• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.423-434
• /
• 2012

This study was carried out to develop for the emission factor of greenhouse gas (GHG) from medium and smallscaled incineration facility using RPF which is considering as a part of renewable energy in UNFCC. The actual concentration of the exhaust gas and the fuel composition of RPF were measured for the calculation of GHG emission factor in RPF incinerators, and were compared with the IPCC guideline. The $CO_2$ and $N_2O$ emission factors by the actual concentration of exhaust gas were $2.3575{\pm}1.0070tCO_2/tRPF$ and $0.0014{\pm}0.0014tN_2O/tRPF$ respectively. Also, $CO_2$ emission factor by the RPF composition was $2.7057{\pm}0.0540tCO_2/tRPF$. The GHG emission factor per energy by the actual concentration was $83.0867{\pm}26.0346tCO_2e/TJ$ which showed higher consistency with the GHG emission factor ($80.3967tCO_2e/TJ$) of waste plastic in the IPCC guideline (2006b). The $CO_2$ and $N_2O$ emission factor calculated in this study is considered as a meaningful data for GHG emission factor of RPF incineration facility because of not being developed in ROK.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국농업기계학회 2000년도 THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY ENGINEERING. V.III
• /
• pp.639-646
• /
• 2000

Hot air heater with light oil combustion is the most common heater for greenhouse heating in the winter season in Korea. However, since the heat efficiency of the heater is about 80%, considerable unused heat in the form of exhaust gas heat discharges to atmosphere. In order to capture this exhaust gas heat a heat recovery system for plant bed heating in the greenhouse was built and tested in the hot air heating system of greenhouse. The system consists of a heat exchanger made of copper pipes, ${\phi}\;12.7{\times}0.7t$ located inside the rectangular column of $330{\times}330{\times}900mm$, a water circulation pump, circulation plastic pipe and a water tame The total heat exchanger area is $1.5m^2$, calculated considering the heat exchange amount between flue gas and water circulated in the copper pipes. The system was attached to the exhaust gas path. The heat recovery system was designed as to even recapture the latent heat of flue gas when exposing to low temperature water in the heat exchanger. According to performance test it can recover 45,200 to 51,000kJ/hr depending on the water circulation rates of 330 to $690{\ell}$/hr from the waste heat discharged. The exhaust gas temperature left from the heat exchanger dropped to $100^{circ}C$ from $270^{circ}C$ by the heat exchange between the water and the flue gas, while water gained the difference and temperature increased to $38^{circ}C$ from $21^{circ}C$ at the water flow rate of $690{\ell}$/hr. And, the condensed water amount varies from 16 to $43m{\ell}$ at the same water circulation rates. This condensing heat recovery system can reduce boiler fuel consumption amount in a day by 34% according to the feasibility study of the actual mimitomato greenhouse. No combustion load was observed in the hot air heater.

• 자원리싸이클링
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 2015

본 연구에서는 국내외 자료를 광범위하게 분석하여 기저귀 재활용의 사업화 타당성을 조사하였다. 네덜란드의 Knowaste사는 사용후 기저귀에 포함되어 있는 펄프와 합성수지를 분리하여 펄프와 플라스틱, 고분자 흡수물질 (Super Absorbing Polymer: SAP)로 분리하는 재활용 기술로 사업을 하고 있다. 반면 국내에서 사업화가 진행되고 있는 기술은 사용전 기저귀 공정 스크랩중의 펄프와 합성수지, SAP 등이 혼합된 상태로 고형연료, 컨테이너 적재용 보드, 자동차 시트 등의 제품을 생산하는 재활용에 국한되어 있다. 국내의 사용후 기저귀 재활용 경제성 분석에 관한 선행 연구 결과는 서로 상반되는 결론을 내고 있지만 본 연구에서는 사용전 기저귀 폐기물은 상당한 경제적 타당성을 확보하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서, 사용전 기저귀를 포함한 폐기저귀 재활용 기술 개발과 정책적 지원을 통하여 '지속가능한 사회 구축'에 한발 더 근접할 수 있을 것이다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.11-22
• /
• 1992

