• Health Policy and Management
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.411-420
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• 2023

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the demand and supply status of patient beds by type of medical institution, categorized into 70 clinical privilege, in order to understand the regional bed supply situation. Methods: Utilizing the 70 clinical privilege defined by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, we calculated bed demand and supply quantities from 2019 to 2021 using data from Statistics Korea and the Health Insurance Statistical Yearbook. The bed demand calculation formula was based on the detailed guidelines for the medical sector by the Korea Development Institute and the 3rd edition of bed supply basic policies announced by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. Additionally, to mitigate distorted bed supply situations caused by factors such as regional levels and patient outflows, we classified bed supply types using the population decrease index indicator published by the Ministry of Public Administration and Security. Results: Among the 70 clinical privilege, it was analyzed that a relatively balanced bed supply situation exists overall, irrespective of the type of healthcare institution. However, in medical institutions at or above the level of hospitals, regions with bed supply ratios exceeding 20% compared to demand, particularly in institutions at or above the level of general hospitals, showed a relatively high rate of demand diversion. Conclusion: We have identified the bed supply types in the 70 clinical privilege in South Korea. Based on the results of this study, we emphasize the need for bed supply policies that consider regional characteristics. It is expected that this research can serve as fundamental data for future efforts aimed at managing or rectifying bed supply imbalances on a regional basis.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2015

Background: Supplier induced demand (SID) indicates the case when doctors increase the demand of the patients, following their (physicians') own best interests rather than patients'. This may occur when asymmetry of information exists between suppliers and consumers. This study aims to confirm whether SID exists in the Korean setting, particularly by dividing SID into both 'induced demand effect' and 'availability effect.' Methods: Induced demand effect and availability effect are differentiated following Carlsen & Grytten's theoretical frame which divides doctor density regions into high and low ones. Results: Positive correlation between doctors' density and utilization of their services was found, which could be interpreted as 'availability effect.' Conclusion: The result suggests that additional medical use for additional doctor, particularly in the area of low doctor density, can be interpreted to occur to meet the basic medical need of the people rather than as a result of unnecessary induced demand. It is important to make more medical doctors provided and to distribute them appropriately across the region in such a country like Korea where doctor's density is relatively low.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1931-1936
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• 2007

Demand forecasting for railroad traffic is fairly important to establish future policy and plan. The future demand of railroad traffic can be predicted by analyzing the demand of air, marine and bus traffic which influence the demand of railroad traffic. In this study, forecasting the demand of railroad traffic is implemented through neural network using the demand of air, marine and bus traffic. Estimate accuracy of the demand of railroad traffic was shown about 84% through neural net model proposed.

• IE interfaces
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.368-375
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• 2009

This paper considers a two-stage supply system consisting of two make-to-stock facilities. The facility in the first stage produces a single type of component in anticipation of future demands from the market and the end item production while the facility in the second stage produces the end item in anticipation of future demands from the OEM customers. The facility in the first stage has the option of to accept or reject each incoming demand from the market. In this paper, we address the problem of how to control the exogenous component demand and how to manage the production of the end item and the component so as to maximize the system's profit subject to the system costs. In this paper, we present a heuristic policy that is the base-stock production policy combined with a linear switching curve for component demand control. Numerical study is implemented under different operating conditions of the system and it shows that the performance of the heuristic is very promising compared to that of the optimal policy for the Markov model.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.121-129
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• 2019

We are based on the results of this study, the policy measures for improving the efficiency of supply & demand policy of public cremation facilities in six metropolitan cities in the whole nation could be suggested as follows. First, when the utilization rate of public cremation facilities by citizents out of the jurisdiction area was lower, the overall demand for cremation was high. Therefore, the supply & demand policy of public cremation facilities should be carried forward by preferentially focusing on Busan Metropolitan City(4.1%) and Daegu Metropolitan City(17.9%) with low utilization rate by citizens out of the jurisdiction area. Second, the utilization variance of public cremation facilities in the whole six metropolitan cities in the whole nation, was insignificant(1.4%). Therefore, for the efficiency of supply & demand policy of cremation facilities in those six metropolitan cities, the customized-policies considering the characteristics of each metropolitan city should be carried forward in priority. Third, on the basis of 2018, the population size of those six metropolitan cities in the whole nation is from minimum 1.15million to maximum 3.39million as a large city, and relatively, they are facing many difficulties in the expansion for supply & demand of cremation facilities. Therefore, for the smooth construction of cremation facilities, it would be necessary to enforce policies that could disperse the demand for cremation through the joint construction of cremation facilities with other local governments close to each metropolitan city.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.3
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• pp.462-472
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• 2014

