• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2012

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a strong but flexible fibrin including a enrich platelet which contain growth factors and cytokines. PRF can be made very simply and requires no artificial additives unlike platelet-rich plasma. While PRF is remodeled and released in the tissue, this induces cell growth, vascularization, collagen synthesis, osteoblast differentiation and an anti-inflammatory reaction. Taking advantage of these functions, PRF can stimulate regeneration of bone and soft tissue in a diverse number of ways during the course of hemostasis, wound coverage, preservation, and reconstruction of alveolar bone. Moreover, the use of PRF to improve bone regeneration has become a recent technique in implantology. In this study, through a literature review of PRF's existing clinical applications, we classified a range of potential PRF oral and maxillofacial surgery applications including preservation of extraction sockets, guided bone graft, sinus lift, dressing and periodontal treatment. This trial gave us chance to confirm the usefulness of PRF. Recently, updated clinical studies results concerning skin and tendon wound healing have become available. These results suggest that the usage of RPF will gradually expand.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.174-180
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• 2012

성장 중인 아동에서는 치근의 성장이 계속됨에 따라 치수가 괴사되어 치근의 병변이 있는 미성숙 영구치에서도 치수의 재혈관화가 실제로 일어날 수 있다는 가능성이 제시 되고 있다. 치수의 재혈관화를 위해서는 근관 내의 감염의 조절과 함께 적절한 scaffold가 필요하며, platelet-rich plasma(PRP)가 이상적인 scaffold로 제시되었다. 최근 임상에서는 PRP의 단점을 극복한 platelet-rich fibrin(PRF)가 응용되고 있다. 본 증례에서는 치외치의 교두 파절로 인한 치수 감염으로 치근단 병변을 가진 미성숙 영구치의 근관 내에 ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, minocycline의 세 가지 항생제 적용 후 이와 함께 PRF를 적용하였다. 정기적인 검진 결과 치근단 병변의 치유와 함께 치근 성장이 관찰되었다. 이러한 보존적인 근관 치료는 미성숙 영구치에서 치근단 형성술의 대안적인 치료로서 이용될 수 있을 것이며, 향후 장기간의 임상적 관찰이 필요할 것이다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.345-350
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• 2011

Purpose: Although platelet-rich plasma (PRP) potentiate the wound healing activity of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), its effect cannot be sustained for a prolonged period of time due to short duration of action. This led us to design and produce platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), in an effort to develop a tool which lasts longer, and apply it on wound healing. Methods: Two symmetrical skin defects were made on the back of seven nude mice. ADSCs were applied to each wound, combined with either PRP or PRF. The wound area was measured over 14 days. By day 16, the wound was harvested and histologic analysis was performed including counting of the blood vessel. Results: The healing rate was more accelerated in PRP group in the first 5 days (p<0.05). However, PRF group surpassed PRP group after 6 days (p<0.05). The average number of blood vessels observed in the PRF group was $6.53{\pm}0.51$, compared with $5.68{\pm}0.71$ for the PRP group. Conclusion: PRF exerts a slow yet pervasive influence over the two-week course of the wound healing process. Thus, PRF is probably more beneficial for promoting the activity of ADSCs for a sustained period of time.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.158-164
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• 2013

