• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.757-774
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• 2015

Reinforcing soils with the geosynthetics have been shown to be an effective method for improving the uplift capacity of granular soils. The pull-out resistance of the reinforcing elements is one of the most notable factors in increasing the uplift capacity. In this paper, a new reinforcing element including the elements (anchors) attached to the ordinary geogrid for increasing the pull-out resistance of the reinforcement, is used. Thus, the reinforcement consists of the geogrid and anchors with the cylindrical plastic elements attached to it, namely grid-anchors. A three-dimensional numerical study, employing the commercial finite difference software FLAC-3D, was performed to investigate the uplift capacity of the pipelines buried in sand reinforced with this system. The models were used to investigate the effect of the pipe diameter, burial depth, soil density, number of the reinforcement layers, width of the reinforcement layer, and the stiffness of geogrid and anchors on the uplift resistance of the sandy soils. The outcomes reveal that, due to a developed longer failure surface, inclusion of grid-anchor system in a soil deposit outstandingly increases the uplift capacity. Compared to the multilayer reinforcement, the single layer reinforcement was more effective in enhancing the uplift capacity. Moreover, the efficiency of the reinforcement layer inclusion for uplift resistance in loose sand is higher than dense sand. Besides, the efficiency of reinforcement layer inclusion for uplift resistance in lower embedment ratios is higher. In addition, by increasing the pipe diameter, the efficiency of the reinforcement layer inclusion will be lower. Results demonstrate that, for the pipes with an outer diameter of 50 mm, the grid-anchor system of reinforcing can increase the uplift capacity 2.18 times greater than that for an ordinary geogrid and 3.20 times greater than that for non-reinforced sand.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.265-283
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• 2021

To ensure that fire induced collapse of a building is prevented it is important to understand the sequence of events that can lead to this event. In this paper, the initiation of collapse mechanisms of generic a multi-storey steel frame subjected to vertical and horizontal travelling fires are analysed computationally by tracking the formation of plastic hinges in the frame and generation of fire induced loads. Both uniform and travelling fires are considered. In total 58 different cases are analysed using finite element software LS-DYNA. For the frame examined with a simple and generic structural arrangement and higher applied fire protection to the columns, the results indicate that collapse mechanisms for singe floor and multiple floor fires can be each split into two main groups. For single floor fires (taking place in the upper floors of the frame (Group S1)), collapse is initiated by the pull-in of external columns when heated beams in end bays go into catenary action. For single floor fires occurring on the lower floors(Group S2), failure is initiated (i.e. ultimate strain of the material is exceeded) after the local beam collapse. Failure in both groups for single floor fires is governed by the generation of high loads due to restrained thermal expansion and the loss of material strength. For multiple floor fires with a low number of fire floors (1 to 3) - Group M1, failure is dominated by the loss of material strength and collapse is mainly initiated by the pull-in of external columns. For the cases with a larger number of fire floors (5 to 10) - Group M2, failure is dominated by thermal expansion and collapse is mainly initiated by swaying of the frame to the side of fire origin. The results show that for the investigated frame initiation of collapse mechanisms are affected by the fire type, the number of fire floors, and the location of the fire floor. The findings of this study could be of use to designers of buildings when developing fire protection strategies for steel framed buildings where the potential for a multifloor fire exists.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.281-287
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• 2019

최적의 환기시스템 활용과 에너지 절약을 위한 급 배기공기 간의 열교환을 적용시킨 열회수시스템의 활용과 보급은 에너지관리시스템에서 필수적이다. 이러한 기술은 특히, 겨울철과 여름철의 냉난방에너지를 절약할 수 있어 고효율에너지 빌딩의 기반기술의 주요 요소이다. 본 논문에서는 균일한 형상과 동일한 유동조건에서 열교환기 성능을 비교하기 위해 종이, 플라스틱, 알루미늄을 재질로 시뮬레이션을 통한 열전달효율을 검토하였다. 또한 평판형과 굴절형 구조를 갖는 열교환기의 형상에 따른 열전달 효율을 시험하였고, 그 결과를 토대로 열전달 성능과 압력손실에 대해 고성능의 열교환기를 제작하는데 기여를 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2019