To determine the use of waste materials as root zone soil mixtures for turfgrass culture, the effects of paper mill sludge and briquet ash on physical and chemical properties of soil and growth of turfgrasses were examined. Three turfgrass species of zoysiagrass(Zoysia japonicaSteud.). kentycky bluegrass(Poa pratensis L. 'Ram I') and creeping bentgrass(Agrostis panistris Huds 'Persucross') were cultured in 32cm diameter plastic pots containing various soil mixtures. The basic ingredients used for mixtures included sand(SD), field soil(SL), paper mill sludge(PS), sphagnum peat moss(PM) and briquet ash(BA). Seven combinations using these ingreients were mixed in different percentage by volume as follows: SD+SL+PM(80:10.10), SH+SL+PS(80:10:10), SD-PM(80:20), SD+PS (80:20), SD+BA(80:20), SD+BA+PM(60:20:20) and SD+BA+PS(60:20:20). 1. Paper mill sludge showed pH of 6.6, more than 30% of organic matter content, and higher concentrations of total N, P, k, Ca, Mg and CEC. Bulk density, fild moisture capacity and electrical conductivity of soil mixtures were increased by the comimation of 10~20% PS by volume. 2. Briquet ash showed pH of 8.0, and higher levels of P, k, Ca and Mg than those of field soiks. Bulk density, field moisture capacity and hardenss of soil mixtures were increased but vertical water flow rate and electrical conductivity were decreased by the combination of 20% BA by volume. 3. Phytotoxic effects of PS and BA on growth of turfgrasses were not found. Shoot growth of all three species was higher in soil combination of SD+BA+PS than that of SD+SL+PM added with fertilizer. However, root growth was better in soil mixtures combined with PM. Soil mixtureomposed of 60% SD, 20% BA and 20% PS by volume was most effective on growth of all three species. 4. Paper mill sludge resulted in higher N level in the leaf tissue. The contents of heavy metals such as Cd and Ph did not vary significantly among soil mixtures and species. However, the Mn level was 2~3 times higher in plants growh in mixtures containing PM compared with others, and especially it was higher in creeping bentgrass than other species.

• 한국자원리싸이클링학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2005년도 추계정기총회 및 제26회 학술발표대회 고분자리싸이클링기술 특별심포지엄
• /
• pp.97-106
• /
• 2005

현재 우리나라에서만 연간 약 26만들이 발생되고 있는 농업용 폐비닐은 재생원료로 재활용되어지면 국내외에서 그 용도가 매우 많으나 멀칭용으로 사용되었던 폐비닐은 그 오염도가 워낙 심하여 쉽게 재활용할 수 없는 처지이다. 즉 공급과 수요는 많으나 재생기술의 한계가 병목으로 작용하고 있는 현실이다. 따라서 간단하고 경제적인 방법으로 재활용할 수 있는 습식 및 건식 재생기술의 개발이 계속되어 요구되어 왔다. 강제 세척, 회전분리, 열풍 건조 및 압착성형을 이용한 새로운 간이습식공정을 통하여 멀칭용 농업용 폐비닐을 순도 95% 이상의 탄화 및 열화가 적은 압착 펠렛을 경제적으로 제조할 수 있었다. 이들의 재생 수지는 인장강도 $168.6{\pm}3.9kgf/cm^2$, 파단신을 315.8%, 인장탄성을 $2,551.8{\pm}50.1kgf/cm^2$, 굴곡강도와 굴곡탄성을 $166.7{\pm}7.4kgf/cm^2,\;5,716.2{\pm}242.2kgf/cm^2$ 그리고 충격강도는 $49.2kgf\;cm/cm$을 각각 보여 연질수지로써 기능하기 위한 충분한 성능을 보유하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 이들의 응용분야 확대를 위하여 fly ash 및 탄산칼슘을 배합하여 이들의 물성변화를 살폈다.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.686-691
• /
• 2015

본 연구에서는 SRF 성상 변화(RDF, RPF)와 성형 조건 형태(pellet, fluff)에 따른 SRF의 활용을 위한 기초연구로서 SRF의 물리화학적 특성, 연소시간에 따른 고형연료제품의 열적 감량 변화 및 발생되는 배출 가스(NOx, CO, HCl 등) 특성 연구를 수행함으로써 에너지원으로서의 활용을 위한 실험을 진행하였다. 실험결과, RPF 시료가 RDF 시료보다 폐기물의 조성이 플라스틱계열 폐기물로 균일한 성상으로 구성하고 있어 성형에 유리하고 발열량이 높으며, 연소성이 우수하여 연소감량효과도 크며 연소시간도 단축할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 또한, fluff 시료가 pellet 시료에 비해 접촉 표면적이 넓어 연소시간도 단축되어 연소효율이 우수하며, 성형에 필요한 자원을 절감할 수 있어 에너지 활용가치가 우수할 것으로 판단된다.

