• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2004.08a
• /
• pp.425-427
• /
• 2004

Many of the problems by using the microscope are related to the fact that the eyes of the surgeon must be continually fixed to the microscope eyepieces. In this paper, we describe a development of the stereoscopic monitoring system of the stereo microscope for reduced eyestrain or operator fatigue about the long time observations of the microscope. The system consists of the stereoscopic camera part, the stereoscopic image processor device and the polarized light stereoscopic monitor. The left and right images obtained form the two CCD cameras are the same as the eyepiece images. By use of the image processor, the polarized light stereoscopic monitor displayed a real-time stereo microscope images.

• Current Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.2 no.5
• /
• pp.474-481
• /
• 2018

We propose a polarization phase-shifting technique to investigate the thickness of $Ta_2O_5$ thin films deposited on BK7 substrates, using a modified Sagnac interferometer. Incident light is split by a polarizing beam splitter into two orthogonal linearly polarized beams traveling in opposite directions, and a quarter-wave plate is inserted into the common path to create an unbalanced phase condition. The linearly polarized light beams are transformed into two circularly polarized beams by transmission through a quarter-wave plate placed at the output of the interferometer. The proposed setup, therefore, yields rotating polarized light that can be used to extract a relative phase via the self-reference system. A thin-film sample inserted into the cyclic path modifies the output signal, in terms of the phase retardation. This technique utilizes three phase-shifted intensities to evaluate the phase retardation via simple signal processing, without manual adjustment of the output polarizer, which subsequently allows the thin film's thickness to be determined. Experimental results show that the thicknesses obtained from the proposed setup are in good agreement with those acquired by a field-emission scanning electron microscope and a spectroscopic ellipsometer. Thus, the proposed interferometric arrangement can be utilized reliably for non-contact thickness measurements of transparent thin films and characterization of optical devices.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.479-490
• /
• 1996

To utilize collagen as an implantable biomateriall the mcct widely used bovine skin origin Type I collagen was investigated Pepsin treated, Type I atelocollagen was extracted and crosslinked by the ultraviolet(W) ray with wavelength of 254nm or by various concentrations of glutaraldehyde to produce collagen membranes. The crosslink rates of the specimens were observed by a polarized light microscope, a scanning electron microscope, and a Fourier transform infrared (FT-lR) spectrometer. The followings are concluded 1. The collagen membranes produced by both 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution and 254nm UV ray irra- diation demonstrated similar morphologies on polarized light microscopic and scanning electron microscopic views. 2. The chemical structures of the crosslinked membranes by glutaraldehyde over 2.5% in concentrations revealed similar intensities to that of the UV ray irradiated one in FT-lR investigation. 3. To obtain optimal croulink in bovine stalin origin Type I atelocollagen, 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution or UV ray irradiation with 254nm wavelength is acceptable.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.297-304
• /
• 1996

Although collagen is still considered to be a poor immunogen, animals can produce antibodies to a number of different sites in the collagen molecule. In type I collagen, three classes of antigenic determinants have been described those are recogrlized as different degrees in different species. These are essentially composed of helical, conformation-dependent antigenic determinants and terminal, nonhelical antigenic determinants, and finally central antigenic determinants exposed only after denaturation of the collagen molecule. To utilize collagen as implantable biomateriall human e61bryonic collagen, ten immunological to body, was purified from human umbilical cords and found to contain [$\alpha$1(I)]$_2$. [$\alpha$2(I). Each step of purification were observed by polarized light microscope and analyzed through SDS-PAGE. The conclusious are follows; 1 . The purified collagen revealed gradual fiber indenties on each step of purification by polarized microscope. 2. The structual changes of extracted collagen as removed telopeptide were confirmed by SDS-PAGE.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2000.07a
• /
• pp.299-302
• /
• 2000

In this study, we have made the large holographic surface relief gratings on amorphous chalcogenide $As_{40}$$Ge_{10}$$Se_{15}$$S_{35}$ films by two beam interference using a He-Ne laser(632.8nm) light. The film thickness was about 0.6$\mu\textrm{m}$, we could magnify beam size by using beam expander. We made use $90^{\circ}$ holder which was made of reflection mirror and sample. Formed the surface relief structures were investigated using optical microscope. The diffraction efficiency was obtained by measuring +lst order intensity. In addition we investigated grating formation and diffraction efficiency as a function of polarization states which is linear or circular polarization. The results indicate that the grating was formed by linear polarized beam is better clear than that by circular polarized beam.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.637-647
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of concentration and pH of lactic acid on the formation of artificial root caries lesions formation in bovine teeth. The characterictics of artificially produced early root lesions were observed with polarized light microscope and the depth of lesions were mearsured with measuring microscope The results were as follows: 1. In the group of low pH and high concentration of lactic acid, the progress of lesion formation was faster than that of high pH and low concentration lactic acid group. 2. In the same group, initial lesion progress faster, but progression rate was reduced as time goes by. 3. In the development of initial root caries, cementum was act as a barrier to protect dentin from lesion progression.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
• /
• 1996.10a
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 1996