아스팔트 콘크리트(AC) 궤도는 열차 하중에 의한 궤도 하부노반의 발생응력을 최소화하고, 적외선에 민감한 AC의 노출면적을 감소시켜 온도 영향에 따른 AC 도상의 소성변형을 줄일 수 있는 슬래브 패널 개발이 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 형상 설계 및 실내성능시험을 통해 AC 궤도용 슬래브 패널을 개발하였으며, KRL-2012 표준열차하중 모델 및 KR-C코드에 의한 다양한 정적 하중조합에 따른 슬래브 패널에 작용하는 휨 인장응력 및 설계모멘트를 유한요소해석을 통해 구조 안전성을 검토하였다. 또한 AC 궤도용 슬래브 패널의 설계 적합성을 검증하기 위하여, EN 13230-2에 의거 슬래브 패널 주요 위치별로 정적 휨 강도 시험, 동적 휨 강도 시험을 수행하였다. 성능 시험 결과, AC 궤도용 슬래브 패널은 균열 하중 및 균열 확대 여부 등 유럽 표준에서 요구되는 성능 기준을 모두 만족하였다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.353-360
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• 2019

청나라 화병의 형태를 활용한 옻칠 조형 가구 디자인 개발 논문은 중국 도자 역사상 가장 탁월하게 발달하였던 청나라시대 화병도자 기형을 조사하고, 분석하여 그 시대 화병도자기의 기본형을 찾고 화병에서 나타난 화병 자체의 형태를 응용하여 칠기작품 디자인의 조형적 근거를 마련하고자 하였다. 청나라시대의 화병에 나타난 조형요소 중 형태에 주안점을 두고, 그 형태의 종류를 분석하고, 사용된 재료의 조사와 각종 문헌을 통하여 중국 청나라시대 병도자기의 형태를 고찰한다. 중국 청나라 화병도자 기형을 실험에 의해 나온 자료를 기본으로 하여 옻칠 제작법 중에서 협저탈태칠기로 적용하여 앉는 가구를 디자인 한다. 이번 옻칠 조형가구 제작과 연구를 통하여 만들어진 결과물이 옻칠과 가구디자인의 결합에 새로운 학문적인 체계 구축과 오늘날 옻칠가구에서 절실히 요구되고 있는 새로운 조형사고와 신 조형기술을 발전시키는데 미약하나마 도움이 되기를 기대한다.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.299-313
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• 2019

The paper represents computer modeling of the deformed state of physically nonlinear transversally isotropic bodies with hole. In order to describe the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of transversally-isotropic materials a structurally phenomenological model has been used. This model allows representing the initial material in the form of the coupled isotropic materials: the basic material (binder) considered from the positions of continuum mechanics and the fiber material oriented along the anisotropy direction of the original material. It is assumed that the fibers perceive only the axial tensile-compression forces and are deformed together with the base material. To solve the problems of the theory of plasticity, simplified theories of small elastoplastic deformation have been used for a transversely-isotropic body, developed by B.E. Pobedrya. A simplified theory allows applying the theory of small elastoplastic deformations to solve specific applied problems, since in this case the fibrous medium is replaced by an equivalent transversely isotropic medium with effective mechanical parameters. The essence of simplification is that with simple stretching of composite in direction of the transversal isotropy axis and in direction perpendicular to it, plastic deformations do not arise. As a result, the intensity of stresses and deformations both along the principal axis of the transversal isotropy and along the perpendicular plane of isotropy is determined separately. The representation of the fibrous composite in the form of a homogeneous anisotropic material with effective mechanical parameters allows for a sufficiently accurate calculation of stresses and strains. The calculation is carried out under different loading conditions, keeping in mind that both sizes characterizing the fibrous material fiber thickness and the gap between the fibers-are several orders smaller than the radius of the hole. Based on the simplified theory and the finite element method, a computer model of nonlinear deformation of fibrous composites is constructed. For carrying out computational experiments, a specialized software package was developed. The effect of hole configuration on the distribution of deformation and stress fields in the vicinity of concentrators was investigated.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.547-563
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• 2020

