• 정보화정책
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.73-94
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• 2021

이 연구는 국회 상임위원회 법제사법위원회 회의록을 분석 대상으로 자동화된 텍스트 분석 방법의 WORDFISH 알고리즘을 적용해 정치엘리트의 이념성향 변화 패턴을 추정하였다. 법제사법위원회의 경우 행정부 교체 전후의 간기(間期)에서 이념성향의 변화를 겪고 있었다. 한국 국회 내 이념성향의 변화는 미국의 경우에서처럼 정당을 중심으로 동시적으로 이루어지기보다는 한 시점의 이념성향에 대한 반응 혹은 집권 정부의 교체에 대한 반응에 따라 변화되고 있다. 법제사법위원회 회의록에 나타난 이념성향의 변화는 국회 대수별, 연도별 시기적 효과가 발생하지 않을 때 국회의원 소속 정당의 이념성향, 선수(選數) 등 개인의 특성 효과가 나타나고, 개인의 특성 효과가 나타나지 않을 때 시기 자체의 효과가 나타났다. 즉, 이념성향 변화를 추동하는 거시적 효과가 발생할 때 미시적 효과가 사라지고, 거시적 효과가 사라질 경우 미시적 효과가 나타난 것이 확인되었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.425-432
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• 2011

To control non-point source pollution at a watershed scale, rainfall-runoff characteristics from forest watersheds should be investigated since the forest is the dominant land use in Korea. Long-term monitoring would be an ideal method. However, computer models have been utilized due to limitations in cost and labor in performing long-term monitoring at the watersheds. In this study, the Geo-spatial interface to the Water Erosion Prediction Project (GeoWEPP) model was evaluated for its runoff prediction from a coniferous forest dominant watersheds. The $R^2$ and the NSE for calibrated result comparisons were 0.77 and 0.63, validated result comparisons were 0.92, 0.89, respectively. These comparisons indicated that the GeoWEPP model can be used in evaluating rainfall-runoff characteristics. To estimate runoff changes from a coniferous forest watershed with various cover degree scenarios, ten cover degree scenarios (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%) were run using the calibrated GeoWEPP model. It was found that runoff increases with decrease in cover degree. Runoff volume was the highest ($206,218.66m^3$) at 10% cover degree, whereas the lowest ($134,074.58m^3$) at 100% cover degree due to changes in evapotranspiration under various cover degrees at the forest. As shown in this study, GeoWEPP model could be efficiently used to investigate runoff characteristics from the coniferous forest watershed and effects of various cover degree scenarios on runoff generation.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.283-294
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• 2021

경사면일사량은 수평면일사량과 해당위치 지형경사도 간의 기하학적 관계인 일사수광비율을 통해 추정할 수 있다. 그러나 이렇게 추정한 일사량은 주변에 햇빛을 차단하는 장애물이 없다는 것을 가정하기 때문에 만약 실제 농사를 짓고 있는 농장 등에 이를 적용할 경우에 지형으로 인한 차광 등의 영향을 충분히 반영하지 못한다. 음영기복도는 태양의 위치와 지형의 기복으로 인한 직달일사의 변이를 밝기(휘도)로 수치화한 격자 형태의 자료로서, 하나의 격자는 가장 어두운 값 0에서 가장 밝은 값 255까지의 값을 갖는다. 본 연구에서는 지형으로 인한 차광효과를 모의하기 위해 30m 해상도의 DEM을 이용하여 연구지역의 음영기복도를 제작하고 휘도 분석을 수행하였다. 연구지역에 설치된 AWS 22개 지점의 기상자료를 수집하여 일조율 80% 이상인 날을 선별하고, 관측일사량과 각 지점의 휘도를 비교하여 휘도가 지형으로 인한 차광효과를 설명할 수 있는지 확인하였다. 분석결과 휘도와 일사량 간에 상관관계가 있는 것을 확인하였으며, 지형의 영향이 큰 지점에서의 직달일사가 시작되는 시점과 끝나는 시점은 태양고도 보다는 휘도와 잘 부합하는 것으로 나타났다. 추가적인 연구를 통해 주변 지형의 영향을 반영한 휘도를 이용한 상세한 일사량 추정이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2022

