• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2018

The finite difference software Flac3D is used to study the influence of tunnel burial depth, tunnel diameter and lateral pressure coefficient of original rock stress on the stress and deformation of tunnel surrounding rock under sandstone condition. The results show that the maximum shear stress, the radius of the plastic zone and the maximum displacement in the surrounding rock increase with the increase of the diameter of the tunnel. When the lateral pressure coefficient is 1, it is most favorable for surrounding rock and lining structure, with the increase or decrease of lateral pressure coefficient, the maximum principal stress, surrounding displacement and plastic zone range of surrounding rock and lining show a sharp increase trend, the plastic zone on the lining increases with the increase of buried depth.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.62-66
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• 2008

Machine parts subjected to fluctuating or cyclic loads induce repeated stresses that often result in failure by fatigue. In such cases, the fatigue failures unfortunately sometimes occur. These may arise from a lack of knowledge with regard to the design, fabrication and operation of the machines or structures. The failure analysis provides valuable information regarding the prevention of similar failures. Furthermore, this information will be useful to improve or to develop new products. Failure stress analysis is classified into X-ray fractography. X-ray fractography has the limited applications because of material crystal size, difficult measurement method, electrolytic polishing precision, and long test time. Therefore, this study proposed the new method to improve the measurement precision of plastic zone depth and test time using TRIZ.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.152-158
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• 2000

A finite element analysis has been performed to investigate the effect of die clearance on shear planes in the fine blanking of a part of automobile safety belt. For the analysis, S45C is selected as an material, which is used in manufacturing the part of automobile safety belt, and Cockcroft-Latham fracture criterion is applied. Effect of die Clearance on die-roll width, die-roll depth, burnish zone, and fracture zone has been investigated in the finite element analysis by a rigid-plastic FEM code, DEFORM-2D. From the analysis, it has been found that die-roll depth and depth of the shear plane increase with increasing die clearance. And the burnish zone decreases with increasing die clearance, but the variation of fracture zone is opposite to that of burnish zone because the increase in die clearance requires less fracture energy. Theoretical predictions are compared with experimental results. There is a good agreement between theory and experiment.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.321-332
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• 2020

The loss of composite action at the hogging moment zone for a continuous composite girder reduces the girder stiffness and strength. This paper presents an experimental investigation of the use of an ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) slab at the hogging moment zone and a normal concrete (NC) slab at the sagging moment zone. The testing was conducted to verify the level of loading at which composite action is maintained at the hogging moment zone. Four two-span continuous composite girders were tested. The thickness of the UHPC varied between a half and a full depth of slab. The degree of shear connection at the hogging moment zone varied between full and partial. The experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of the UHPC slab to enhance the girder stiffness and maintain the composite action at the hogging moment zone at a load level much higher than the upper service load limit. To a lesser degree enhanced performance was also noted for the smaller thickness of the UHPC slab and partial shear connection at the hogging moment zone. Plastic analysis was conducted to evaluate the ultimate capacity of the girder which yielded a conservative estimation. Finite element (FE) modeling evaluated the girder performance numerically and yielded satisfactory results. The results indicated that composite action at the hogging moment zone is maintained for the degree of shear connection taken as 50% of the full composite action and use of UHPC as half depth of slab thickness.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.114-122
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• 1994

X-ray stress constant, K, was determined for the diffraction line of (211)plane by using Cr-K$\alpha$ radiation. K was -340.87 MPa/deg. Fatigue crack propagation tests of SS41 steel were conducted under stress ratios of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5. The half-value breadth of X-ray diffraction profile was measured at and beneath the fracture surface. The half-value breadth, B, on the fracture surface was found to increase with increasing $K_max$. The value of B was influenced by stress ratio in SS41 steel. The half-value breadth took the maximum value at the borden of reversed plastic zone, while it approached to the initial (pre-fatigue) value near the boundary of monotonic plastic zone. The maximum depth of the plasticzone was evaluated on the basis of the half-value breadth distribution. The depth $\omega$$_y$ is related to $K_max$by the following equation : $\omega$$_y$ = $\alpha$($K_max$/$\sigma$$_y$$)^2$ where .sigma.$\sigma$$_y$ is the yield strength obtength obtained in tension test .alpha.is 0.136 for SS41 steel.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.823-837
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• 2023

