion of ideas from Mauritius and Cabo Verde. On the policy direction in the Maldives, technology roadmaps produced with assistance from International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and Asian Development Bank (ADB) are evaluated. Although there are inducing factors such as the Solar Risk Management Initiative, the progress of energy transition is hindered by the lack of technical capacity and local value chain. The findings indicate the importance of facilitating and establishing industry and knowledge networks, incorporating innovation policies, greater involvement of the local private sector along with international investors, and taking water-energy nexus to achieve complementary targets. The study adds value to knowledge by offering a simplified TIS framework, with a current insight of the energy transition in Small Island Developing States with a focus on the Maldives.

• Journal of Korea Society of Waste Management
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.785-798
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• 2018

Since the Framework Act on Resource Circulation was enacted in 2018, the government should establish a National Resource Circulation Master Plan every 10 years, which defines mid- to long-term policy goals and directions on the efficient use of resources, prevention of waste generation and recycling of waste. In addition, we must set mid- to long-term and stepwise targets for the final disposal rate, recycling rate (based on sorted recyclable materials and recycled products), and energy recovery rate of wastes, and relevant measures should be taken to achieve these targets. However, the current industrial waste (IW) statistics have limitations in setting these targets because the final disposal rate and recycling rate are calculated as the ratio of the recycling facility input to the IW generation. In this study, the material flow from the collection stage to the final disposal of industrial waste was analyzed based on the generation of 2016, and the actual recycling amount, actual incineration amount, final disposal amount and their rates were calculated. The effect on the recycling, incineration and final disposal rates was examined by changing the treatment method of nonhazardous wastes from the factory and construction and demolition wastes, which were put in landfills in 2016. In addition, the variation of the waste treatment charge was investigated according to the change of treatment methods. The results of this study are expected to be effectively used to establish the National Resource Circulation Master Plan and industrial waste management policy in the future in South Korea.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.115-142
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• 2010

The voluntary mid-term greenhouse gas(GHG) emission reduction targets for 2020 among major developed and developing countries were evaluated by using the global computable general equilibrium(CGE) model. The GHG emissions of developed countries were estimated to be reduced by 14.0% from 1990 level, which implies that the GHG reduction targets of developed countries should be strengthened to reach agreement in future post-Kyoto negotiations. The voluntary participation of developing countries for GHG emissions reduction contributed to global GHG emissions reduction by 15.9% from 1990 levels, which were led by the participation of China and India. These outcomes imply that the reinforcement of GHG emission reduction targets in developed countries and the wider participation of developing countries will be necessary for the environmental effectiveness of the post-Kyoto regime. Emissions reduction based on voluntary targets will decrease the global real GDP by 1.18%.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.31-49
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• 2012

This paper is a review of a 13-year-old policy for university reform in Korea, the Brain Korea 21 Program, based on current theoretical frameworks. Current theoretical frameworks are classified into three groups: micro and macro perspectives on universities and discussion on world-class universities. The overall purpose of BK21 is to bring up high-level scholarship through manpower and achieve several targets of university reform. The program can be evaluated as a success in terms of following a research university model but not the entrepreneurial university model. However, the fact that a 13-year old policy developed under a research university model had features of the entrepreneurial university shows the direction of change that the research university is currently undergoing.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.97-121
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• 2019

The Korean government has focused on universities or colleges as the main targets of its startup policy since the 2010s. However, the performance is not so good, with a low survival rate. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that underpin the success of student startups. First, through a review of the literature, this study compared the success factors of student startups with those of venture startups, which means the general startup sector, as well as youth startups, also a focus of startup policy targeting youngsters outside universities or colleges. Second, we analyzed case studies of startup companies connected University H. The literature review showed that the main target of student startups is the employment of university students. There is a lack of studies on success factors; existing studies only emphasize the entrepreneurship of students. The results of case studies showed several factors of success similar to those of general venture startups: founders, business model and resources including team, and mentoring.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.27-58
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• 2020

This paper intends to examine the extent of the fiscal contribution of immigrants to Korea. According to this analysis, the aim is to derive implications pertaining to the direction of Korea's immigration policy as a response to fiscal problems caused by population aging. For this purpose, a macroeconomic model is designed to measure the lifetime net fiscal contribution of immigrants in Korea by visa type, age, and other characteristics. According to this analysis, the sum of the lifetime fiscal contribution for all immigrants in Korea is negative. This implies that immigration policy reforms that increase the inflow size while maintaining the current structure of the foreign population characteristics can rather worsen Korea's fiscal problems. This finding suggests that immigration policy reform may exacerbate Korea's fiscal soundness if it simply targets the maintenance of the numerical balance of the demographic structure.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.55-73
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• 2013

Since the 1990s, the Japanese government has made considerable attempts at stimulating innovation with an aim to pull the country out of a possibly permanent economic decline. Several laws and policy initiatives were introduced to encourage better interaction between universities (and research institutions) and industry. The results of these efforts have been mixed. While the number of university-industry joint and commissioned research has increased, revenues from the licensing of university-owned patents have fluctuated year by year. Although the number of startups and spin-offs from universities rose, their long-term survival and contribution to the economy remain uncertain. The Japanese experience features both strengths and weaknesses. Strengths include the long-term commitment of policy makers, the ability to set specific targets, and the active engagement of several key economic ministries. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of these policy initiatives was hampered by limitations within the policies concerning the roles of universities and their mode of interaction with industry based on intellectual property rights, the inadequacy of demand-side innovation policies, the fragmentation of bureaucracy, and a lack of a credible evaluation system.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.147-153
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• 2020

Background: Malawi's 2018 National Energy Policy includes nuclear power as an energy option with an operational 100 MW targeted for 2035. Materials and Methods: This paper challenges the scope of the policy on nuclear power by reviewing its implementation strategy and comparing it to: the strategy established for coal in the same policy; some experiences from other countries; and documents by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) relating to establishing a national position on nuclear power and infrastructural requirements for a nuclear power program. Results and Discussion: It is found that the pro-nuclear position is uninformed, and targets are unrealistic owing to a lack of understanding of nature of nuclear power including the requirements for safety, security and safeguards, and nuclear infrastructure. It is apparent that neither consultation nor a proper analysis were comprehensively conducted for nuclear. Though the national energy policy suggests a national position for nuclear energy, the content does not demonstrate that the position was arrived at knowledgeably. Conclusion: Thus, nuclear power may presently be viewed as a potential energy option that is yet to be seriously considered. It is important to build an appropriate level of literacy on nuclear science and technology for policy makers, key stakeholders, and the public to be better positioned for strategizing on nuclear power.