This study is aimed at developing a supply-demand model of wood products, and outlook for mid-term and long-term supply and demand for each products. The main wood products include sawnwood, plywood, particle board, fiberboard (MDF), and pulp. The partial equilibrium model is composed of supply function, import demand function, demand function, price relation function. With given parameters the outlook for year 2050 says that sawnwood, plywood, and fiberboard for domestic productions and imports are decreased. This may result from the increase of log prices from the inside and outside of the country because of the propensity for environment protection and the resource nationalism. On the other hand the supply of particle board and pulp will increase because they are made from wasted wood and chips.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.217-229
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• 2013

As customers' demands for diversified small-quantity products have been increased, there have been great efforts for a firm to respond to customers' demands flexibly and minimize the cost of inventory at the same time. To achieve that goal, in SCM perspective, many firms have tried to control the inventory efficiently. We present an mathematical model to determine the near optimal (s, S) policy of the supply chain, composed of multi suppliers, a warehouse and multi retailers. (s, S) policy is to order the quantity up to target inventory level when inventory level falls below the reorder point. But it is difficult to analyze inventory level because it is varied with stochastic demand of customers. To reflect stochastic demand of customers in our model, we do the analyses in the following order. First, the analysis of inventory in retailers is done at the mathematical model that we present. Then, the analysis of demand pattern in a warehouse is performed as the inventory of a warehouse is much effected by retailers' order. After that, the analysis of inventory in a warehouse is followed. Finally, the integrated mathematical model is presented. It is not easy to get the solution of the mathematical model, because it includes many stochastic factors. Thus, we get the solutions after the stochastic demand is approximated, then they are verified by the simulations.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.318-328
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• 2010

This paper as basic work on the regional economic policy of Korean government considers economic conditions and fundamentals of the cold started 5+2 mega-regional economic zones and makes a comparative study of regional economic power of national mega-regional economic zones based on the established economic indicator. Therefore, this study aims to consider henceforward policy direction of the mega-regional economic zone and the validity of the regional economic policy, which promote autonomous mega-regional economic zone in dimension to secure the global competitiveness. According to the comparison result of regional economic power index, the capital area had absolute superiority, while Gangwon, Honam and Jeju areas were relatively weak. Since the given regional conditions are dissimilar, the government must consider regional characteristics and economic fundamentals carefully, as they push henceforth regional development policy for the mega-regional economic zone. What is more, the government should promote a balance of the regional development, through to maintain demand-based policy and demand-pull policy flexibly, which are based on demand analysis, as well as unequal quota budget and policy for regions, which are relatively falling behind in terms of development and income.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.323-330
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• 2014

Various inventory control theories have tried to modelling and analyzing supply chains by using quantitative methods and characterization of optimal control policies. However, despite of various efforts in this research filed, the existing models cannot afford to be applied to the realistic problems. The most unrealistic assumption for these models is customer demand. Most of previous researches assume that the customer demand is stationary with a known distribution, whereas, in reality, the customer demand is not known a priori and changes over time. In this paper, we propose a reinforcement learning based adaptive echelon base-stock inventory control policy for a multi-stage, serial supply chain with non-stationary customer demand under the service level constraint. Using various simulation experiments, we prove that the proposed inventory control policy can meet the target service level quite well under various experimental environments.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.115-123
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• 2006

The main focus of this study is to investigate the performance of a clark-scarf type multi-echelon serial supply chain operating with a base-stock policy and to optimize the inventory levels in the supply chains so as to minimize the systemwide total inventory cost, comprising holding and backorder costs as all the nodes in the supply chain. The source of supply of raw materials to the most upstream node, namely supplier, is assumed to have an infinite raw material availability. Retailer faces random customer demand, which is assumed to be stationary and normally distributed. If the demand exceeds on-hand inventory, the excess demand is backlogged. Using the echelon stock and demand quantile concepts and an efficient simulation technique, we derive near optimal inventory policy. Additionally we discuss the derived results through the extensive experiments for different supply chain settings.