임플란트 식립 시 가장 빈번하게 맞게 되는 문제점으로 임플란트 식립 부위에서의 불충분한 골량과 해부학적 구조에 의한 접근성의 문제를 들 수 있다. 일반적으로 성장 인자들은 치유 과정이나 조직 형성에 있어서 가장 기본적인 필수 요소로 인정되고 있다. 이러한 이유로 골 이식 재료의 효과를 증진시키기 위한 성장 인자들이 최근에 주목을 받고 있다. 혈소판 내 granules에는 높은 농도의 다양한 성장 인자들이 포함되어 있다. 특히, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF)는 2세대 혈소판 농축 인자로 항응고제가 들어있지 않은 상태로 얻을 수가 있고, 혈소판과 많은 성장 인자들이 풍부한 섬유소 막을 포함하고 있다. 이번 연구의 목적은 in vitro 상에서 골아 세포에 대한 PRF의 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 특히 치유와 재생에 연관된 주요 기능으로써 증식과 분화에 대한 영향을 조사하고자 하였다. 이를 위해서, PRF 내에서 방출되는 성장 인자(platelet-derived growth factor subunit B와 transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$)의 농도, 세포의 생존능력, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, type 1 collagen 합성, 골아 세포의 분화 지표로써 ALP와 Runx2의 발현 정도와 골 기질 단백질로써 type 1 collagen의 발현 정도에 대해서 조사하였다. 이 실험을 통하여 PRF는 치유 시 필요한 타당한 기간 동안에 충분히 자가 성장 인자의 방출을 유지하고 있음을 알 수 있었고, 골아 세포의 증식과 분화에 대해서 긍정적인 효과가 있음을 보여 주였다. 제한적인 실험이지만, 골재생을 위한 PRF의 사용은 골 치유와 골 개조에 있어서 증진 효과를 가져다줄 수 있는 촉망되는 방법 중 하나가 될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.250-254
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• 2010

Introduction: This study evaluated the bone regenerative effect of silk fibroin mixed with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) of a bone defect in rabbits. Materials and Methods: Ten New Zealand white rabbits were used for this study and bilateral round shaped defects were formed in the parietal bone (diameter: 8.0 mm). The silk fibroin mixed with PRF was grafted into the right parietal bone (experimental group). The left side (control group) was grafted only PRF. The animals were sacrificed at 4 weeks and 8 weeks. A micro-computerized tomography (${\mu}$CT) of each specimen was taken. Subsequently, the specimens were decalcified and stained for histological analysis. Results: The average value of plane film analysis was higher in the experimental group than in the control group at 4 weeks and 8weeks after surgery. However, the difference was not statistically significant.(P>0.05) The tissue mineral density (TMD) in the experimental group at 4 weeks after surgery was significantly higher than the control group.(P<0.05) Conclusion: Silk fibroin can be used as a scaffold of PRF for rabbit calvarial defect repair.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

Research into regenerative dentistry has added impetus onto the field of molecular biology. It can be documented as a prototype shift in the therapeutic armamentarium for dental disease. Regenerative endodontic procedures are widely being added to the current armamentarium of pulp therapy procedures. The regenerative potential of platelets has been deliberated. A new family of platelet concentrates called the platelet rich fibrin (PRF) has been recently used by several investigators and has shown application in diverse disciplines of dentistry. This paper is intended to add light on the various prospects of PRF and clinical insights to regenerative endodontic therapy.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.41.1-41.20
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• 2022

Objectives: This study compared the clinical and radiological outcomes of regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) using blood clots (BCs), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) through intraoral periapical radiography (IOPAR) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: Forty-five single-rooted necrotic teeth with periapical pathology were randomly allocated to receive BC, PRP, or PRF as an individual scaffold. Outcomes were evaluated in 35 teeth in 23 patients with a follow-up period of 12-24 months through qualitative IOPAR scoring and quantitative CBCT measurements. Healing of periapical lesions and in immature teeth, changes in the apical foramen diameter (AFD), root wall thickness (RWT), and root length (RL) were assessed. A p value less than 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: All teeth were asymptomatic except 1 in the PRP group. Periapical lesion healing was seen in all except 2 teeth in the BC group and 3 in the PRP group. Both IOPAR and CBCT revealed no significant differences in bone healing or changes in AFD, RWT, and RL among the 3 groups. A positive pulp sensibility response to the cold test was seen in 2 teeth in the BC group, but none to the electric pulp test. Intracanal calcification (ICC) was evident in more teeth in the BC group than in the PRP and PRF groups, and was also significantly higher in immature teeth. Conclusions: Our results revealed that BC, PRP, and PRF have similar potential as scaffolds in REPs, and ICC may be a concern for long-term outcomes.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.51-55
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• 2014

