• 한국습지학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.296-302
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• 2017

일반적으로 주차장은 아스팔트나 콘크리트 등 불투수층으로 조성되기 때문에 강우시 각종 오염물질이 수계로 배출됨에 따라 비점오염원 배출 부하량을 증가시키는 중요한 요인이 된다. 불투수층으로 인한 물순환장애 및 비점오염원 관리를 효과적으로 제어하고 관리할 수 있는 저영향개발(Low Impact Development)의 적용 및 필요성이 대두되고 있으며, 환경부는 개발사업에 대해 저영향개발 기법의 적용을 의무화하는 방안을 추진 중에 있다. 본 연구에서는 효율적인 빗물 및 비점오염원 관리를 위한 저영향개발 기법의 하나인 투수성 주차장에서 발생하는 강우 유출수의 오염물질 농도, 비점오염부하량, 초기세척현상 및 강우유출지연효과를 불투수성 주차장과 비교 분석하여 향후 투수성 주차장 설계시 기초자료로 활용할 수 있도록 하였다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.91-101
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• 2012

This study is to assess the runoff characteristics of nonpoint source pollution loads for Jecheon and Jangpyeong stream watersheds located in the upstream of Chungju lake. The SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), a physically based distributed hydrological model was calibrated and verified using 5 years (2006 to 2010) streamflow and water quality data. The Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency for streamflow was 0.60~0.92 and the determination coefficients for sediment, Total Nitrogen (T-N), and Total Phosphorous (T-P) were 0.53~0.71, 0.51~0.91 and 0.38~0.85 respectively. The results showed that the Sediment, T-N, and T-P of Jangpyeong stream were 40.0~60.9 %, 34.8~64.1 % and 76.5~83.9 % higher than Jecheon stream watershed during wet days. The results evaluated high NPS loads at Jangpyeong stream because the percentage of urban and upland crop cultivation area Jangpyeong stream watershed was higher than Jecheon stream watershed.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2015

This study is to assess the effect of non-point source pollution discharge loads between tillage and no-tillage applications for upland crop areas using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) watershed modeling. For Byulmi-cheon small rural catchment ($1.17km^2$) located in upstream of Gyeongan-cheon watershed, the rainfall, discharge and stream water quality have been monitored in the catchment outlet since 2011. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated in hourly basis using 19 rainfall events during 2011-2013. The average Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency and $R^2$ (determination coefficient) for streamflow were 0.67 and 0.79 respectively. Using the 10 % surface runoff reduction from experiment results for no-tillage condition in field plots of 3 % and 8 % slopes under sesami cultivation, the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity for upland crop areas was adjusted from 0.001 mm/hr to 0.0025 mm/hr in average. Under the condition, the catchment sediment, T-N (total nitrogen, TN), and T-P (total phosphorus, TP) discharge loads were reduced by 6.9 %, 7.4 %, and 7.7 % respectively.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.194-200
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• 2006

Recently, the population growth, industrial and agricultural development are rapidly undergoing in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) in Texas. The Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) composed of the 4 counties and three of them are interesting for Non-point and point source pollutant modeling: Starr, Cameron, and Hidalgo. Especially, the LRGV is an intensively irrigation region, and Texas A&M University Agriculture Program and the New Mexico State University College of Agriculture applied irrigation district program, projects in GIS and Hydrology based agricultural water management systems and assessment of prioritized protecting stream network, water quality and rehabilitation based on water saving potential in Rio Grande River. In the LRGV region, where point and non-point sources of pollution may be a big concern, because increasing fertilizers and pesticides use and population cause. This project objective seeks to determine the accumulation of non-point and point source and discuss the main impacts of agriculture and environmental concern with water quality related to pesticides, fertilizer, and nutrients within LRGV region. The GIS technique is widely used and developed for the assessment of non-point source pollution in LRGV region. This project shows the losses in $kg/km^2/yr$ of BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand), TN (total Nitrogen) and TP (total phosphorus) in the runoff from the surface of LRGV. Especially, farmers in Cameron County consume a lot of fertilizer and pesticide to improve crop yield net profit. Then, this region can be created as larger nonpoint source area for nutrients and the intensity of runoff by excess irrigation water. And many sediment and used irrigation water with including high nutrients can be discharged into Rio Grade River.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.761-767
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• 2010

This study introduces a model of territorial analysis on Chungcheongnam-do Nonsan-chun valley area, which gives an example of a method of selecting the management area for non-point pollution source from land use to help eliminate its source. High discharge load per unit area signify high level of land ratio with high level of basic unit of development load (including factory sites, school sites, roadways), which mean that there are a significant level of urbanization. It is these areas with the examination of the water quality of the nearby river that should be considered as the management area for non-point pollution source. Thus, the management area for non-point pollution source should be sought in areas with high discharge load per unit area and high density of water pollution area. When level of drainage is high the pollution density level is relatively lower, and when the level of drainage is low the density level is relatively higher. The level of pollution from non-point pollution source is much lower with more water flowing through. The possible non-point pollution source areas that were selected with these standards were then examined with the distance from the river, the slope angle, land usage, elevation, BOD discharge density load, T-N discharge density load, T-P discharge density load, and were given a level one through five. Out of the possible areas Nonsan-si Yeonmu-eup Anshim-li was the densest area, and it was given level one. The level one area should be examined further with the field analysis to be selected as the actual management area for non-point pollution source.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.1191-1193
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• 2003

