• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.142-150
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• 2017

Background: There have been few studies about pain using a big data. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of pain, and trends of pain associated with chronic diseases and personal out-of-pocket medical expenditures over time. Methods: Subjects were 58,151 individuals, using the Korea Health Panel from 2009 to 2013. Chi-square and multinomial logistic regression were conducted to identify the prevalence and odds ratios (ORs) of pain. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to find the trend over these 5 years. Results: Prevalence of mild and severe pain was 28.1% and 1.7% respectively. The ORs of mild and severe pain were 1.6 and 1.4 in females compared with males. From 2009 to 2013, numbers of chronic diseases producing mild pain were 2.1, 2.4, 2.8, 2.9, and 3.1 and those producing severe pain were 3.0, 3.4, 3.9, 4.2, and 4.4, respectively. After applying the average South Korean inflation rate by year over 5 years, the annual, personal out-of-pocket medical expenditures (unit: ￦1,000) for mild pain were 322, 349, 379, 420, and 461, and those for severe pain were 331, 399, 504, 546, and 569, respectively (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: The pain prevalence was 29.8%. The numbers of chronic diseases and the personal out-of-pocket medical expenditures revealed increasing trends annually, especially in those with pain. Therefore, to eliminate and alleviate the pain, there needs to be further study for developing a systemic approach.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2004년도 ICEIC The International Conference on Electronics Informations and Communications
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• pp.405-409
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• 2004

The Pocket PC has become more popular in market because of the advantages of its small size and convenience for regular customers. Pocket PC is a mobile device so that we can receive the benefits of shared data over a wireless network. Enabling us to transmit data to a central location, simply messaging from one point to the next, its ability to share information across a wireless platform is becoming central to our communication needs. However, using Windows CE - an embedded operating system, as well as being designed for mobile users, there are many limitations to memory and speed of arithmetic operations on Pocket PC. As a result, developers have to deal with many difficulties in managing information storage when developing applications, especially Geography Information System (GIS) applications. In this paper, we propose some efficient methods to store GIS data and to increase the speed of displaying maps in GIS applications developed on Pocket PC and Windows CE 3.0.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.79-82
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• 2010

Three types of leaf domatia; Pocket (P), Tufts (T) and Tufts-Pocket (TP) were observed in the five species of Cornus namely; Cornus kousa, C. controversa, C. officinalis, C. walteri and C. alba. In C. walteri no tufts were observed, the domatia was just a well developed pocket one. In C. officinalis and C. kousa, tufts domatia of brownish color were observed but C. officinalis developed denser tufts than those observed in C. kousa. Unlike in C. kousa where the domatia covered about only 1/2 of the axil, in the C. officinalis tufts covered almost 3/4 of the axil. In both species the tufts domatia were located in the inner side of the leaf axil. In C. controversa and C. alba whitish colored tufts were observed covering Pockets and hence the Tuft Pocket domatia. In C. controversa the tufts were more than in C. alba but in both species the tufts were short and were located in the inner sides of the axil. Thus, based on these physiological features it was concluded that C. officinalis and C. kousa are sister species likewise C. controversa and C. alba while C. walteri belong to another lineage. The advancement of domatia (absence of tufts) in C. walteri suggests that they are the most advanced while C. officinalis and C. kousa the most primitive due to their possession of highly developed tufts and C. controversa and C. alba the intermediates.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.239-253
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• 2021

Purpose: The single-flap approach (SFA) is a minimally invasive technique with limited mucoperiosteal flap elevation to gain access to the buccal/palatal aspects, thus limiting post-surgical complications. The purpose of the present study was to gain insights into the impact of the SFA over the double-flap approach (DFA) on periodontal flap treatment outcomes and patient compliance in terms of discomfort and time taken for surgical procedures. Methods: Twenty patients with persistent probing pocket depths of ≥5 mm were scheduled for the SFA (test site) and for the DFA (control site). All the clinical periodontal parameters were recorded at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Radiographic bone level (cone-beam computed tomography) was evaluated at baseline and 6 months. Patients' postoperative pain perception and wound healing were also assessed. Results: The SFA showed a significant reduction in periodontal pocket depth, gain in clinical attachment level (CAL), and gain in bone level when compared with the DFA. The SFA substantially improved wound healing and induced less postoperative pain than the DFA. Conclusions: The SFA resulted in substantial improvement in the composite outcome measures, as shown by a reduction in pocket depth with minimal gingival recession, gain in CAL, early wound healing, less postoperative discomfort, and better patient-centered outcomes.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표논문집 Vol.28 No.2 (2)
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• pp.514-516
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 Pocket PC 기반의 무선 게임 엔진과 무선 게임 엔진을 지원하는 간단한 개발도구에 대한 설계를 하였다. 게임을 개발할 때마다 엔진을 개발하는 게임에 종속적인 기존의 무선 게임 엔진의 방식에서 벗어나 다양한 PDA 플랫폼을 지원하며 엔진을 응용할 수 있도록 개발도구를 라이브러리로 재공함으로써 사용자 혹은 개발자가 게임을 개발함에 있어 편의를 제공하도록 하며, 모듈 단위로의 설계를 통해 각각의 모듈이 독립적인 역할을 수행하여 약간의 조정만으로도 다른 시스템에서 이용이 가능토록 설계하였다. 또한 무선 게임엔진으로서의 기능뿐만 아니라 멀티미디어 컨텐츠를 처리하는 응용 어플리케이션의 제작이 가능하도록 하였다.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.128-138
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• 2002