This paper presents the seismic performance of seven beam-column joints with an eccentricity between beam depths under cyclic loadings. The failure modes of the panel zone were divided into two types. One was the shear force failure that appeared in the entire panel zone (SFEPZ), the other was the shear force failure that appeared in the partial panel zone (SFPPZ). Seven finite element models were established using multi-scale methods. Compared with the experimental specimens, the hysteretic loops exhibited a similar trend. The multi-scale models could accurately simulate the experimental results. Furthermore, the calculation formulas of yield and plastic shear capacity of unequal-depth joints with outer annular stiffener were proposed.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.61-66
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• 1996

The subsequent recrystallizations technique, and experimental strain measurement method by use of recrystallization phenomena, has been successfully applied for the observation of machined surface plastic zones with equivalent plastic strain .epsilon. .geq. 0.5, 0.12 and 0.02 of type 304 stainless steel. The depth of the zone with .epsilon. .geq. 0.5 is very small, 10-15 .mu. m, while those with .epsilon. .geq. 0.12 are 100-200 .mu. m and 200-450 .mu. m, respectively. The depths increase with increasing depth of cut and with decreasing rake angle. The relation between the depth of the zones and the cutting paramenters is shown. The deformation state ahead of the quick-stop cut was also well visualized by the technique.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.235-241
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• 1997

거봉과 같은 대립계 4배체 포도의 근역제한 재배에서 품질향상과 수량을 증대시키려면 포도수체 지상부의 기온과 상대습도 뿐만 아니라 근권부의 지온과 토양수분을 적정하게 관리하는 것이 중요하다. 거봉의 2기작을 위한 근역 제한 재배에서 지중가온과 토양수분을 조절하면서 근권부의 지온과 토양수분 홉인합의 변화 특성을 살펴보고자 시도된 본 연구에서 나타난 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 가온 시기에 주간의 최고 기온과 야간 기온의 평균치는 각각 25.1~32.7$^{\circ}C$, 18$^{\circ}C$ 이고, 상대습도는 주간 최저치와 야간 최고치가 각각 50~55%, 84~87%로 나타났다. 2. 지중 15cm 깊이에서 지중 가온구와 지중 무가온구 지온의 평균치는 각각 25.6$^{\circ}C$, 17.4$^{\circ}C$로서 지온의 적정 범위에 해당되어 본 실험에서 적용된 온수보일러에 의한 지중 가온이 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 3. 15cm 깊이에서 토양수분 흡인압의 목표치를 pF 2.2로 설정하였을 때 관수 개시와 함께 15cm 깊이에서의 흡인압은 pF 1.5 정도까지 하강하였으나, 이후에는 흡인압이 상승하면서 pF 2.0~2.2를 유지하여 토양수분 흡인압의 조절이 효과적으로 이루어졌다. 그러므로 근역 제한 재배에서 관수 개시점을 결정하기 위한 지표로서 지중 15cm 깊이에서 측정된 토양수분 홉인압을 이용하는 것이 바람직하다. 4. 거봉의 근역 제한 재배에서 신초의 도장을 방지하려면 근권부의 효과적인 배수 대책이 요구된다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.47-56
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• 1993

Typical plastic strains in the machined surface are very difficult to measure, since they are located within a very short distance from the surface and they change very rapidly. There is an alternative way to determine the residual strain in plastically deformed materials by measuring the grain size after a subsequent recrystallization precess. Although, this technique has been successfully applied by several researchers to find the plastic zone around notches and cracks in various materials and welding beads, few works have been reported using the recrystallization method to determine the residual strains in machined surface. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation is to explore the effectiveness of the recrystallization technique in machining applications and in particular, to find the effect of cutting parameters, i.e., depth of cut, rake angle, on the plastic strains. As the result, the recrystallization technique was succesfully applid to determine the plastic strain in machined surface.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.87-95
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• 1998

Field instrumentation and numerical analysis by the finite difference method were applied to estimate the relaxed zone in a subway tunnel of shallow depth in soft rock, excavated by NATM. The convergence and ground displacement can be used to estimate the deformation behavior and the relaxed zone. Parameters for the several models previously suggested were measured using regression analysis techniques adopting a function of time and the face advance. The estimated relaxed zone by the MPBX and FDM analysis were 1.5~3.0 m and 1.5~2.0 m, respectively. It was concluded that the visco-elastic model and the time-dependent elasto-plastic model correlate very well ($r^2$>0.9) with results of the numerical analyses.