• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.532-540
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• 2017

본 연구는 스토리텔링을 기반으로 한 '플레이백 씨어터(Playback Theatre)'를 즉흥연극과 비교 분석하면서 특징과 가치를 논하고 있다. 1975년 죠나단 팍스에 의해 창안된 플레이백 씨어터는 대본 없이 관객의 스토리텔링을 바탕으로 구성되는 상호소통적인 즉흥연극 형식이다. 스토리텔링은 상상력과 창의력을 요구하며, 화자와 청자의 공감을 전제로 하고, 타인에 대한 이해와 소통을 중요시한다. 이러한 스토리텔링의 가치를 근거로 즉흥연극과 구술문화의 현장성, 사이코드라마의 교육적 치유적 가치를 오늘날에 맞게 재창조한 연극 형식이다. 플레이백 씨어터는 관객에게 이야기를 나눌 수 있는 기회를 연극형식 속에서 제공하며, 배우들은 관객의 이야기를 듣고, 들은 이야기를 즉흥적으로 연기하여 화자와 관객에게 다시 보여준다. 이러한 의미에서 '플레이백(play-back)'이다. 이 과정에서 개인과 공동체는 교육적 치유적 효과를 경험하게 된다.

• 한국연극학
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• 제49호
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• pp.133-169
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• 2013

Reexamining Brecht's theoretical hypotheses in terms of cognitive science, this essay arrived at several temporary interpretations. Cognitive science implies that empathy can precede the rational understanding in Verfremdungseffekt. The spectator tends to simulate the unfamiliar incident and character and feels the consequential embodied emotion that leads to the cognitive understanding. The similar situation can be found in social gestus. According to cognitive science, gesture(social gestus) is simulated in the mirror-neuron of spectator, arousing consequently the embodied emotion that triggers the succeeding understanding. The spectator apts to experience and feel physically the moving gesture before decoding it as a social signification. Brecht's intention that attempts to reveal the duality of actor and character by eliminating the fourth wall is negated by cognitive science. According to the theory of conceptual blending, the spectator under the eliminated fourth wall mixes actor and character, and simulates this blending image so that he experiences it imaginatively. As such, another kind of illusion can be formed when a fourth wall is collapsed. Meanwhile, the critical thinking of spectator Brecht wanted can be hard to occur during the performance. It is necessary for the spectator to recollect the bygone dialogue and action in terms of social context as if he presses the pause, stopping the playback while watching a play in video. In this respect the social meaning Brecht intended can be achieved more effectively by the stop motion like tableau. It would not only give the time for the spectator to consider the implied social signification, but also make him possible to decode a semiotic meaning as if interpreting a still picture. Or it can be delivered by the dialogue that expresses the playwright's critical judgement. In this case, the subject of critical thinking is not the spectator but the author. The alternative explanation that the cognitive science suggests illuminates theoretically the reasons why Brecht's theory fails to be realized in practice. In a sense, Brecht's theory is nothing but a theoretical hypothesis. It takes the premise that the emotion hinders the rational thinking, understanding emotion and reason oppositively like Plato. This assumption is negated easily by the recent cognitive science that sees the reason as a by-product of physical experience including emotion. The rational understanding, in this sense, begins from the embodied emotion. As such the cognitive science denies the dichotomy of emotion and reason that Brecht adopted. The theoretical hypothesis of cognitive science makes us recognize again the importance of bodily experience in theatre. In theatre the spectator tends to experience physically before decoding the intellectual meaning. The spectator Brecht wanted, therefore, is far from the reality. The spectator usually experiences and reacts physically before decoding the meaning critically. Thus Brecht's intention can be realized by the embodied emotion resulted from simulation. This tentative interpretation suggests that we need to pay more attention to the empirical study of spectatorship, not remaining in a speculative study.