• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.220-225
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• 1993

Effect of BR-900317 on the angiotensin I-induced pressor response in pithed rats and the effects of its single oral administration on plasma angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activities in normotensive rats and on the cardiovascular system in hypertensive model rats (SHR, RHR), were compared with those of captopril. BR-900317 attenuated the angiotensin I-induced pressor effects in pithed rats. In a single oral dose administration study, BR-900317 inhibited the plasma ACE activities in a dose-dependent fashion. Duration of the action of BR-900317 was similar to that of captopril. BR-900317 produced antihypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats and dose-dependent antihypertensive effect in 2-kidney Goldblatt hypertensive rats without affecting heart rate. These results suggest that the main mechanism of the antihypertensive effect of BR-900317 is the suppression of angiotensin II production due to the inhibition of the ACE.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.1067-1072
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• 1997

One known effect of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is their ability to decrease plasma triglycerides. However, identification of the specific n-3 fatty acids and the underlying mechanisms responsible for this change remains uncertain. This present study was designed to evaluate the effects of moderate levels of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (22 :6(n-3)) on modulating plasma triglyderides. Male CD-1 mice were maintained for 15 days on identical diets containing either docosahexahexaenoic acid ethyl ester(1.5%, w/w) or linoleic acid(18 : 2(n-6)) ethyl ester (1.5%, w/w) . Plasma triglycerides were 40% lower in the docosahexaenoic acid group than in the linoleic acid group. Hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity (a key regulatory enzyme for mitocondria $\beta$-oxidation) was not significantly different between the dietary groups. However, plasma acid soluble acylcarnitine levels (which increase with increasing $\beta$-oxidation )were significantly higher in the decosahexaenoic acid group. This data suggests that plasma triglyceride levels are lower in mice fed diets containing moderate levels of docosahexaenoic acid compared to linoleic acid, but this effect on plasma triglycerides is not modulated through an augmentation of mitochondrial $\beta$-oxidation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.43-43
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• 2010

We have characterized the parametric and functional properties of live cell and cancer cell according to plasma treatment conditions using Atmospheric Pressure (AP) Plasma with uniquely designed low temperature arc-free unit. AP plasma system showed very highly efficient capabilities of reacting and interfacing directly with live and cancer cells. The parametric results with the types of gases, applied power, applied gap, and process times on cells will be presented in accordance with functional studies of the works. The growth of cancer cells is directly influenced by AP plasma exposure with evaluating plasma conditions in several human cancer cells and understanding how plasma exposure alters molecular signaling pathways. The cells exhibit a slower or faster growth rates compared with untreated cells, depending on the cell types. These results strongly support the conclusion that alterations in one or more of each gene are responsible, at least in part, for plasma-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. In addition, it also will be presented that AP plasma has an important role for the improvement of sensor performance due to excellent interface property between enzyme and metal electrode for bio sensor manufacturing process.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.344-348
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• 1999

A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) for the detection of antibodies to Treponema pallidum(T.pallidum) was developed and evaluated. T.apllidum lysate was immobilized on the surface of microplate wells and horseradish peroxidase labeled human anti-T.pallidum lysate was immobilized on the surface of microplate wells and horseradish peroxidase labeled human anti-T.pallidum was prepared and used as a tracer. The performance of the competitive ELISA was evaluated by using different specimens. The competitive ELISA showed a sensitivity of 100% in a performance panel consisting of serum and plasma with anti-T.pallidum reactivity ranging from negative to strong positive by FTA-ABS test system and 120 plasma samples positive by TPHA. The specificity of the competitive ELISA was 100% in 1,200 plasma samples collected from healthy seronegative blood donors. These results suggest that the competitive ELISA provides an excellent assay method for the detection of antibodies to T.pallidum, and may be particularly useful for serological blood screening of syphilis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.238-239
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• 2001

The egg-yolk precursor vitellogenin(VTG) is secreted by the liver of female and male fish, in response to estrogenic compound. Carp(Cryprinus carpio) vitellogenin of one major protein is 160kDa, two minor proteins is 110kDa and 170kDa. We were induced vitellogenin by inject of 17-estradiol and purified in a two step procedure by separating it from plasma protein precipitated by 35% saturated ${(NH_4)}_2SO_4$ and then from the remainder by Mono-Q chromatography. We found major carp(Cyprinus carpio) vitellogenin band at 160kDa. Effect of different concentration of oestrogen on vitellogenin synthesis in carp(Cyprinus carpio) exposed for 4 weeks. Show differential effects on vitellogenin synthesis 7 days after treatment. Plasma vitellogenin was measured 3 times for each by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). ELISA was developed for the detection of the egg yolk precursor vitellogenin in plasma of carp(Cyprinus carpio). The ELISAS performance was optimized and characterized.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.703-712
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• 1996

