• 환경영향평가
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2018

본 연구는 무심천 유역을 대상으로 도시화에 따른 불투수 지역의 증가가 오염물질의 유출에 미치는 영향에 대하여 HSPF 모델을 이용하여 평가하였다. 모델의 보정은 2015년도 관측치, 검증은 2014년도 관측치를 기준으로 하였고, 모의항목은 유량, BOD, TP를 대상으로 하였으며, 모형의 보정 및 검증 결과는 모든 모의항목이 성공적으로 수행되었다. 무심천 유역의 2015년도 토지이용 현황을 반영하여 모형에 사용한 토지피복도를 수정한 후 개발지역의 계획 위치와 면적을 적용하여 수질을 모의하였다. 모의 결과 불투수면이 증가하면 일별 오염부하량은 강우 시에는 개발사업 전보다 증가하고, 비강우 시에는 감소하였다. 연간 오염부하량은 강우 시 증가량이 비강우 시 감소량보다 월등히 많아 BOD와 TP의 부하량은 증가하였다. 또한 비점오염부하량은 개발 전의 점오염원이 동일하고, 불투수면만 증가한다는 전제에서 모의한 결과 개발 후의 비점오염부하량이 개발 전의 총오염부하량보다 크게 산정되어 불투수면이 급증하는 유역은 계획 단계에서부터 비점오염원의 관리대책이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.750-757
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• 2008

This study is conducted to characterize and evaluate delivered pollutant loads of point and nonpoint source on the upper watershed of lake paldang. The study area consists of 12 watersheds in Namhan-river and Kyungahcheon, which are approximately 80% of total area of Namhan-river and Kyungahcheon. Based on daily delivered loads from watersheds, 61% of $BOD_5$, 81% of T-N and 70% of T-P were from nonpoint sources, suggesting that delivered loads of nonpoint pollutants be crucial to water quality. On the other hand, 78% of $BOD_5$, 92% of T-N and 87% of T-P as delivered load were from nonpoint sources in an upper watershed of Namhan-river, while 48% of $BOD_5$, 70% of T-N and 57% of T-P as delivered load were from nonpoint sources in a lower watershed of Namhan-river, suggesting higher dependency of point sources than upper watershed of Namhan-river. In the characteristic of delivered loading pollutants from point and nonpoint pollution sources, delivered load of nonpoint pollutants differed significantly by seasonal flow, and as though discharged load of point pollutants were yearly uniform, delivered load of point pollutants was found to be flow-dependent because its delivery ratio was changed.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.598-607
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• 2010

One of constraints in the application of unit-load method to estimate non-point pollution loads in the total water pollutant load management system (TWPLMS) is the limited numbers of applicable unit-loads. Since only 7 unit-loads are currently available for total 28 land-use categories in the national land register data, each unit-loads inevitably have to represent several land-use categories regardless of their actual land coverage characteristics. As a way to minimize the problem, this study suggested a nested application of the available unit-loads based on the analysis of high resolution aerial images taken in the Kyeongan watershed. Statistical analysis of three selected land-use categories such as school, apartment complex, and golf course showed that there exit significant (95% confidence level) relationships between the registered land-uses and actual land coverages. The school and apartment complex currently considered as 100% ground have only 65% and 80% of ground characteristics, respectively. Golf course, which is considered as 100% pasture, has about 5% of ground area. This indicates that the unit-load method using in TWPLMS can give over estimated non-point pollutant loads for the school and apartment complex (19.8~54.4%) but under estimation for the golf course (80.9%).

