• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.619-637
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• 2015

A field based non-destructive hardness method is being developed to determine plastic strain in steel elements subjected to seismic loading. The focus of this study is on the active links of eccentrically braced frames (EBFs). The 2010/2011 Christchurch earthquake series, especially the very intense February 22 shaking, which was the first earthquake worldwide to push complete EBF systems into their inelastic state, generating a moderate to high level of plastic strain in EBF active links for a range of buildings from 3 to 23 storeys in height. Plastic deformation was confined to the active links. This raised two important questions: what was the extent of plastic deformation and what effect does that have on post-earthquake steel properties? A non-destructive hardness test method is being used to determine a relationship between hardness and plastic strain in active link beams. Active links from the earthquake affected, 23-storey Pacific Tower building in Christchurch are being analysed in the field and laboratory. Test results to date show clear evidence that this method is able to give a good relationship between plastic strain and demand. This paper presents significant findings from this project to investigate the relationship between hardness and plastic strain that warrant publication prior to the completion of the project. Principal of these is the discovery that hot rolled steel beams carry manufacturing induced plastic strains, in regions of the webs, of up to 5%.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.331-340
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• 2000

For the rational and economic design of the structural elements of ships which is built using welding, the ultimate strength analyses of the plates having initial imperfections, such as welding residual stresses and strains, are needful. The welding deformation usually relied on approximative equations or based on expert's experience. But in this paper, for the thermal elasto-plastic analysis of plates, the finite element analysis was performed, based on initial strain method. In formulating the incremental analysis, unbalanced force terns were included. In the plastic domain during the incremental process, the 2nd order terns stress increment and yield stress increment were considered, so that time increment could be controlled for a more stable solution. The ultimate strength analysis program of the plates having initial imperfections was made. The ultimate strength analysis was carried out based on the results of the welding deformations of this paper. In the ultimate strength analysis the Rayleigh-Ritz method based on the minimum potential theory was used.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.325-340
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• 1995

The iterative procedure to use the nonconforming elements in elasto-plastic problems is established and applied to the variable node transition solid element developed for the automated three-dimensional local mesh refinement. Through numerical tests, the validity and performance of the element are examined. As the nonlinear iterative procedure presented in this paper is accomplished for the general three-dimensional case, it can also be easily applied to the two-dimensional elements such as membranes, plates and shells.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.784-787
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• 2003

The present work covers three-dimensional flow simulation and deformation analysis of injection molded plastic lenses using solid elements. A numerical scheme to evaluate part deformation has been proposed from the results of injection molding analysis. Proposed scheme has been applied to the injection molding processes of optical plastic lenses: a spherical lens and an aspheric lens for a photo pick-up device. Through the simulation processes. residual stress is estimated and the final deformed patters are obtained for both products. The reliability of the proposed approach has also been verified in comparison with the results of real experiments.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.123-133
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• 1995

A two dimensional visco-plastic finite element model capable of handling the multistep excavaton was developed for investigating the effect of excavation-support sequences on the behaviour of underground openings in the jointed rock mass. Ubiquitous joint pattern was considered in the model and joint properties in each set were assumed to be identical. Passive, fully-grouted rockbolts were considered in the model. Visco-plastic deformations of joints and rockbolts were assumed to be governed by Mohr-Coulomb and von Mises yield criteria, respectively. With the ability of removing elements, the model can von Mises yield criteria, respectively. With the ability of removing elements, the model can simulate the multi-step excavation-support sequences. The reliability of the model to the stability analysis for the underground excavation in practice was checked by simulating the behavior of underground crude oil storage caverns under construction.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.507-514
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• 2003

Most of CAE analyses for injection molding have been based on the Mele Shaw's approximation: two-dimensional flow analysis. in some cases, that approximation causes significant errors due to loss of the geometrical information as well as simplification of the flow characteristics in the thickness direction. Although injection molding analysis software using three-dimensional solid elements has been developed recently, such as Moldflow Flow3D, it does not contain a deformation analysis function yet. The present work covers three-dimensional deformation analysis or injection molded plastic parts using solid elements. A numerical scheme for deformation analysis has bun proposed from the results of injection molding analysis using Moldflow Flow3D. The accuracy of the proposed approach has been verified through a numerical analysis of rectangular plates with various thicknesses in comparison with the classical shell-based approach. In addition, the reliability of the approach has also been proved through an industrial example. an optical plastic lens, in comparison of real experiments.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.151-159
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• 2014

We investigated the effects of the chemical composition and the relative density on the plastic deformation behavior of sintered Fe-based alloys by means of compressive tests. Overall compressive stresses increased as the amount of alloying elements and the relative density were respectively increased. Addition of alloying elements except for Mo increased the yield stress regardless of the relative density. The relationship between the effects of the chemical composition and the relative density and the mean rate of the stress increase was analyzed. A constitutive equation based on the Ludwik equation with the regressed parameters was proposed to predict the compressive true stress-true strain curves of the sintered Fe-based alloys. The K and n values used in the proposed equation were regressed as a function of the alloying elements and the relative density based on the individual K and n values. The plastic deformation behavior predicted using the proposed constitutive equation showed reliable accuracy compared with experimental data.

• KCI Concrete Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2001

In this study, a numerical model for the simulation of reinforced concrete columns subject to cyclic loading is presented. The model consists of three separate models representing concrete, reinforcing steel bars and bond-slip between a reinforcing bar and ambient concrete. The concrete model is represented by the plane stress plastic-damage model and quadrilateral finite elements. The nonlinear steel bar model embedded in truss elements is used for longitudinal and transverse reinforcing bars. Bond-slip mechanism between a reinforcing bar and ambient concrete is discretized using connection elements in which the hysteretic bond-slip link model defines the bond stress and slip displacement relation. The three models are connected in finite element mesh to represent a reinforced concrete structure. From the numerical simulation, it is shown that the proposed model effectively and realistically represents the overall cyclic behavior of a reinforced concrete column. The present plastic-damage concrete model is observed to work appropriately with the steel bar and bond-slip link models in representing the complicated localization behavior.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.400-404
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• 2001

A micro-PIV(particle image velocimetry) measurement has been conducted to investigate flow fields in such microfluidic devices as microchannels and micronozzle. The present study employs a state-of-art micro-PIV system which consists of epi-fluorescence microscope, 620nm diameter fluorescent seed particles and an 8-bit megapixel CCD camera. Velocity vector fields with a resolution of $6.7\times6.7{\mu}m$ has been obtained, and the attention has been paid on the effect of varying measurement conditions of particle diameter and particle concentration on the resulting PIV results. In this study, the microfluidic elements were fabricated on plastic chips by means of MEMS processes and a subsequent molding process. Flow fields in a variety of microchannels as well as micronozzle have been investigated.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.857-879
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• 2013

Numerical damage assessment of Van train station building consisting of three RC blocks due to 2011 Van Earthquakes by nonlinear dynamic analysis is presented. The structural model is created with rigid-end offsets and plastic hinges for nonlinear analysis. Rigid-end offsets are considered for connection areas and proposed for wall-supported elements. In wall-supported elements, walls take place in a limited part of the columns. Nonlinear dynamic analysis of the building with and without rigid-end offsets is performed by using real earthquake records and results are compared. The results show that rigid-end offsets have significant effects on the seismic behavior of the structures.