In this paper, we address how to reduce the length of tool retraction in a zigzag pocket machining. Tool retraction, in a zigzag pocket machining, is a non-cutting operation in which the tool moves to any remaining regions for machining. We developed an algorithm of generating tool retraction length in convex or concave polygonal shapes including islands. In the algorithm, we consider concave areas of cutting direction in the polygonal shape. Considering concave areas of cutting direction, the polygonal shape is decomposed to subregions which do not need any tool retraction. Using the proposed algorithm, we calculated the shortest length of tool retraction in cutting direction. Examples are shown to verify the validity of the algorithm.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2003년도 추계학술발표논문집 (상)
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• pp.279-282
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• 2003

한글위주의 스크립트를 전자 잉크 데이터(electronic ink data)형태로 Pocket PC에서 사용하기 위한 한글 매칭 알고리즘을 적용한 시스템 설계에 관한 연구이다. 적용된 한글 매칭 알고리즘은 전자 잉크 데이터(electronic ink data)를 스크립트 형태로 변화한 후 이를 모바일 환경의 프로그래밍 기법을 사용하여 시스템을 구현한다. Pocket PC의 하드웨어적 제약을 고려하여 효율적인 속도를 보장하면서 인식률을 높이기 위해 기본 획을 인식한 후, 획 정보와 획 간의 위치관계를 이용하여 자소로 분리된 데이터의 값으로 변환하여 이를 CF메모리상에 있는 통계적 수치 데이터로 저장된 한글 데이터의 값과 비교하여 한글을 인식할 수 있는 시스템 구현에 목적이 있다.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2006년 제4회 한국유체공학학술대회 논문집
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• pp.345-348
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• 2006

In sheet metal forming process using press and draw die some defect can be made because of the high pressure of air pocket between draw die and the product. The purpose of this study is to develop a program to decide an optimal combination of air vent hole size and number to prevent those defect on product. The air inside air pocket is considered as ideal gas and the compression and expansion is assumed as isentropic process. The mass flow is computed in two flow condition: unchocked and chocked condition. The present computation obtains required cross-sectional area of air vent hole for not exceeding the user specified pressure such as the pressure for yielding strength of the product or the pressure for unchocked flow. To validate the program the present results are compared with the results of other researchers and commercial CFD code.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.241-248
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• 2006

Shoe cushioning systems are important to prevent body injuries. This study developed and evaluated a cushioning system to reduce impact force on the heel. The cushioning system suggested consist of a polyurethane pocket, which contains water and porous grains of open cell to dissipate the energy effectively. Load-displacement curves fer the shoe cushioning system were obtained from an instrumented testing machine and the results were compared with various pockets with air, water or grains. Mechanical testings showed that the pocket with 5g porous grain was the best for the cushioning system. This system can be applied to the design of various kind of sport shoes.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제16권4호통권97호
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• pp.220-228
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• 1999

The machining accuracy has been improved with the development of NC machine tools and cutting tools. However, it is difficult to obtain a high degree of accuracy when machining deep pocket with long end mill, since machining accuracy is mainly dependant on the stiffness of the cutting tool. To improve surface accuracy in machining deep pocket using end mill, the performance by down cut and up cut is compared theoretically and experimentally. To verify usefulness of up milling, various experiments were carried out. As a result, it is found that up milling produce more accurate surface than down milling in machining deep pocket. For effective application of up milling, various values in helix angle, number of teeth, radial depth of cut and axial depth of cut are applied in experiment.