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.100-107
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• 2002

This study investigates the seasonal variation and spatial distribution characteristics of pollutant load, as executing the quantity valuation of pollutant load inflowing into Yeong-Il bay from on-land including the Hyeong-san river. Annual total pollutant generating rate from Yeong-Il bay region are 202ton to BOD, 620ton to SS, 42ton to T-N, 16ton to T-P respectively, if expressly point out, pollutant generating rate from the Hyeong-san river is the greatest, which BOD ratio is 78.2%, SS 88.5%, T-N 62.5%, T-P 73.1%. As calculating Tank model with input value of daily precipitation and evaporation of 2001 year in drainage basin of the Hyeong-san river, Estimated result of the annual total river discharge effluencing from this river is $830{\times}106m^3$. As result to estimating annual total effluence rate outflowing at the rivers from each drainage basins, annual total inflow pollutant rate are BOD 10,633ton, SS 19,302ton, T-N 15,369ton, T-P 305ton. The III basin which is population congestion region of the Pohang-city drain away a good many pollutant load than the V basin including the Neang-Chun with wide drainage area. Especially, a great many T-N than T-P inflow into Yeong-Il bay. The accumulation of pollutant load effluenced from on-land will happen on at the inner coast region of Yeong-Il bay, finally we would make a prediction that the water quality will take a bad turn.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.223-231
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is the development of a system for estimating non-point sources pollutant loads from a watershed, which enables users to get insights of pollutant load distribution in the watershed during rain as well. Based on the Geographic Information System, this non-point source pollutant loading estimation system(NSPLES) consists of three distinct models such as a distributed rainfall-runoff model, a soil loss and delivery model, and a non-point source pollutant model. It also includes GIS modules for preprocessing the input data for the models and graphical postprocessing of the model outputs. The system output aren't only the hydrograph, sedimentograph, and pollutograph at the watershed outlet, but also various maps that show the distribution of soil loss over the watershed. The developed system was applied to the two upper stream areas of Sumjin river basin, Ssangchi and Gwanchon basins, and three rainfall events for respective subbasins during 1992 and 1998 were selected for the system application. The results of this showed relatively higher corelation between observed data and simulated data, and proved the applicability of the system.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.572-577
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• 2011

비점오염부하량 산정을 위해 사용되는 원단위는 쉽게 이용 가능하지만, 지역의 토지이용 특성과 강우강도의 시간적인 변이를 고려하지 못하는 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 간편하면서도 강우량에 따른 부하량 변화를 고려한 보다 정확한 비점부하량 산정방법을 개발 및 적용하였다. 경기도 경안천 유역에 위치한 두 개의 비점오염저감시설을 대상으로 2010년 6월부터 11월까지 모니터링을 수행하여 강우강도, 유출 특성, 오염부하 등에 관한 분석을 진행하였다. 비점오염원 유출수의 특성을 나타내는 유량가중평균농도(Event Mean Concentration; EMC)의 경우에는 도시 지역인 경기도 광주시 경안동이 산과 밭으로 이루어진 용인시 모현면에 비해 높거나 비슷한 값을 보였으나, TP (Total Phosphorus)의 경우 유역 내 농경지에 사용된 퇴비나 비료에 포함된 인의 영향으로 모현면이 경안동보다 더 높게 나타났다. 강우량과 오염물질 배출부하량과의 관계는 3차원 다항식에 의해 가장 잘 설명되었으며, 0.33~0.81 범위의 결정계수를 나타내고 있다. 산정된 유출율 및 부하량 함수의 기울기가 EMC 결과와 반대되는 경향을 보이는 것으로부터, 비점오염원은 토지이용 이외에도 지형, 토성, 수리 수문현상 등에 따라 배출특성이 달라짐을 알 수 있다. 따라서 비점오염물질의 유출 특성을 정확히 파악하기 위해서는 장기모니터링을 통한자료의 수집을 바탕으로 강우량에 따른 부하량 변화를 고려한 비점부하량 산정함수를 구하는 것이 필요하다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제38권spc호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2005