This study planned to compare the effects of source and amount of dietary n-3 fatty acid, tuna oil and perilla oil, on lipid metabolism and eicosanoids production in Spargue-Dawley strain male rats. Weaning rats were fed 5 different experimantal diets for 4 weeks. (S : beef tallow 50%+sesame oil 50%, T1 : beef tallow 50%+sesame oil 40%+tuna oil 10%, T2 : beef tallow 50%+sesame oil 25%+tuna oil 25%, P1 : beef tallow 50%+sesame oil 40%+perilla oil 10%, P2 : beef tallow 50%+sesame oil 25%+perilla oil 25%) Food intake was higher in T2 group than in other groups, but body weight gain and food efficiency tate were not different among groups. Plasma total lipid and triglyceride were significantly lower in groups fed perilla oil as much as groups fed tuna oil than in S. But tuna oil reduced plasma cholesterol level more than perilla oil. Liver total lipid per unit, cholesterol and triglyceride were not affected by dietary fat sources. Peroxisomal $\beta$-oxidation was higher in T1 and T2 than in P1 and P2. Activities of glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme were lower in T1 and T2 than in group fed sesame oil only. Plasma TXB2 was affected by n-3 fatty acid consumption, and it was lower in perilla oil groups as much as tuna oil groups than in S. But 6-keto PGF1$\alpha$ was not different among experimental groups. The results of this study indicated that tuna oil and perilla oil both decreased plasma lipids, however, the mechanism may be different. And tuna oil and perilla oil had a similar effects on eicosanoids production.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2017

Objectives Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene and plasma levels of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), have previously been determined to be associated with depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of plasma levels of ACE and cytokines with recurrent depression. Methods A total of 52 participants (14 male, 38 female, aged $43.9{\pm}14.0years$) were enrolled after being diagnosed with depression by experienced psychiatrists using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview from the outpatient clinic of the Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center. The participants completed blood sampling, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), the Beck Depression Inventory, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the Scale for Suicidal Ideation. Results ACE plasma levels are higher in patients with recurrent depression ($27.4{\pm}10.4U/L$) than in patients with newly diagnosed depression ($19.1{\pm}7.7U/L$) (p = 0.004). The levels of cytokines, such as $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, are not significantly different between the two groups. Additionally, the ACE plasma level is negatively correlated with a reduction in the HAMD over six weeks (r = -0.429, p = 0.046, n = 22). Conclusions The current findings show that plasma ACE levels may be associated with recurrent depression and further suggest that the renin-angiotensin system could play a role in recurrent depression.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.937-949
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• 2008

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the anti-hepatotoxic effect of ginseng in rats induced with CC14 or TCDD, the toxicities that cause liver damages. Primary studies were collected from the ScienceDirect database, the DBpia, and the KISS. The data on the effect factors in plasma and in enzyme are listed as many as possible: The effect factors were alanine transaminase(ALT), aspartate transaminase(AST), liver aminopyrine N-demethylase(AD), liver aniline hydroxylase(AH), liver 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine(liver MDA), cytochrome P450(P450), serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP), serum lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), cytochrome b5(Cyto b5), glutathione reductase (GR), Liver glutathione S-transferase(GST), liver glutamyltransferase (GT), Liver($\gamma$-GCS), serum liver 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine(serum MDA), serum sorbitol dehydrogenase(SDH), serum total protein(TP), and serum $\gamma$-glutamyltransferase($\gamma$-GT). In order to investigate the effect of ginseng, the standard mean difference(HG) between the group of rats induced with toxicity(RH) and the group of rats induced with ginseng(RHG) were combined, and the significance of HGs were tested. The combined HGs checked the biases caused by heterogeneity among studies and the publication biases. Then they were adjusted by using the random effect model and trim and fill method. Although the publication biases were assumed, among all plasma factors the HGs of ALT, AST, serum MDA, SDH, TP, and $\gamma$-GT were significant, and among all enzyme factors the HGs of liver MDA, Cyto b5, GR, GST, and GT were significant. The treatment with ginseng significantly affected the plasma and enzyme levels in rats induced with toxicity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.161-170
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• 2008