• 자동차안전학회지
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.24-30
• /
• 2016

In Korea, the Vehicle Dismantler and Recycler industry is supervised by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport under the Automobile Management Act. Also, Korean Automotive recycling businesses are supervised by the Minister of Environment under the Resource Recirculation Act. The main concern of the Minister of Environment is how the wastes from Dismantled vehicles will be environmentally removed, stored, treated, recycled or disposed. In 2000, the European Union (EU) adopted the End-of-Life Vehicles Directive (2000/53/EC) which required Members to ensure the collection, treatment and recovery of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs). The Directive, the most tightly regulated and precautionary legal systems, required that the last owner of a vehicle could drop off the ELV at an authorized treatment facility and that the producers of the ELV should pay the cost of the program. The adoption of the ELVs directive has led the development of Automotive Dismantler and Recycler networks to reuse, refurbish, remanufacture, recycle and recover parts and materials embedded in ELVs. Also, the ELVs directive which has had an insignificant impact on Korean manufacturers has strong presence in the European market and has been successfully externalized on them. The Korean manufacturers not only achieve the 85% recycling target set by the ELVs directive but also meet the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) which requires manufacturers to contribute dismantling process. In order to improve the Korean vehicle dismantling and recycling system, the Automobile Management Act and the Resource Recirculation Act should be harmonized. Particularly the roles of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and the Minister of Environment should be sharply divided. Like Japan, the ELV management needs to be highly centralized, regulated, and controlled by the ministry specialized in Vehicle, namely the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and the sub organizations. Like EU Members, recovery, reuse, and recycling must be distinguished. Recovery is defined as the final productive use of the parts and materials embedded in ELVs, which includes reuse and remanufacture of parts and recycling of the other materials. Dismantling process and reuse and remanufacture of parts must be governed by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. For environmental recycling or disposal of waste materials, such as CFCs, glass and plastic material, and toxic substances, governmental financial support system should be in place.

• 화약ㆍ발파
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.21-31
• /
• 2009

터널의 굴착이나 응력 재분포에 의해 터널 주변에는 암반 손상대(EDZ) 구간이 발생하게 되며, 이는 암반의 역학적 수리적 물성변화를 초래하여 추가적인 균열발생 및 지하수의 주요 공급로 역할을 하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 방사성폐기물 처분연구시설(KURT)을 대상으로 현장실험을 통해 암반변형계수를 측정하였고, 이를 바탕으로 손상대 영역을 세분화하여 FLAC2D를 이용한 전산해석을 실시하였다. 실험결과 KURT 주변에는 측정지점에 따라 0.6~1.8m의 손상영역이 발생하였으며, 손상대 구간의 변형계수 값은 주변 암반 변형계수의 약 40%에 해당하였다. 암반손상대로 인해 KURT 내 터널변위는 약 65%의 추가변위가 발생하였고, 최대 주응력은 58% 감소되었음을 확인하였다. 또한 손상대 영역의 고려로 인해 터널의 좌 우측 하단부에 발생되었던 소성 영역이 터널의 천정 및 바닥부근으로 확대되는 경향을 보였다.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.100-105
• /
• 2005

탈질화 균주인 Paracoccus denitrificans를 이용한 탈질화 공정에 있어서 탈질 효율의 증대를 위해 선행 연구를 바탕으로 화학적 permeabilization 처리 후 균주를 고정화시키는 방법을 이용하였다. 반응기는 이상적인 CSTR을 도입하여 free cell reactor와 immobilized cell reactor 그리고 permeabilized and immobilized cell reactor의 세 가지 형태의 실험을 실시하였으며, 탈질효율의 비교를 위해 M-M 식을 적용시켰다. 각 반응기의 체류시간에 따른 탈질 효과는 permeabilized and immobilized cell reactor가 가장 우수하였으며 또한 반응 평형에도 다른 두 반응기에 비해 빨리 도달하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 수산해양교육연구
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.236-243
• /
• 2006

A series of surveys are performed to evaluate the abundance, composition and distribution of marine debris on the sea bed around the Busan port. In order to set up a master plan for the marine environmental pollution the relevant maritime authority must understand how many and w㏊t kinds of marine litters are distributed on the sea bed. At first we planed to survey areas divided regularly according to the coast line but there were many sea going vessels and fishing boats. So we selected and surveyed the around area where there were no sea going vessels or fishing boats.The obtained results are as follows: 1. The mean values of litters in number and weight are 5.8 pieces/㏊. and 3.5㎏/㏊. respectively. 2. The highest density in terms of number are vinyl and plastic item, and in weight are fishing gear and ship articles. 3. The nearer to the shore we surveyed the more we collected in terms of the density of marine litters in number and in weight per hectare. 4. Eel pot, oiled waste, rope, others, other pot and net of fishing gear litters in number were 59.9, 22.7, 7.9, 4.5, 3.1 and 1.9% respectively. 5. There is no relationship between the amount of fish caught and the amount of marine debris.