• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.625-631
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• 2016

Pointer Networks is a model which generates an output sequence with elements that correspond to an input sequence, based on the attention mechanism. A time complexity of the pointer networks is $O(N^2)$ resulting in longer decoding time of the model. This is because the model calculates attention for each input, if size of the input sequence is N. In this paper, we propose the pointer networks based on skip pointing model, which confirms the necessary input vector at decoding for reducing the decoding time of the pointer networks. Furthermore, experiments were conducted for the pronouns coreference resolution, which uses the method proposed in this paper. Our results show that the processing time per sentence was approximately 1.15 times faster, and the MUC F1 was 83.60%; this was approximately 2.17% improvement and a better performance than the original pointer networks.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.44 no.8
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• pp.822-831
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose a Korean dependency parsing model using multi-task learning based pointer networks. Multi-task learning is a method that can be used to improve the performance by learning two or more problems at the same time. In this paper, we perform dependency parsing by using pointer networks based on this method and simultaneously obtaining the dependency relation and dependency label information of the words. We define five input criteria to perform pointer networks based on multi-task learning of morpheme in dependency parsing of a word. We apply a fine-tuning method to further improve the performance of the dependency parsing proposed in this paper. The results of our experiment show that the proposed model has better UAS 91.79% and LAS 89.48% than conventional Korean dependency parsing.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.48 no.10
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• pp.1356-1363
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• 1999

In this paper, a new method for controlling the pointing device using EOG(electrooculogram) signal generated from eye movement was suggested. The basic idea of the method is to control the direction of pointer, as using the results of measuring each component of the horizontal EOG and the vertical EOG by angle of eye-gaze. As a practical example, pointing device controlling the personal computer's pointer is manufactured. The designed pointing device consists of pre-amplifier, A/D converter, serial transmission device and PC program. That is, first, the EOG is amplified by pre-amplifier. Secondly, the amplified EOG is digitized and transmitted to personal computer by PIC16C74A. Finally, the software for controlling the pointer on personal computer is programed. As the result, the measured horizontal EOG and vertical EOG by eye-gaze angle had high linearity; the correlation coefficients of the regression line were 0.998 and 0.996 respectively. And the developed pointing device is able to control the personal computer's pointer, and the average of the errors between the objective value and the observed value had 3.77% for horizontal axis and 5.85% for vertical axis. The pointing device developed in this study is able to control personal computer's pointer by subject's eye movement, that is, the user's intention. Furthermore, the algorithm of this study is applicable for many field, such as a new method remote control, a new wheelchair control and so forth.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.561-566
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• 1995

In the degraded mode, there is frequency-misalignment between the node clocks in a synchronous network. Therefore the phase differences between node clocks fluctuate greatly. To keep the phase difference under allowable level the pointer adjustment technique is used Unfortunately these processes cause an inherent pointer adjustment jitter, that accumulates in a chain of pointer adjustment systems. To analyze the jitter, computer simulation is carried and the results is compared with experimental jitter values.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.248-256
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• 2015

With the dramatic increase in mobile traffic in recent years, some of the limitations of mobility management frameworks have magnified. The current centralized mobility management (CMM) strategy has various problems, such as a suboptimal routing path, low scalability, signaling overhead, and a single point of failure. To overcome these weaknesses in the CMM strategy, the Internet Engineering Task Force has been discussing distributed mobility management (DMM) strategies. The fundamental concept of a DMM strategy is to distribute the mobility anchors closer to the users. While the distribution of mobility anchors results in low-cost traffic delivery, it increases the signaling cost. To reduce this higher signaling cost, we propose a new DMM strategy applying the pointer forwarding technique. The proposed strategy keeps the existing tunnels and extends the traffic path as much as possible. In this paper, we analyze the performance of the pointer forwarding-DMM strategy and discuss its pros and cons.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.652-661
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• 2017

A mention has a noun or noun phrase as its head and constructs a chunk that defines any meaning, including a modifier. Mention detection refers to the extraction of mentions from a document. In mentions, coreference resolution refers to determining any mentions that have the same meaning. Pointer networks, which are models based on a recurrent neural network encoder-decoder, outputs a list of elements corresponding to an input sequence. In this paper, we propose mention detection using pointer networks. This approach can solve the problem of overlapped mention detection, which cannot be solved by a sequence labeling approach. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed mention detection approach is F1 of 80.75%, which is 8% higher than rule-based mention detection, and the performance of the coreference resolution has a CoNLL F1 of 56.67% (mention boundary), which is 7.68% higher than coreference resolution using rule-based mention detection.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.30-36
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• 2022

This paper explored the effect of using eye gaze pointer in addition to the hand gesture visual communication cue in remote collaboration. We recruited 24 participants and conducted a user study comparing two conditions: (1) only hand gesture visual communication cue, and (2) eye gaze pointer with hand gesture visual cue. The results showed that the added eye gaze pointer cue reduced the workload and increased the co-presence when using it together with hand gesture cue.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.417-425
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• 2012

In recent years, great attention has been paid to using simple physical objects as tangible objects to improve user interaction in augmented reality (AR) environments. In this paper, we address AR-based user interaction using tangible objects, which has been used as a key component for virtual design evaluation of engineered products including digital handheld products. We herein consider the use of two types (product-type and pointer-type) of tangible objects. The user creates input events by touching specified parts of the product-type object with the pointer-type object, and the virtual product reacts to the events by rendering its visual and auditory contents on the output devices. The product-type object is used to reflect the geometric shape of a product of interest and to determine its position and orientation in the AR environment. The pointer-type object is used to recognize the reference position of the pointer (or finger) in the same environment. The rapid prototype of the product is employed as a good alternative to the product-type object, but various alternatives to the pointer-type object can be considered according to fabrication process and touching mechanism. In this paper, we present four alternatives to the pointer-type object and investigate their strong and weak points by performing experimental comparison of their various aspects including interaction accuracy, task performance, and qualitative user experience.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.496-502
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• 2017

Pointer Networks is a deep-learning model for the attention-mechanism outputting of a list of elements that corresponds to the input sequence and is based on a recurrent neural network (RNN). The coreference resolution for pronouns is the natural language processing (NLP) task that defines a single entity to find the antecedents that correspond to the pronouns in a document. In this paper, a pronoun coreference-resolution method that finds the relation between the antecedents and the pronouns using the Pointer Networks is proposed; furthermore, the input methods of the Pointer Networks-that is, the chaining order between the words in an entity-are proposed. From among the methods that are proposed in this paper, the chaining order Coref2 showed the best performance with an F1 of MUC 81.40 %. The method showed performances that are 31.00 % and 19.28 % better than the rule-based (50.40 %) and statistics-based (62.12 %) coreference resolution systems, respectively, for the Korean pronouns.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.566-573
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• 2020

Computers are the most common tool when using the Internet and utilizing a mouse to select and execute objects. Eye tracking technology is welcomed as an alternative technology to help control computers for users who cannot use their hands due to their disabilities. However, the pointer execution method of the existing eye tracking technique causes many malfunctions. Therefore, in this paper, we developed a gaze tracking interface that combines voice commands to solve the malfunction problem when the upper limb disabled uses the existing gaze tracking technology to execute computer menus and objects. Usability verification was conducted through comparative experiments regarding the improvements of the malfunction. The upper limb disabled who are hand-impaired use eye tracking technology to move the pointer and utilize the voice commands, such as, "okay" while browsing the computer screen for instant clicks. As a result of the comparative experiments on the reduction of the malfunction of pointer execution with the existing gaze interfaces, we verified that our system, Eye-Voice, reduced the malfunction rate of pointer execution and is effective for the upper limb disabled to use.