Water quantity and quality monitoring at Taipei Watershed Management Bureau (WRATB) is not only a daily business but also a long term job. WRATB is responsible for providing high quality drinking water to about four millions population in Taipei. The quality of drinking water provided by WRATB is among one of the best in Taiwan. The total area is 717 square kilometers. The water resource pollution is usually divided into two categories, point source pollution and nonpoint source pollution. Garbage disposal is the most important component of the point source pollution, especially those by tourist during holidays and weekends. Pesticide pollution, fertilizer pollution, and natural pollution are the major contributions for nonpoint source pollution. The objective of this paper is to implement remote sensing, geographic information systems, and global positioning systems to monitor water quantity and water quality at WRATB. There are 12 water quality monitoring stations and four water gauge stations at WRATB. The coordinates of the 16 stations were determined by GPS devices and created into the base maps. MapObjects and visual BASIC were implemented to create application modules for water quality and quantity monitoring. Water quality of the two major watersheds at WRATB was put on Internet for public review monthly. The GIS software, ArcIMS, can put location maps and attributes of all 16 stations on Internet for general public review and technical implementations at WRATB. Inquiry and statistic charts automatic manipulations for the past 18 years are also available. Garbage disposal by community and tourist were also managed by GIS and GPS. The storage, collection, and transportation of garbage were reviewed by ArcMap file format. All garbage cart and garbage can at WRATB can be displayed on the base maps. Garbage disposal by tourist during holidays and weekends can be managed by a PDA with a GPS device and a digital camera. Man power allocation for tourist garbage disposal management can be done in an integration of GIS and GPS. Monitoring of water quality and quantity at WRATB can be done on Internet and by a PDA.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.857-866
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• 2011

This research categorized EIA target highways into following three types in order to minimize non-point source pollution from highway runoff. 1. Big drainage basin. 2. Small drainage basin. 3. Bridge section. The Natural, Filter and Swirl-Type devices were evaluated in terms of removal efficiency of TSS, BOD, COD, T-N, T-P, compatibility of site selection, economic feasibility, and maintenance convenience through which the final BMP was selected. According to the removal efficiency result, the area of Big and Small Drainage basin and bridge section had higher removal efficiency with natural facility than that of the Filter or Swirl-Type device. To make appropriate selection of highways'BMP for non-point source pollution, this study will aim to contribute to building more environmentally friendly highways by proposing the selection process that is made of 5 stages. 1. Selecting the target drainage basin. 2. Selecting the land for the mitigation facility. 3. Analysing the ease of maintenance. 4. Technically evaluating each installation. 5. Evaluating the effective implementation methods.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.440-448
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• 2016

Nonpoint sources of pollution (NPS) is defined as diffuse discharges of pollutants (e.g., nutrient, pesticide, sediment, and enteric microorganism) throughout the natural environment and they are associated with a variety of farming practices. Previous studies found that water soluble anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) is one of the highly effective measures for enhancing infiltration, reducing runoff, preventing erosion, controlling nonpoint source of pollutants, and eventually protecting soil and water environment. Potential benefits of PAM treatment in agricultural soil and water environments have been revealed by many research and they include low cost, easy and quick application, and suitability for use with other Best Management Practices (BMPs) for NPS control. This study reviews the various applications of PAM and discusses its further potentials in agricultural environment.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.87-98
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• 2002

광주 전남의 상수원인 주암호 유역에 대해 GIS를 이용하여 점오염원과 비점오염원 부하량을 산정하였으며 기 개발된 모형을 이용하여 수질을 모의하였다. 점오염원 부하량은 환경부에서 발표한 원단위(1998)를 이용하여 산정하였고, 비점오염원 부하량은 유출곡선지수를 이용한 SCS방법으로 직접유출량을 계산한 후 우리나라 유역의 특성에 맞는 토지이용별 기대평균농도 값을 이용하여 산정하였다. 수질모의는 미국환경청에서 개발한 WASP모형(2001)을 이용하였으며 대상유역을 GIS를 이용하여 경사, 방향, 고도, 토양, 토지이용과 강우량에 따라 44개의 소유역으로 구분하고, 그중 하나의 소유역에 대해 모형을 적용하였다. 모형의 결과치를 수질관측치와 비교한 결과 매우 유사함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.78-89
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• 2017

Water quality monitoring network data is being affected continuously due to non-point source pollution arising from agricultural land located on the Gwangsancheon outlet in the Nakdong River basin. In this study, we have performed analysis of water quality monitoring system, water quality pattern using SOM and water quality in the Gwangsancheon for sub-basin located at Gisan-myeon in the Nakdong River basin. We have developed and applied the model to estimate the runoff and non-point source loading. As a result of SOM pattern, the effect of non-point source pollution was the largest in the paddy fields and fields. As a result of the developed model, we found contribution rate and reduction rate for non-point source loading according to change of landuse because the reduction effect of nonpoint pollutants was 20.9% of SS, 9.9% of TN, 21.2% of TP and 8.9% of TOC depending on the landuse change.