정점 표층 수온 관측 데이터 중 결측 구간의 데이터를 양방향 순환신경망(Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Network, BiRNN) 기법을 이용하여 보간하였다. 인공지능 기법 중 시계열 데이터에 일반적으로 활용되는 Recurrent Neural Networks(RNNs)은 결측 추정 위치까지의 시간 흐름 방향 또는 역방향으로만 추정하기 때문에 장기 결측 구간에는 추정 성능이 떨어진다. 반면, 본 연구에서는 결측 구간 전후의 양방향으로 추정을 하여 장기 결측 데이터에 대해서도 추정 성능을 높일 수 있다. 또한 관측점 주위의 가용한 모든 데이터(수온, 기온, 바람장, 기압, 습도)를 사용함으로써, 이들 상관관계로부터 보간 데이터를 함께 추정하도록 하여 보간 성능을 더욱 높이고자 하였다. 성능 검증을 위하여 통계 기반 모델인 Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations(MICE)와 기계학습 기반의 Random Forest 모델, 그리고 Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)을 이용한 RNN 모델과 비교하였다. 7일간의 장기 결측에 대한 보간에 대해서 BiRNN/통계 모델들의 평균 정확도가 각각 70.8%/61.2%이며 평균 오차가 각각 0.28도/0.44도로 BiRNN 모델이 다른 모델보다 좋은 성능을 보인다. 결측 패턴을 나타내는 temporal decay factor를 적용함으로써 BiRNN 기법이 결측 구간이 길어질수록 보간 성능이 기존 방법보다 우수한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.175-188
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• 2009

도심지 등 지역적인 여전에 의하여 기존의 지하 공동 또는 터널에 근접하여 발파를 이용한 새로운 터널을 굴착할 경우, 새로운 터널의 굴착으로 인하여 지반이 이완되고 따라서 기존 지하 공동의 안정성에 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 이러한 가존 지하 공동의 안정성에 문제를 발생시킬 수 있는 가장 큰 요소로는 기존 지하 공동과 신설 터널의 이격거리가 될 수 또한 신설 터널 굴착으로 인한 소성영역의 발생에 따른 지반 이완을 문제 심을 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존 광역 상수관과 신설 터널의 이격거리에 따른 기존 광역 상수관의 안정성을 평가하기 위하여 이격거라가 다른 여섯 가지 모델에 대해 석고를 이용힌 2차원 축소 모형실험을 실시하였다. 실험 결과는 터널 굴착과정과 파괴 단계에서 발생된 변위 벡터와 균열양상으로 표현하였다. 터널 굴착과정 중 발생하는 변위를 분석하면, 터널과 광역 상수관의 간격이 상수관 직경의 2.5배 (2.5D)까지는 이격거리가 증가함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보인다. 그러나 중심 간격이 2.5D를 넘으면 추가변위는 발생하지 않았다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2016

