• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

Big tech companies are further strengthening its status against the background of data accumulation, price competitiveness by the platform, and competitive advantage due to the network effect. The competition subcommittee of the European Union(EU) imposed a huge fine on Google for antitrust violations, which was interpreted as an attempt to collect Google's unpaid taxes. In fact, taxation efforts in the form of 'Google tax' are underway, targeting expedient tax avoidance by global platforms. It has power and has a considerable influence on the startup ecosystem. The domestic sales and tax scale of global platforms, which have a great impact on domestic content startups and small and medium-sized venture companies, are not accurately measured. In the case of Google, according to research literature, sales in Korea were estimated at about 2 trillion to 3 trillion won in 2017, but Google Korea reported sales of 290 billion won in 2021 and paid 13 billion won in taxes. This study aims to verify the economic effect of the global platform that has a great influence on Korea, and specifically to quantitatively estimate the annual domestic sales and taxes of Google, a representative global platform. As a result of estimating Google's annual domestic sales and taxes based on the figures presented in the document related to Google's economic effect published by Google, the result was 4 to 9 trillion won in annual sales and 390.6 to 913.1 billion won in taxes. This study is meaningful in that it provides basic data on the direction of national and tax policies in the future digital economy era by estimating the problem of tax authority by country of global platform companies with a specific example of Google.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.203-223
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• 2023

Recently, the platform industry is rapidly growing in the global market, and competition is intensifying at the same time. Therefore, in order for domestic platform companies to have global competitiveness in the platform market, it is necessary to study the platform business ecosystem and success factors. However, most of the recent platform-related studies have been theoretical studies on the characteristics of platform business status analysis, platform economy, and indirect network externalities of platforms. Therefore, this study comprehensively analyzed the success factors of Silicon Valley's business ecosystem proposed in previous studies, and at the same time analyzed the success factors extracted from stakeholders in the actual Silicon Valley platform business ecosystem. And based on these factors, an IPA analysis was conducted as a way to propose a success plan to stakeholders in the platform business ecosystem. As a result of the analysis, among the success factors collected through previous studies, manpower, capital, and challenge culture were identified as factors that are relatively well maintained in both importance and satisfaction in Silicon Valley. In the end, it can be seen that the creation of an environment and culture in which Silicon Valley can use it to challenge itself based on excellent human resources and abundant capital contributes the most to the success of Silicon Valley's platform business. On the other hand, although it is of high importance to Silicon Valley's platform corporate ecosystem, the factors that show relatively low satisfaction among stakeholders are 'learning and benchmarking among active companies' and 'strong ties and cooperation between members', and it is analyzed that interest and effort are needed to strengthen these factors in the future. Finally, the systems and policies necessary for market autonomous competition, 'business support service industry', 'name value', and 'spin-off start-up' were important factors in literature research, but the importance and satisfaction of these factors were lowered due to changes in the times and environment. This study has academic implications in that it comprehensively analyzes the success factors of Silicon Valley's business ecosystem proposed in previous studies, and at the same time analyzes the success factors extracted from stakeholders in the actual Silicon Valley platform business ecosystem. In addition, there is another academic implications that importance and satisfaction were simultaneously examined through IPA analysis based on these various extracted factors. As for academic implications, it is meaningful in that it contributed to the formation of the domestic platform ecosystem by providing the government and companies with concrete information on the success factors of the platform business ecosystem and the theoretical grounds for the growth of domestic platform businesses.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2017

Whereas fuel economy of a vehicle is measured using a chassis dynamometer, that of construction machinery such as an excavator shall be presumably measured using simulated work cycle. In order to measure fuel consumption under a simulated work cycle, a measurement methodology, while excavator operates in dynamic(transient) motion, needs to be examined and developed. In this work, three methods (gravimetry, ECU CAN signal and mass flow meter) are studied and compared. This work reveals that when ECU CAN signal is properly calibrated and evaluated, compared to gravimetry or mass flowmeter, it could be used to measure fuel consumption with accuracy and thus for approval of the fuel economy of construction machinery.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.167-180
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• 2021

The "sharing economy" describes a type of business built on the sharing of resources - allowing customers to access goods when needed. While sharing goods has always been a common practice among friends, family, and neighbors, in recent years, the concept of sharing has moved from a community practice into a profitable business model. This study explores gaps between customers' actual usages and current policies on accommodation sharing by analyzing what needs to be done for the better establishment of sharing economy in society. The purpose of this study is to investigate perceptions of accommodation sharing by analyzing reviews and negative aspects that help resolve complaints and improve better services through policy establishment. This study investigates key attributes that influence business performance to improve citizens' decision-making for the usage of accommodation sharing. This study applies qualitative research by collecting demand- and supply-side reviews from selected registered accommodations using a random sampling procedure. This study finds that guests prefer entire house sharing with instrumental attributes related to properties. Entire house sharing of multiple dwellings shows business impacts in terms of high occupancy rate on the platform, while there are policy concerns with entire house sharing. The results provide policy and managerial implications by suggesting proper policies and considering relationships with citizens.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.37-45
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• 2022