The term "endo-perio" lesion has been proposed to describe the destructive lesion resulting from inflammatory products found in varying degrees in both the periodontium and the pulpal tissues. In most of the cases, clinical symptoms disappear following successful endodontic therapy. However failure after conventional root canal treatment calls for surgical intervention. A 35 year old male patient with endo-perio lesion in right maxillary lateral incisor was treated with platelet rich fibrin (PRF) and alloplastic bone substitute after conventional endodontic therapy. At the end of 6 months there was gain in clinical attachment, increased radiographic bone fill and reduction in probing depth which was maintained till 18 month follow-up. Present case report aims to evaluate the efficacy of PRF and alloplastic bone substitute in the management of intrabony defect associated with endo-perio lesion in maxillary lateral incisor because the healing potential of PRF and bone graft has not been widely studied in endodontics. The use of PRF allows the clinician to optimize tissue remodelling, wound healing and angiogenesis by the local delivery of growth factors and proteins. The novel technique described here enables the clinician to be benefited from the full regenerative capacity of this autologous biologic material.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.371-381
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• 2022

Objectives: This study determined the effect of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on extraction socket bone regeneration and assessed the patterns and determinants of bone regeneration after the surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. Materials and Methods: This prospective study randomly allocated 90 patients into two treatment groups: A PRF group (intervention group) and a non-PRF group (control group). After surgical extractions, the PRF group had PRF placed in the extraction socket and the socket was sutured, while the socket was only sutured in the non-PRF group. At postoperative weeks 1, 4, 8, and 12, periapical radiographs were obtained and HLImage software was used to determine the region of newly formed bone (RNFB) and the pattern of bone formation. The determinants of bone regeneration were assessed. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: The percentage RNFB (RNFB%) was not significantly higher in the PRF group when compared with the non-PRF group at postoperative weeks 1, 4, 8, and 12 (P=0.188, 0.155, 0.132, and 0.219, respectively). Within the non-PRF group, the middle third consistently exhibited the highest bone formation while the least amount of bone formation was consistently observed in the cervical third. In the PRF group, the middle third had the highest bone formation, while bone formation at the apical third was smaller compared to the cervical third at the 8th week with this difference widening at the 12th week. The sex of the patient, type of impaction, and duration of surgery was significantly associated with percentage bone formation (P=0.041, 0.043, and 0.018, respectively). Conclusion: Placement of PRF in extraction sockets increased socket bone regeneration. However, this finding was not statistically significant. The patient's sex, type of impaction, and duration of surgery significantly influenced the percentage of bone formation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.206-215
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• 2024

Objectives: The current in vitro study aimed to assess the effects of ascorbic acid augmented albumin platelet-rich fibrin (AA Alb-PRF) on the wound healing activity of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) purported to be a regenerative biomaterial in surgical procedures. Materials and Methods: All assays were performed on three HGF groups, group I: complete media; group II: Alb-PRF, and group III: AA Alb-PRF. Alb-PRF was prepared following the protocol by Fujioka-Kobayashi et al. (2021). For preparation of AA Alb-PRF, 2,500 ㎍ AA was added to the blood pre-centrifugation. All groups were subjected to 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to estimate cell viability and proliferation, scratch assay for migration (0, 4, 12, and 24 hours) and transwell migration assay for chemotactic migration assessment (24 hours). Outcome variables were optical density (OD) for MTT assay, percentage of wound closure in scratch assay, and number of migrated cells in transwell migration assay. One-way ANOVA for MTT and transwell migration assays and two-way ANOVA for scratch assay with Bonferroni correction were performed with significance set at P<0.05. Results: Cell viability and proliferation (OD: 0.684±0.003 and proliferation: 28%) and wound closure (49.92%±1.62% at 4 hours and 61.39%±0.88% at 12 hours) were significantly higher in group III, while group II demonstrated the maximum number of HGFs migrating across the transwell membrane (9.25±2.49) with P<0.05. Conclusion: HGFs demonstrated a significant increase in viability and proliferation along with rapid wound closure in the presence AA Alb-PRF compared to Alb-PRF alone, indicating additional beneficial effects of AA. Thus, AA Alb-PRF potentiates the wound healing activity of HGFs and could be employed in oral, maxillofacial, and periodontal surgeries as a regenerative biomaterial.