In this paper, the influence of axial compression ratio on the mechanical properties of new type joints of side span of rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular column-H-type steel beam is studied. Two new types of side-span joints of rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular column-H-type steel beam are designed and quasi-static tests of five new type joints with 1:2 scale reduction ratios are performed. The axial compression ratio of joint JD1 is 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5, and the axial compression ratio of joint JD2 is 0.3 and 0.5. In the joint test, different axial forces were applied to the top of the column according to different axial compression ratios, and low-cyclic reciprocating load was applied on the beam. The stress and strain distribution, beam and column deformation, limit state, failure process, failure mechanism, stiffness degradation, ductile deformation and energy dissipation capacity of the joint were measured and analyzed. The results show that: with the increase of axial compression ratio, the ultimate bearing capacity of the joint decreases slightly, the plastic deformation decreases, and the stiffness and ductility decrease. According to the energy dissipation curve of the specimen, the equivalent damping coefficient also increases with the increase of axial compression ratio in a certain range, indicating that the increase of axial compression ratio can improve the seismic performance of the joint to a certain extent. The finite element method is used to simulate the joint test, and the test results are in good agreement with the simulation results.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 2주탑 콘크리트 사장교를 대상으로 경계조건에 따른 지진 취약도 곡선을 작성하고, 경계조건이 교량의 지진 취약도에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 한다. 대상교량에 대한 해석모델이 Midas Civil을 사용하여 구축되었고 Fiber요소와 콘크리트, 철근의 재료모델을 적용하여 비선형 시간이력해석을 수행하였다. 주탑과 보강형 사이의 경계조건을 강결, 비구속, 포트받침, 면진받침의 총 4가지로 구분하여 각각의 경계조건에 대해 지진 취약도 곡선을 작성하였다. 주탑의 소성힌지구간과 연결부, 케이블을 취약부재로 선정하고 이 부재들에 대해 지진 취약도 곡선을 작성하였다. 분석결과 주탑의 소성힌지구간과 연결부에서는 면진받침모델이 가장 낮은 손상확률을 나타내고, 케이블의 지진 취약도는 경계조건에 의한 영향이 다른 부재에 비해 크지 않은 것을 알 수 있다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.393-401
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 폭발하중을 받는 부재의 저항성능 평가를 위한 모멘트-곡률 관계 기반 수치해석 기법을 소개한다. 직접전단 파괴 모드를 고려하기 위하여 경험적인 직접전단응력-슬립양 관계를 기반으로 하는 무차원 스프링 요소를 도입하였다. 재료에 대해 정의된 동적증가계수 식을 바탕으로 단면의 모멘트-곡률 관계에 직접적으로 적용가능한 단면의 곡률 변화율에 따른 동적증가계수 식을 제작하였다. 또한 부착슬립의 영향을 고려하기 위하여 소성힌지영역 내에 등가 휨강성을 도입하였다. 제안된 수치해석 모델의 타당성 검증을 위하여 실험결과와의 비교연구를 수행하였으며, 단자유도계 모델의 해석결과와의 비교를 통해 본 수치해석 모델의 우수성을 확인하였다. P-I 선도를 제작하여 부재의 휨 파괴 및 직접전단 파괴에 대한 저항성능을 평가하였으며, 매개변수 연구를 수행하여 P-I 선도 및 저항성능의 변화를 확인하였다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2022

Harmonic drives have attracted increasing attention with the development of materials, parts, and related equipment. Harmonic drives exhibit high deceleration, high accuracy, and light weight. The stiffness of flexible splines according to the radial load is studied using a commercial FEM program to design the structure of the flexible spline and finite element to improve the weight and price competitiveness of harmonic drives. In addition, several studies have measured and compared friction coefficients based on 3D printed tread patterns. However, owing to the characteristics of plastic materials, a decrease in stiffness in the radial direction is inevitable. To prevent a decrease in stiffness in the radial direction, we designed and manufactured flex splines with a wrinkle shape. Through structural analysis, the reaction force and stiffness in the radial direction were determined. In addition, the maximum angle of the mound was derived by theoretical calculations, and the performance of the harmonic drive was compared with the results obtained in the mound experiment. Structural analysis shows that the shape of wrinkles decreased the stress and reaction force and increased the safety factor in comparison with that of the circular shape. During performance verification through continuous experiments, the developed harmonic drive showed continuous performance similar to that of an actual tank model. It is expected that the flex spline with a compliant spring and wrinkle shape will prevent a decrease in the radial stiffness.