The aim of this meta-analysis was to systematically investigate the anti-hepatotoxic effect of ginseng in rats induced toxicity which damage to liver. Primary researches were gained on the ScienceDirect database, the DBpia, and the KISS, and the data about the effect factors in plasma and in enzyme were listed as many as possible. The effect factors were alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), liver aminopyrine N-demethylase (AD), liver aniline hydroxylase (AH), liver 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (liver MDA), cytochrome P450 (P450), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cytochrome b5 (Cyto b5), glutathione reductase (GR), Liver glutathione S-transferase (GST), liver glutamyltransferase (GT), Liver (${\gamma}-GCS$), serum liver 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (serum MDA), serum sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), serum total protein (TP), serum ${\gamma}-glutamyltransferase$ (${\gamma}-GT$). To investigate the effect of ginseng, the mean difference (MD) between the group of rats induced by toxicity (RH) and the group of rats induced by toxicity with ginseng (RHG) were combined, and the significance of MDs were tested. The combined MDs were checked the biases caused by heterogeneity among studies and the publication biases, and adjusted by using random effect model and trim and fill method, respectively. The effect about ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, SDH, TP and ${\gamma}-GT$ in plasma factors were significant, and about AD, liver MDA, P450, Cyto b5, GR, GST, GT and ${\gamma}-GCS$ in enzyme factors were significant. The treatment with ginseng supplementation was significantly effected on plasma and enzyme factors of damaged-rats.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.90-97
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• 2005

By measuring changes in blood lactate and plasma enzyme (CPK, GOT, GPT) with electrical stimulation applied at two duty cycles, this study is intended to look into which type of duty cycle may have more effects on blood lactate and plasma enzyme constituents through animal experiment so as to determine any duty cycle appropriate for electrical treatment. In this study, electrical stimulation was applied to total 20 Korean house rabbits (weight: 3~3.5 kg) by means of an electrical therapeutic apparatus called TS6000 (made in Netherlands) at duty cycle of 50% and 20% respectively for 30 minutes. Here, 5 cc of blood was collected from their carotid artery before stimulation and in 30 minutes after stimulation respectively to carry out biochemical experiment and analysis. As determined through the above experiment, blood lactate rate was increased to 333.07% at 50% duty cycle after experiment and 185.71% at 20% duty cycle after experiment respectively. In both cases, blood lactate rate was significantly increased to higher level after electrical stimulation than before. Moreover, the rate of change in the average of blood lactate rate at both duty cycles also showed significant differences. CPK rate was boosted to 301.82% at 50% duty cycle after experiment and 321.35% at 20% duty cycle after experiment respectively. In both cases, CPK rate was remarkably boosted to higher level after stimulation than before (p<.05). However, there was not any significant difference in the rate of change in average CPK at both duty cycles (p<.05). GOT rate was significantly boosted up to 38.97% at 50% duty cycle after experiment (p<.05), while it was slightly increased to 1.68% at 20% duty cycle after experiment without any significant difference. Rather, GPT rate dropped slightly at both duty cycles after experiment, but there was not any significant difference. Although blood lactate and GOT were relatively less generated at 20% duty cycle after electrical stimulation than at 50% duty cycle, the change of duty cycle didn't have any significant influence on CPK rate. In this regard, this study failed to come any consistent conclusion about the association between change of duty cycle and muscle fatigue. Therefore, it is advisable that follow-up studies seek various ways to a little more effectively apply electrical stimulation to laboratory animals by avoiding their muscle fatigue. GOT rate was significantly boosted up to 38.97% at 50% duty cycle after experiment (p<.05), while it was slightly increased to 1.68% at 20% duty cycle after experiment without any significant difference. Rather, GPT rate dropped slightly at both duty cycles after experiment, but there was not any significant difference. Although blood lactate and GOT were relatively less generated at 20% duty cycle after electrical stimulation than at 50% duty cycle, the change of duty cycle didn't have any significant influence on CPK rate. In this regard, this study failed to come any consistent conclusion about the association between change of duty cycle and muscle fatigue. Therefore, it is advisable that follow-up studies seek various ways to a little more effectively apply electrical stimulation to laboratory animals by avoiding their muscle fatigue.