Purpose: Leisure time is an intrinsic part of the work-life balance that enables people to rejuvenate their energy and provides a platform to maintain their health while sustaining their productivity levels. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of changes in leisure consumption culture on the modern economy through various research materials. Research design, data and methodology: To have completeness in published systematic reviews and meta-analyses, the use of the standard Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist is essential and the present research selected this research design. Results: This research figured out that individuals who spend most of their leisure time watching TV have been shown to experience lesser satisfaction in their job designation and less happiness overall and also found that Leukocyte Telomere Length is influenced by the type of leisure an individual engages in. Conclusions: Overall, this research points out that the income effect may provide an inverse relationship between work time and labor in that high income from labor makes an individual less inclined to work to make the same money they made before the increased benefits. It is a narrative that may need further research in finding the principles that govern leisure in the labor force.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.45-64
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• 2018

The global information economy is transforming the way people connect with each other, learn new things, and contribute to the knowledge society. With the online platform, library services have also expanded beyond face to face interaction. Although studies of virtual reference services have been made in different parts of the world, a case study discussing various forms of online reference engagement in Kazakhstan has not been written. While most of the theories on connectivism emphasize the context of instruction, the researchers of this paper discussed the tenets as they relate to online engagement. Applying the theory of connectivism, this paper explores through a mixed method the use of various online platforms to enhance engagement connecting library users to information. Findings revealed that differences in patterns of interactions as to platforms, types of queries, and users reveal that students, faculty, and other members of the academic community served by the library have various preferences for communication. The case study further showed that respondents have not maximized the use of VLS but interest in using both synchronous and asynchronous services is clear. Finding connections between sources of information, creating useful information patterns, is essential in learning. Amplifying awareness on the use of VLS giving emphasis to the unique features of each service is useful in order to enable students to see how this platform facilitates learning.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.15-29
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• 2021

The purpose of this paper is to explore how the Confucius Institute Chinese international promotion could better promote the development of China's foreign trade, by analyzing the distribution of the Confucius Institute worldwide, based on the theory of language economics, using SWOT analysis to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the internal environment, opportunities and challenges of the external environment of Chinese international promotion of Confucius Institute. The following findings were gathered: as a language teaching institution and information exchange platform, Confucius Institute has the ability to share trade information and increase trade opportunities; to improve cultural identity and reduce transaction costs; to promote cultural communication and integration, and drive the development of related industries. The internal disadvantages were mainly reflected in the mismatch between the global regional distribution structure of Confucius Institutes, and the economic and trade structure, such as, the asymmetry between language, culture output, and demand. In addition, the management mechanism was not perfect. External opportunities were mainly new opportunities brought by economic globalization, cultural diversity, and the development of the Belt and Road initiative. External challenges were mainly influenced by the China threat theory and the fierce cultural competition among countries. The corresponding countermeasures were put forward based on the advantages of the platform and grasping the external opportunities: improving the quality of operation and speeding up the localization process; respecting cultural differences and realizing cultural common learning; seeking multilateral cooperation and enhancing the capacity for independent development.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.235-250
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• 2021

Purpose - This study analyzed the correlation and influence between social support, trust (seller, brand), and continuous purchase intention in C2C social commerce in China. Design/methodology/approach - To test the hypothesis, SPSS and Smart PLS 3.0 statistical packages were used based on the collected data. Findings - First, it was confirmed that social support (emotional support, informational support) had a positive effect on trust in sellers. Second, it was found that trust in sellers had a positive effect on brand trust. Third, both seller trust and brand trust have a positive effect on consumers' continuous purchase intention. Research implications or Originality - When consumers gain emotional and informational support from sellers, trust in sellers will be effectively improved. Companies wishing to improve brand credibility of their products will have to outsource the sale of their products to trusted sellers. The C2C social commerce platform should build its own trust rating system, recommend sellers with high reliability ratings, and encourage sellers to provide consumers with a lot of information about their brand.

• Journal of Platform Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.82-90
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• 2022

emerging. And it shows numerous possibilities and tremendous potentials in the virtual world. This metaverse is not limited to one type, but it is evolving and developing into a service in the form of a virtual convergence economy by breaking down boundaries. As a result, various security issues in metaverse are emerging. Metaverse performs all activities in the virtual space, so various problems such as privacy infringement, virtual asset theft, or fraud can occur. In this paper, a service security model is proposed to provide safe services on metaverse. To this end, we analyze security threats in the metaverse framework and propose a security service model to prevent threats. By evaluating the security of the proposed model, it was shown that safe services are effectively possible on the metaverse.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.61-77
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• 2022

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between C2C logistics service quality(convenience, responsiveness, reliability, information and empathy) customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Design/methodology/approach - This study collected 252 survey data from consumers who use C2C platform in China. Then using SPSS 24.0 in order to analyze the data. This study used SPSS 24.0 to perform empirical analysis with 252 people who use C2C platform in China. Findings - First, it was confirmed that the quality of logistics service(convenience, responsiveness, reliability, information and empathy) had a positive effect on customer satisfaction. Second, logistics service quality(convenience, responsiveness, reliability, information and empathy) positively affects the customer loyalty. Third, there is also a strong relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Research implications or Originality - It is well known that logistics is an important part of e-commerce. Research on the influence of B2B logistics service quality on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty is more currently, but research on C2C is relatively less. Our study contributes the related research area by doing empirical analysis of the relationship between the logistics service quality and customer satisfaction and customer loyalty to provide development suggestions for C2C sellers.