The objectives of this study were to understand the runoff characteristics of the non-point sources originating from impervious surfaces and to assess their effect on the aquatic environment in the urban areas. The concentration of pollutants (SS, BOD, COD and T-P) except for T-N showed the highest value in runoff from road, and event mean concentration (EMC) also showed high value from road. The pollutants discharged from road showed a higher concentration in the beginning stage (0 ${\sim}$ 30%) of progressive percentage of rainfall. The contribution percentages of non-point sources by load were 44.9% for SS, 11.2% for BOD, 21.4% for COD, 11.4% for T-N and 8.1% for T-P in the total load of pollutant discharged through sewer. From our results, the road was a significant potential source that deteriorated water quality of the streams and lakes in the vicinity of the urban area during the rain period. Therefore, counter plan is required to reduce pollutant concentration on the road from non-point sources in the urban area. Also, since pollutant concentration in the beginning stage of rainfall was quite high, road cleaning seems to be one of the very useful methods to prevent inflowing of pollutants to the aquatic environment.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2009

In this study, specific pollutant releases during the Asian monsoon season were estimated and the information was applied to the non-point pollutant sources management from two forested watersheds of the Soyang Lake. The two watersheds are part of the 2,703 km2 Soyang Lake watershed in the northern region of the Han River. The outlets of the two watersheds were respectively analyzed for continuous water quality concentration and for discharge during various single rainfall events. Statistical power function methods are utilized to compare stream discharge and pollutant flux release during the study period. Based on the monitoring data during the study period, the specific load flux method using simulated discharge was conducted and validated in the two watersheds. The model predictions corresponded well with the measured and calculated pollutant releases. The modeling approach taken in this study was found to be applicable for the two forested watersheds.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.719-723
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• 2014

수질오염총량관리제의 효율적인 시행을 위해 본 연구에서는 비점오염원의 분류, 비점부하량(발생, 배출) 산정, 비점 오염원 관리지역의 선정, 비점오염물질 관리 등을 포함한 비점오염원 관리방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 무엇보다도 먼저 점오염원과 비점오염원의 정의는 학술적 법률적 관점에 기초하여 명확히 구분 관리하여야 한다. 특히, 사업활동과 사람의 활동에 의해서도 환경피해가 발생하지 않는 임야, 초지, 하천 등은 별도로 자연배경오염원으로 구분하여야 한다. 비점오염원 발생 및 배출부하량의 원단위는 유역의 실제여건에 맞도록 우선적으로 변경하여야 하며, 비점오염원 발생 및 배출부하량의 산정방법은 유역의 강수량 및 강수 지속시간을 고려하도록 수정하여야 한다. 한편, 수질오염총량관리제를 시행함에 있어 비점 오염원 관리지역은 강우시 하천의 오염물질 농도가 중권역 목표(관리목표)를 초과하거나 초과할 우려가 있는 유역을 대상으로 하며, 전체 유역 가운데 초지, 임야를 제외한 도시지역, 농경지, 그리고 대지 가운데 비점오염물질의 배출밀도가 높은 지역을 비점오염원 관리지역으로 최소화하여 선정하여야 한다. 비점오염물질저감시설은 단위면적당 비점오염물질 배출량, 오염물질 초과농도 지속시간, 처리의 실현가능성, 점오염원 대비 처리비용 효과 등을 고려하여 단위면적당 비점오염원 발생부 하량이 많은 지역과 강우시 수질농도가 중권역 목표를 초과하는 유역에 설치하여야 한다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2014

According to the technical guideline of water pollutant load management, the rainfall captured ratio which can be estimated by the empirical formula is an important element to estimate reduction loads of non-point pollutants water quality control basin. In this study, the rainfall captured ratio is altered to stormwater captured ratio considering its meaning in the technical guideline of water pollutant load management, and the new empircal formula of stormwater captured ratio is suggested. In order to do this, we calculate stormwater captured ratio by using the hourly rainfall data of seven urban weather stations (Busan, Daegu, Daejeon, Gangreung, Seoul, Gwangju, and Jeju) for 43 years. The regression coefficients of the existed empirical formula cannot reflect the catchment properties at all, because they are fixed values regardless of regions. However the empirical formula of stormwater captured ratio has flexible regression coefficients by runoff coefficient(C), so it is allowed to consider the characteristics of runoff in catchment. It is expected that reduction loads of storage based water quality control basin can be more reasonably estimated than before.