• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2014

본 논문은 국내에서 실시되고 있는 인터넷게임 셧다운제의 효과성에 대한 분석을 한다. 청소년보호를 목적으로 정부(문화체육관광부와 여성가족부)에 의하여 실시되고 있는 선택적 셧다운제와 강제적 셧다운제의 효과성을 검증하는 데 중점을 둔다. 분석 결과 인터넷게임과 게임중독간의 원인관계를 명확히 증명하기 어렵다. 또한 인터넷게임 셧다운제 정책만으로는 인터넷게임 중독을 예방할 수 없음을 밝힌다. 이를 기반으로 하여 청소년들의 인터넷게임 중독예방을 위한 다양한 정책을 제언한다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2011

본 연구는 최근 온라인게임으로 인해 부작용이 심각한 수준에 이르고 있는 청소년의 현실을 반영하여 심야시간에 게임접속을 제한하여 과도한 게임이용으로부터 청소년을 보호하기 위해 온라인 게임서비스 이용시간을 일부 제한하는 셧다운제도의 도입에 대한 청소년들의 인지도와 게임중독의 심각성인지정도, 셧다운제도의 효과성과 문제, 그리고 대안정책 등에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 조사결과, 청소년의 17.5% 만이 셧다운제도에 대해 인지하고 있었다. 또한 청소년들은 게임중독에 대해 매우 심각한 것으로 인지하고는 있었으나 셧다운제도 도입의 효과성에는 절반정도만 효과적이라 응답했다. 셧다운제도 도입과 관련된 정책대안으로, 첫째, 공교육의 확립으로 청소년들이 입시경쟁 속에 많은 시간 사교육에 노출되는 것을 막아야 할 것이다. 둘째, 일상의 규제는 가정이 주체이고 가정에서 관리하는 것이 바람직한 만큼 가정교육 프로그램의 개발로 부모와 자녀 간 대화시간을 늘리는 것이 필요하다. 마지막으로 청소년의 여가문화 컨텐츠 개발과 보급의 활성화가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2016

Adolescent media addiction has emerged as an important social agenda in Korea. However, there has not been enough discussion on the causal structure of media addiction and policy interventions. The objective of this study is to identify and assess the mechanism of the existing and the revised Shutdown policy based on the systems thinking approach. To achieve this purpose, we establish the relationship between media usage, flow, and addiction, and develop a causal loop diagram. Based on the causal loop diagram, we explore the causal structure of two policy scenarios: shutdown policy and deregulation. Our study suggests that policy interventions inducing direct parental control on children's media usage time are ineffective since the time control reduces children's autonomy, which helps alleviate media addiction. Therefore, this study suggests that policy intervention should focus on alleviating addiction itself rather than on controlling media usage time.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.129-153
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• 2015

Mandatory shutdown policy of the juvenile protection act was enforced in December 2011 to prevent game addiction of the youth. However, the size of game market in Korea seems to be reduced significantly after implementation of the shutdown policy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of current government regulations on Korean online game market. Based on empirical evidences and results from the related literature, we developed several causal loop diagrams(CLD) and system dynamics models. The CLD include sub-diagrams of innovation processes, user commitments, and operational costs. We conducted simulation analyses under various policy scenarios, adopting Normalized Unit Modelling By Elementary Relationship(NUMBER). Our results show that first, the impact of time regulation on the number of users is greater than the impact of content regulation. Second, the quality of domestic online game appears more elastic to regulations than the quality of foreign online game. The results of this study suggest that the deregulation in Korean online game market can narrow the gap in market outcomes between domestic and foreign online games. Some recommendations for future study are suggested.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2013

여성가족부는 2011년 10월부터 온라인게임에 대한 셧다운제를 실시하였다. 셧다운제는 게임 과몰입을 방지하고 청소년의 수면권을 보호하는 것을 정책 목표로 내세웠지만, 셧다운제가 과연 청소년들의 게임 과몰입을 해결할 수 있는지, 정책의 실효성 있는 집행이 가능한지에 대해 많은 반론이 존재하였다. 본 연구는 게이머와 비게이머간에 셧다운제 정책 효과에 대한 인식 차이가 존재하는지, 그리고 셧다운제의 실시가 게이머와 비게이머의 정부 신뢰에 대한 인식에 어떠한 영향을 미치었는지를 살펴보도록 하였다. 설문 조사 결과, 게이머는 셧다운제에 대해 부정적으로 보고 정부신뢰가 감소되었으며, 비게이머들은 셧다운제를 긍정적으로 보고 정부신뢰가 증가되는 효과가 존재하였다. 즉 셧다운제는 비게이머들이 정책효과를 믿으면서 실시한 정책으로, 막상 정책대상자들인 게이머들은 정책 효과를 인정하지 않는 성격을 지니는 정책으로서의 특성을 지닌다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.305-323
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• 2008