연구배경: 우리나라를 포함한 중국, 대만, 북한, 일본 등에서 원전, 재처리시설과 같은 원자력시설의 증가에 따라 주변국 핵활동 분석의 종합적 대책이 필요하다. 우리나라와 포괄적핵실험금지조약기구(Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization, CTBTO)는 동북아시아 지역에서 핵종 탐지소를 운영 중으로, 핵종탐지 장비에서 특이 값 측정시 모니터링 자료의 분석과 더불어 배출원 탐색모델을 이용하여 핵종의 기원이 어디인지 추정하고 평가하는 것은 주변국 핵활동에 대한 감시 및 안전성 확보 측면에서 중요하다. 재료 및 방법: 주변국의 은밀한 핵활동 시 방사성핵종의 기원을 추정하기 위하여 3차원 전진/후진형 궤적모델을 개발하였다. 개발된 궤적모델은 궤적 미분방정식을 유한차분법을 이용한 방법으로 주어진 바람자료를 이용하여 방사성핵종의 방출지점으로부터 입자의 궤적을 순차적으로 찾아가는 전진형 모델과 시간 역산으로 방출기원을 추정하는 후진형 모델로 구성되었다. 결과 및 논의: 개발된 궤적모델의 검증을 위하여 체르노빌 사고 당시 측정된 농도자료를 이용하였다. 검증결과 관측지점의 농도가 높게 측정된 지점과 방출기원에서 가까운 지역으로부터 시간 역산의 방출지점을 추정한 결과의 정확도가 높았다. 3차원 궤적모델은 방출시간, 방출높이, 방출간격 등의 변수에 의해 계산결과가 달라지는 불확도를 내포하고 있는데, 이러한 궤적모델의 불확도를 최소화하기 위해 한국원자력연구원에서 개발한 대기확산모델(long-range accident dose assessment system, LADAS)를 이용하여 fields of regards (FOR) 기법에 의해 오염물 방출영역을 추정한바 신뢰성 있는 결과를 얻었다. 결론: 본 연구를 통하여 개발된 배출원 탐색모델은 주변국의 은밀한 핵활동 시 핵종 탐지장비와 연계하여 방사성핵종의 방출지역과 기원을 파악하여 우리나라의 핵종탐지 능력을 향상하고 핵활동 및 방사선 안전 분야에서 주도적 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.72-79
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• 2009

I-131은 갑상선에 주로 집적되어 갑상선의 기능을 평가하는데 활용됨은 물론 높은 에너지의 베타선을 방출함으로써 암의 치료에도 널리 사용되고 있는 방사선 핵종이다. 그러나 I-131은 다양한 에너지의 감마선을 방출함으로써 핵의학 영상의 정량화가 어렵다. 특히 고에너지 영역의 감마선에 의한 격벽투과(septal penetration)와 산란선은 핵의학 진단영상에 악 영향을 미치게 된다. 본 연구에서는 격벽투과가 영상에 미치는 영향과 I-131의 산란보정 방법을 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션을 활용하여 알아보고자 하였다. 본 실험을 위하여 임상에서 사용되고 있는 범용성 고에너지 조준기를 장착한 핵의학 영상 기기인 FORTE 시스템(Philips, Netherlands)에 대해 모사하였다. 격벽투과가 영상에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 고에너지 조준기의 격벽을 두 가지 종류로 모사하여 보았다. 한 종류는 실제로 사용하고 있는 납으로 격벽을 모사하였으며, 다른 한 종류는 높은 에너지의 감마선이 투과할 수 없는 밀도와 원자번호가 아주 높은 임의의 물질로 구성하여 모사하였다. 각 각의 조준기를 통해 물팬텀안의 I-131 선 선원의 영상을 획득한 결과 납 격벽에서 획득한 선 선원의 반치폭 (Full Width at Half with Maximum, FWHM)과 십치폭(Full width at Tenth with Maximum, FWTM)은 각 각 41.2 mm, 206.5 mm였으며, 높은 에너지의 감마선이 투과할 수 없는 임의의 물질로 만든 격벽의 조준기에서는 반치폭과 십치폭이 각 각 27.3 mm, 47.6 mm로 측정되었다. 이는 고에너지의 감마선에 의한 격벽투과가 핵의학 영상의 선예도를 나쁘게 한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 또한 I-131을 이용한 핵의학 영상의 산란보정을 위하여 물 팬텀 속의 점 선원을 모사하고 영상을 획득하였다. 산란보정 방법으로는 삼중광봉우리창(Triple Energy Window method, TEW)을 이용하여 획득 영상 내의 산란선을 유추하는 방법을 사용하였다. 그러나 이러한 방법은 중심에너지 창의 범위에 따라 유추된 산란선의 양에 영향이 있으므로 더 정확한 산란선 유추를 위해 확장된 삼중광봉우리창(Extended Triple energy Window method, ETEW)을 적용, 기존의 방법과 비교하였다. 실험 결과 시뮬레이션의 데이터 분류를 통한 산란선으로만 획득된 점 선원 영상과 TEW와 ETEW 방법을 통해 유추된 산란선 영상결과, ETEW 방법으로 산란선을 유추한 방법이 기존의 TEW 방법보다 더 정확함을 알 수가 있었다. 본 연구는 시뮬레이션을 통한 I-131의 특성을 평가함으로써 I-131을 이용한 동위원소 치료 및 GATE 프로그램 연구의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.243-248
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• 2017