The aggregates with the different mineralogical features are studied how to affect the basic physical properties of concretes according to the changes of the chemical composition, mineralogical composition, crystal size, the standard qualities in the aggregates in using chemical analysis, X.R.D. DT-TGA, polarized light microscope, streoscopic microscope, standard test method of aggregates & concretes. At this studies, we found that aggregates without the seathered mineral such as muscovite & kaolin mineral etc, is superior to the others with the weathered mineral, even if it's standard qualities are inferiored to the other's. For examples, in manufacturing high strength concretes. The strength of concretes used aggregates without weathered mineral are improved about 15% than the other's and also. For general mixture to manufacture remicon, more about 10-20% than the other's strength and workability.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.684-691
• /
• 2008

Many operations have been carried out using the fluoride ion to prevent and reverse dental caries. It certainly encourages remineralization and also prevents dental caries. However, the remineralization developed by these means is superficial only leaving lower levels of demineralized lesion with a degree of porosity and incomplete mineralization. We must consider its toxic effects when it is ingested for overdose. The CPP-ACP paste is able to remineralize the incipient lesion and has no harmful effects when it is ingested, because it was made form casein which is from the protein of milk. The purpose of this article is to compare the remineralization effects between APF gel and the CPP-ACP paste. we applicated the APF gel and CPP-ACP paste on the artificial enamel carious lesion. After 14 days, we measured the surface microhardness and observed the remineralized lesion under polarized light microscope. The results were as follows : 1. The surface microhardness of group III was the highest, followed by group II, and I(p<0.05). 2. The surface microhardness of group III was significantly higher than those of group I, and II(p<0.05). 3. We could observe thin and irregular remineralization layer of group II, and regular and moderate remineralization layer of group III under polirized light microscope.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.27 no.6 s.65
• /
• pp.979-995
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study was to identify the preventive and the progressive inhibitory effects of enamel demineralization with fluoride releasing light-and self-cured orthodontic sealants(FluoroBond), in vitro, under the polarizing light microscope and the scanning electon microscope. The polarizing light microscopic group was subdivided into seven groups(Group A-Group G). The scanning electron microscopic group was also subdivided into seven groups(Group A'-Goup G'). For polarizing light microscopic evaluation, longitudinal sections were made longitudinally by Maruto cutter(Maruto Co., Japan) and Maruto grinding machine(Maruto Co., Japan). Sections were examined and photographed by the polarizing light microscope(Olympus Optical Co., Japan) using crossed polars and with the enamel rod longitudinal axis oriented at $45^{\circ}$ to the extinction position. For scanning electron microscopic evaluation, the specimens were coated with a highly conducting layer of gold palladium in a model Hus-4 high-vacuum evaporator and examined in an ISI-100B scanning electron microcope operated at 20kV. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The mean depths of artificial carious lesions under a polarized light microscope were $Group\;A(5.08{\mu}m),\;Group\;B(47.82{\mu}m,\;Group\;C(8.42{\mu}m),\;Group\;D(7.20{\mu}m),\;Group\;E(85.41{\mu}m),\;Group\;F(60.38{\mu}m),\;Group\;G(60.13{\mu}m)$. 2. There were statistically significant differences in Group B compared with Group A, C, and D(p<0.05), and also, in Group I compared with Group F and Group G(p<0.05). 3. Light-and self-cured orthodontic sealants had the preventive effects of enamel demineralization. 4. Light-and self-cured orthodontic sealants had the progressive inhibitory effects of enamel demineralization. 5. The time progress of demineralizing agent had no influence on the samples of light-and self-cured orthodontic sealants under the scanning electron microscope. 6. There was no difference between the specimens of light-and self-cured orthodontic sealants both in the polarized light microscopic group and in the scanning electron microscopic group.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.13-23
• /
• 2010

This study was performed to compare the quality of image processing between the newly developed prototype using light emitting diode(LED) and the conventional $DIFOTI^{TM}$ system(EOS Inc., USA). To estimate the optimal light emitting power for the improved images, primary enamel surfaces treated under Carbopol 907 de-mineralizing solution were taken daily during 20 days of experimental periods by both DIFOTI systems. The results of comparative analyses on the images obtained from both systems with polarized image as gold standard can be summarized as follows: 1. Trans-illumination indices of images taken from primary enamel surfaces were decreased with time in both systems. 2. The differences of intensity of luminance between sound and de-mineralized enamel surface in prototype DIFOTI system was shown to be relatively smaller than conventional $DIFOTI^{TM}$ system. 3. From the comparative analysis of images from both DIFOTI system with polarized images as gold standard, the difference between sound and de-mineralized enamel surface of intensity of luminance of $DIFOTI^{TM}$ system was more correlated to polarized images than prototype of DIFOTI system. With the optimal LED emitting power, the control of aperture of digital camera is considered as the another key factor to improve the DIFOTI images. For the best image quality and analysis, the development of the improved image processing software is required.