• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.605-613
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• 2006

Discharge characteristics of non-point source pollutant and load amount of the discharge in the urban area were investigated in the Pungyeongjeong-stream basin and the Yongbong-stream basin in this present study. The land use of the studied basins were divided into paddy field, industrial complex area, combined sewage system, separate sewer system and point sources discharge. The descriptive statistics on the event mean concentrations (EMCs) of non-point pollutants by the the land use showed in the range of 4.43-32.28 mg/L for BOD and 8.27~56.17 mg/L for COD. The highest concentration was shown from the combined sewage system. The EMC of SS at the paddy field in the Pungyeongjeong-stream basin showed the highest range with the values ~ from 35.76 to 358.86 mg/L, which might have been influenced by a levee construction in the adjacent of the area. The relatively high concentration values of 4.43~32.28 mg/L and 1.617.13 mg/L emerged from TN and TP,respectively, at the discharge points of the both stream basins.

• 생태와환경
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.459-473
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• 2012

본 연구는 강우시 불투수성 지역에서 비점오염원 유출 특성을 분석하기 위하여 수행되었다. 불투수성 지역의 강우사상 특성은 강우강도에 대한 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 강우강도가 크게 작용하면, 초기강우 현상이 잘 일어나는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 선행무강우일수에 의해서 비점오염물질의 농도차가 큰 것으로 나타나, 이에 대한 대책 마련이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 불투수성 지역의 비점오염원 유출 경향을 보면, 강우초기 유출 유량에 포함되어 유출되는 오염물질의 농도가 상대적으로 매우 높게 나타났고, 일정 시간 경과 후에는 지속되는 강우에도 불구하고 오염물질의 농도는 증가하지 않고 낮은 농도로 안정적인 유출경향을 나타내었다. 이러한 이유는 건기 시 도로 표면에 집적되어 있던 오염물질들이 강우시 초기에 유출되어 비점오염물질의 농도가 높게 나타나는 것으로 나타났다. 불투수성 지역에서 발생하는 비점 오염물질 항목별 단위면적당 오염부하량은 매우 높은 값을 나타내고 있는데, 이는 불투수성 지역의 특성상 아스팔트로 되어 있는 도로 및 주차장, 교량 등이 있는 불투수면이 대부분의 토양상부를 덮고 있기 때문에 강우시 불투수성 지역 내 모니터링 지점에서 강우가 집중되어 유출되기 때문에 비점오염물질의 유출이 증가하기 때문에 오염부하량이 증가한 것으로 판단된다. 강우시 초기세척 효과는 TSS의 경우, Event 1, Event 2에서 초기세척효과가 매우 잘 관찰되었으며, TSS> $COD_{Mn}$ >T-P 순으로 뚜렷하게 나타나는 것으로 조사되었다. TSS와 $COD_{Mn}$가 가장 민감하게 강우에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 본 연구 결과를 통해 분석된 결과를 토대로 비점오염원 유출특성에 대한 다양한 데이터베이스를 구축하여 향후 비점오염원을 효율적으로 관리하는데 자료로 활용 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 또한 비점오염원을 체계적으로 관리하여 수계환경의 오염부하를 줄일 수 있는 방안을 강구해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 지질공학
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.365-371
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 비점오염원의 효율적인 관리방안을 확립하기 위하여 단위재배지로부터의 오염물질 배출특성을 조사하였다. 무강우일수가 상대적으로 길었던 약 20%의 강우사상을 제외한 나머지 강우사상에 대해서는 강우량과 강우에 의한 유출수량의 상관성은 상관계수 0.92로 매우 높았으며, 유출수량이 유출계수에 미치는 영향인자로는 유출직전의 강우강도가 주요인자임을 알 수 있었다. 한편, 유출수로부터 발생하는 오염물질의 EMCs(유량가중평균농도)가 높은 강우사상의 결과로 무강우일수가 길었던 강우사상에서 무강우에 의해 건조된 토양의 영향에 기인한 것임을 알 수 있다. 유출수로부터 발생되는 TSS, BOD, COD, TN 및 TP 등의 부하량은 동일한 강우사상에서 유사한 경향을 나타내므로 부유물질을 제어함으로써 다른 오염물질의 제거도 가능할 것으로 추정된다. 따라서 강우량계급별 유출계수 만을 이용한 오염물질부하량은 많은 오차를 나타낼 것이며, 오염부하 예측시스템을 개발할 때에는 강우량, 무강우일수, 선행강우량 등을 인자로 고려한 재배지토양조건을 충분히 고려하여야 할 것이다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2013

HSPF model based on BASINS was applied to analyze effects of watershed management measures for water quality conservation in the Hwaseong Reservoir watershed. The model was calibrated against the field measurements of meteorological data, streamflow and water qualities ($BOD_5$, T-N, T-P) at each observatory for 4 years (2007-2010). The water quality characteristics of inflow streams were evaluated. The 4 scenarios for the water quality improvement were applied to inflow streams and critical area from water pollution based on previous researches. The reduction efficiency of point and non-point sources in inflow streams was evaluated with each scenario. The results demonstrate that the expansion of advanced treatment system within wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and construction of pond-wetlands would be great effective management measures. In order to satisfactory the target water quality of reservoir, the measures which can control both point source and non-point source pollutants should be implemented in the watershed.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1990