지구 기후시스템의 중요구성인자인 해빙은 극지방과 고위도에 분포하는 특성상 위성을 통한 탐지가 활발히 수행되고 있다. 위성자료를 이용한 해빙탐지기법은 반사도와 휘도온도자료를 이용하며, 많은 연구에서 휘도온도자료를 통해 산출된 Ice Surface Temperature (IST)를 활용한 기법인 Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)의 해빙탐지기법을 활용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 IST 산출과정이 생략된 단순하고 효율적인 동적임계값 기법을 활용한 해빙탐지기법을 제시하고자 한다. 동적임계값을 지정하기 위하여 해수의 어는점 이하의 화소를 대상으로 MODIS IST와 MODIS $11{\mu}m$ 채널의 휘도온도, Brightness Temperature Difference ($BTD:T_{11{\mu}m}-T_{12{\mu}m}$)의 상호관계를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 세수치의 관계가 선형의 특징을 나타내었으며 이를 활용하여 임계값을 지정하였다. 청천역에서 지정한 임계값을 MODIS $11{\mu}m$ 채널에 적용하여 해빙을 탐지하였다. 또한, 본 연구의 해빙탐지기법의 성능을 검증하기 위해 MODIS Sea ice extent를 이용하여 정확도를 분석하였으며 그 결과, Producer Accuracy (PA) 99% 이상의 높은 정확도를 보였다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.377-392
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• 2017

A set of BFM (Brute Force Method) simulations with the CMAQ (Community Multiscale Air Quality) model were conducted in order to estimate self-contributions and conversion rates of PPM (Primary $PM_{2.5}$), $NO_x$, $SO_2$, $NH_3$, and VOC emissions to $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations over the SMA (Seoul Metropolitan Area). CAPSS (Clean Air Policy Support System) 2013 EI (emissions inventory) from the NIER (National Institute of Environmental Research) was used for the base and sensitivity simulations. SCCs (Source Classification Codes) in the EI were utilized to group the emissions into area, mobile, and point source categories. PPM and $PM_{2.5}$ precursor emissions from each source category were reduced by 50%. In turn, air quality was simulated with CMAQ during January, April, July, and October in 2014 for the BFM runs. In this study, seasonal variations of SMA $PM_{2.5}$ self-sensitivities to PPM, $SO_2$, and $NH_3$ emissions can be observed even when the seasonal emission rates are almost identical. For example, when the mobile PPM emissions from the SMA were 634 TPM (Tons Per Month) and 603 TPM in January and July, self-contributions of the emissions to monthly mean $PM_{2.5}$ were $2.7{\mu}g/m^3$ and $1.3{\mu}g/m^3$ for the months, respectively. Similarly, while $NH_3$ emissions from area sources were 4,169 TPM and 3,951 TPM in January and July, the self-contributions to monthly mean $PM_{2.5}$ for the months were $2.0{\mu}g/m^3$ and $4.4{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. Meanwhile, emission-to-$PM_{2.5}$ conversion rates of precursors vary among source categories. For instance, the annual mean conversion rates of the SMA mobile, area, and point sources were 19.3, 10.8, and $6.6{\mu}g/m^3/10^6TPY$ for $SO_2$ emissions while those rates for PPM emissions were 268.6, 207.7, and 181.5 (${\mu}g/m^3/10^6TPY$), respectively, over the region. The results demonstrate that SMA $PM_{2.5}$ responses to the same amount of reduction in precursor emissions differ for source categories and in time (e.g. seasons), which is important when the cost-benefit analysis is conducted during air quality improvement planning. On the other hand, annual mean $PM_{2.5}$ sensitivities to the SMA $NO_x$ emissions remains still negative even after a 50% reduction in emission category which implies that more aggressive $NO_x$ reductions are required for the SMA to overcome '$NO_x$ disbenefit' under the base condition.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.