Climate change is one of the broadest and the most complex issues of international environmental cooperation. Concern about climate change has been steadily increasing and has become a worldwide issue. According to IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change)'s recently report, global warming has accelerated vest serious problems. GHG(Green House Gas) emissions trading schemes, including the Kyoto mechanism that spread to solving the problems. Based on the evaluation on GHG emissions trading schemes, we also find some policy implications on the future development of emissions trading the conventional air pollutants in Korea which start to 2007. The regulatory authority needs to make clear how to allocate allowances to new entrants and also to keep the balance between the opportunity costs of reduction between potential shutdown facilities and new entrants. Under the current rule that does not allow shutdown credits, an equivalent level of allowances needs to be allocated to new entrants free of charge. We believe our policy recommendations may be useful not only for Korea but also for a the other countries, since they are facing a similar policy environment as Korea, particularly in the case of climate change.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.293-301
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• 2020

Objectives: At the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, some countries imposed entry bans against Chinese visitors. We sought to identify the effects of border shutdowns on the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: We used the synthetic control method to measure the effects of entry bans against Chinese visitors on the cumulative number of confirmed cases using World Health Organization situation reports as the data source. The synthetic control method constructs a synthetic country that did not shut down its borders, but is similar in all other aspects. Results: Six countries that shut down their borders were evaluated. For Australia, the effects of the policy began to appear 4 days after implementation, and the number of COVID-19 cases dropped by 94.4%. The border shutdown policy took around 13.2 days to show positive effects and lowered COVID-19 cases by 91.7% on average by the end of February. Conclusions: The border shutdowns in early February significantly reduced the spread of the virus. Our findings are informative for future planning of public health policies.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.69-80
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• 2014

본 연구는 셧다운제에 대한 일반인 및 게이머들의 인식 변화를 살펴보았다. 셧다운제가 실시된 2011년 11월과 시행 후 1년 후인 2012년 11월, 시행 후 2년 후인 2013년 11월에 같은 문항으로 설문조사를 실시하여, 이 3년간 게이머 및 일반인들의 셧다운제에 대한 인식에 변화가 존재하는지를 분석하였다. 3년 동안 셧다운제에 대한 인식 변화를 살펴본 결과, 셧다운제에 대한 인지 정도는 일반인과 게이머 모두 증가하였고, 일반인과 게이머 모두 셧다운제에 대하여 찬성하는 정도는 감소되었다. 일반인들의 경우 2011년에서 2012년 사이에는 셧다운제에 대한 평가에 큰 변화가 없었지만, 2013년에는 셧다운제에 대한 평가가 부정적으로 변화하였다. 게이머들은 2011년부터 2013년까지 계속해서 셧다운제에 대한 부정적인 인식이 강화되고 있다. 셧다운제 초기에는 게이머들은 셧다운제를 부정적으로 보았지만 일반인들은 셧다운제에 대해 긍정적인 시각을 지니고 있었다. 하지만 2013년에는 일반인들도 셧다운제에 대한 부정적인 견해가 증가하고 있는바, 이러한 결과는 셧다운제를 계속 유지해나가야 할 것인가에 대한 정책 판단과 관련하여 많은 시사점을 줄 수 있다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권10호
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• pp.3878-3887
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• 2022

For the future energy-mix policy for carbon neutrality, demand for the capability of load-follow operation has emerged in nuclear power plants in order to accommodate the intermittency of renewable energy. The short-term decay heat analysis is also required to evaluate the decay heat level varied by the power level change during the load-follow operation, which is a very important parameter in terms of short-term decay heat removal during a grace time. In this study, the short-term decay heat level for 10 days after the shutdown was evaluated for both seasonal and daily load-follow cases. Additionally, the nuclide-wise contribution to the accumulated decay heat for 10 days was analyzed for further understanding of the short-term decay heat behavior. The result showed that in the seasonal case, the decay heat level was mainly determined by the power level right before the shutdown and the amount of each nuclide was varied with the power variation due to the long variation interval of 90 days. Whereas, in the daily case, the decay heat level was strongly impacted by the average power level during operation and meaningful mass variations for those nuclides were not observed due to the short variation interval of 0.5 days.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2014

As power consumption increases, more power utilities are required to satisfy the demand and consequently results in tremendous cost to build the utilities. Another issue in construction of power utilities to meet the peak demand is an inefficiency caused by surplus power during non-peak time. Therefore, most power company considers power demand management with time-based electricity rate policy which applies different rate over time. This paper considers an optimal machine operation problem under the time-based electricity rates. In TOC (Theory of Constraints), the production capacities of all machines are limited to one of the bottleneck machine to minimize the WIP (work in process). In the situation, other machines except the bottleneck are able to stop their operations without any throughput loss of the whole manufacturing line for saving power utility cost. To consider this problem three integer programming models are introduced. The three models include (1) line shutdown, (2) block shutdown, and (3) individual machine shutdown. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed IP models through diverse experiments, by comparing with a TOC-based machine operation planning considered as a current model.