This study was performed to evaluate a applicability of TCM(Texas Climatological Model) model to a industrial area sush as CUNSAN and a possibility to provide necessary informaitons for air quality management. The air pollutants were measured at 6 sampling sites of GUNSAN industrial area from june to july in 1989. The model was checked by comparing the observed data with estimated data. The meteorological data for wind direction and wind speed were obtained from the observatory station in GUNSAN. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Average concentrations of air pollutants at all sampling sites were SO$_{2}$ 0.011-0.019 ppm. NO$_{2}$ 0.012-0.017 ppm. CO 0.6-1.0 ppm. TSP 45.8-64.2 $\mu$g/m$^{3}$. 2. The emission amounts show that point source are in general higher than area source. 3. As a results of correlation analysis, relationship between SO$_{2}$ concentration in the observed value and estimated value showed positive significance.(r = 0.766) 4. The sulfer content of the 1.6% at present to 0.8%, which means a 53.3% reduction. By controlling stack height could be lowered 14.5%, but the effective way of emission control is use of the lower sulfer fuels than controlling stack height. 5. The ratio between SO$_{2}$ contration in the observed value and estimated value showed 1.05. There-fore, the TCM model was quite effective in predicting air quality in GUNSAN industrial area.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.819-827
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate runoff characteristics of non-point pollutants source at the urban area in boeun area, Chungbuk Province. The monitoring site covering the watershed of $2.11\;km^2$ contains about 40.3 % of total watershed with the urban area. The monitoring was conducted with six events for five months and Event Mean Concentration(EMC) and Site Mean Concentration(SMC) of SS, BOD, CODMn, T-N, T-P were calculated on the result of the water quality parameters. As a result of the comparion between Arithmetic Mean Concentration and Event Mean Concentration, it showed that over all Event Mean Concentration was higher than Arithmetic Mean Concentration. And it showed that SS, BOD, T-P featured the first-flushing effect, showing relatively high concentration in early-stage storm event.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.440-448
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• 2016

Nonpoint sources of pollution (NPS) is defined as diffuse discharges of pollutants (e.g., nutrient, pesticide, sediment, and enteric microorganism) throughout the natural environment and they are associated with a variety of farming practices. Previous studies found that water soluble anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) is one of the highly effective measures for enhancing infiltration, reducing runoff, preventing erosion, controlling nonpoint source of pollutants, and eventually protecting soil and water environment. Potential benefits of PAM treatment in agricultural soil and water environments have been revealed by many research and they include low cost, easy and quick application, and suitability for use with other Best Management Practices (BMPs) for NPS control. This study reviews the various applications of PAM and discusses its further potentials in agricultural environment.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권5B호
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• pp.475-483
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• 2008

사고 등으로 인해 하천에 순간적으로 주입되는 오염물질의 2차원 이송-확산을 모의하기 위하여 SUPG법에 의한 2차원 유한요소 모형을 개발하고 주입된 질량과 모의 질량간의 오차를 산정하였다. 지배방정식으로부터 질량 오차 산정식을 유도하고 이를 간단한 예제에 적용하였다. 적용 예제로는 단순 직선수로에서 선원을 통한 질량주입과 일방향의 등질 유속장을 가지는 2차원 공간에서 점원을 통한 질량주입 문제를 가정하였으며, 기존의 Galerkin법과의 비교를 위하여 두가지 수치기법에 대한 모의 검증을 실시하였다. 검증결과 기존의 Galerkin법에 의한 모의 결과에 비하여 SUPG법을 통한 수치모형의 구성이 모의의 정확성뿐만 아니라 주입 질량의 보존에 있어서도 보다 정확한 방법임을 확인하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.485-490
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• 1999

We will calculate concentration of air pollutants using ISCST3, FDM and AERMOD of models recommended in U. S. EPA which are able to predict concentration of short term for point source, complex like industrial complex, power plant and burn-up institution. Before executing model, as analyzing computational result of many cases according to selecting of input data, we will increasing predictable ability of model in limit range of model. Especially, we analyzed three cases-case of considering various emission rate according to time scale and not, case considering effect of atmospheric pollution materials removed by physical process. In our study, after comparing and analyzing results of three model, we choose the atmospheric dispersion model reflected well the characteristic of the area. And we will investigate how large the complex pollutant sources such as industrial complex contribute to atmospheric environment and air quality of the surrounding the area as predicting and estimating chosen model.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2001

The main point source of pollution of the Keumho river in Taegu, Korea, stems from waste from the areas of industrial complexes . Although it is widely accepted that pollutants in waste water negatively effects general water quality, it is difficult to evaluate the effluent effect because of varying conditions in ambient water and inconclusive knowledge of causative pollutants. To analyze the water in relation to the industrial effluent in the area, pH. temperature, conductivity, and Microtox toxicity of various river samples were measured. Water samples were collected every 2 hours for 36 hours from Keumho river and Dalseo stream. Data from continuous monitoring for 36 hours showed that effluent in Keumho river originated from Dalseo stream, which is near adjacent to industrial complexes. Change in toxicity and other factors tested during the 36 hours indicated that continuous monitoring was necessary for a satisfactory effluent toxicity test Furthermore, in addition to water quality monitoring, it was concluded that sediment toxicity also needed to evaluate effluent effects.