• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.70-74
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• 1999

The primary objective of these studies was to screen the materials showing inhibitions of HMG-CoA reductase in vitro. The secondary objective was to determine the effect of garlic, lovastatin and copper on cholesterol concentrations in plasma. liver and brease muscle of pullets. In experiment 1, the degree of inhibition of the selective samples on HMG-CoA reductase activity was determined in vitro. The inhibition rate of water soluble garlic extracts, lovastatin and copper to HMG-coA reductase activity were 51.3%, 87.5%, and 82.0% respectively . In experiment 2, control diet (basal diet), garlic powder (3% in diet) , lovastatin (300mg/kg of diet) and copper(200mg/kg of diet) were fed to pullets in order to investigate the changes of cholesterol concentration in plasma and tissues. Plasma total cholesterol , and LDL-cholesterol were significantly reduced in pullets fed a diet containing 3 % garlic powder. However, coper significantly increased total cholesterol compared to controls and lovastatin did not affect plasma chholesterol concentration . Total cholesterol inlover and breast muscle inpullets were not affectedb y adding cholesterol lowering materials to the diets. The data suggests that it is not easy for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors to reduce cholesterol levels in the body due to complication in cholestrol metabolism . However, garlic administration can lower the levels of plasma cholesterol in pullets.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.933-941
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• 2003

It has been suggested that green juice supplementation may have some health promoting benefits. We evaluated the effects of green juice (Angelica keiskei) consumption on parameters of lipid profiles and plasma antioxidant status in healthy male smokers. Fifty-four smokers were supplemented with 300 ml of green juice for 6 weeks while maintaining their normal diet. Blood samples were collected on week 0 and week 6 in order to evaluate plasma lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol) , plasma antioxidant vitamin levels (ascorbic acid, $\alpha$ -tocopherol, ${\gamma}$ -tocopherol, $\alpha$ -carotene, $\beta$ -carotene, cryptoxanthin and lycopene) , the degree of LDL oxidation and GOT, GPT levels for liver function. Plasma ascorbic acid level remained at the same level. However, $\alpha$ -tocopherol and ${\gamma}$ -tocopherol normalized by total cholesterol (p <0.05) and $\beta$ -carotene (p <0.001) level were all significantly increased after green juice supplementation. Plasma cholesterol was reduced for 12%, LDL-cholesterol was reduced for 9.3% after green juice consumption, while plasma triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol was not changed. Oxidized LDL assessed by conjugated diene (CD) , was decreased (p < 0.0001) after green juice consumption. These results further support a role for green juice supplementation in the improvement of lipid status, prevention of lipid peroxidation, and thereby reducing risk factors of numerous diseases associated with elevated oxidative stress in smokers.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2001

1. 수축기 혈압은 운동을 하고 있는 군에서 약간 낮았으나 이완기 혈압은 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 운동을 하고 있는 여대생의 경우 체지방량이 낮게 나타난 반면 제지방량은 변화가 없어 운동 여부에 의한 차이가 거의 보이지 않았다. 또 혈중 포도당 함량은 규칙적인 운동을 하고 있는 여대생에서 다소 높은 수준이었다. 2. 체지방율은 지속적인 운동을 하고 있는 여대생에 서 유의성은 없었지만 약간 낮았으며 혈청 총 콜레스테롤과 중성지방의 농도 역시 유의성 있게 낮게 나타났다. HDL 콜레스테롤 농도는 두 군 모두 거의 비슷한 수준으로 군간에 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았던 반면 LDL 콜레스테롤의 경우 운동에 의해서 유의성 있게 낮게 나타났다. 따라서 규칙적인 운동에 의해서 HDL-Chol/Total-Chol 비율은 증가되었으며 LDL-Chol/HDL-Chol의 비율은 낮았다. 3. 혈액중 지단백질의 상대적인 분포는 HDL(%)의 경우 지속적인 운동을 하고 있는 여대생의 경우 일반 여대생에 비해 거의 차이가 없었고 LDL(%)는 유의성 있게 낮았던 반면 VLDL( %)는 오히려 높게 나타났다. Plasma의 지방산 조성중 포화 지방산 함량은 운동을 하고 있는 여대생에서 약간 높았지만 다가 불포화 지방산 함량은 같은 수준으로 두 군간에 차이를 보이지 않았다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2003

Effects of Haenggan($LR_2$) and Chungwan ($CV_{12}$) acupuncture on plasma lipid composition were investigated in rat fed high fat diet. Body weight gain showed a tendency to decrease in acupuncture groups and in acupuncture groups, chungwan acupuncture groups showed a lower values than haenggan acupuncture group. Concentrations of plasma triglyceride, free fatty acids showed a decrease in the acupuncture groups. Concentration of plasma lipoprotein showed a tendency to decrease in acupuncture groups, however in the control group and haenggan group, the values showed no significantly different. Plasma glucose concentration showed a low values than control group, in acupuncture groups, the values showed no significantly different. In plasma cholesterol concentration, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol showed a tendency to decrease in acupuncture groups, however the values of LDL-cholesterol showed no significantly different in the control group and haenggan group. HDL-cholesterol concentration showed no significantly different in all treatment groups.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2003

Effects of cheungho aqua-acupuncture at gansoo$(BL_{18})$ and illweul$(GB_{14})$ on plasma lipid composition were investigated in rat fed high fat diet. Body weight gain showed a tendency to decrease in aqua-acupuncture groups and in aqua-acupuncture groups, gansoo and illweul join aqua-acupuncture group showed a lower values than other aqua-acupuncture groups. Concentrations of plasma triglyceride, free fatty acids, lipoprotein and glucose showed a tendency to decreasea in the aqua-acupuncture groups. However in aqua-acupuncture groups, these values showed no significantly different. In plasma lipid composition, total cholesterol and LDL- cholesterol showed a tendency to decrease in aqua-acupuncture groups, however the values of LDL-cholesterol showed no significantly different in the aqua-acupuncture groups. HDL-cholesterol concentration showed a tendency to increase in aqua-acupuncture groups and in aqua-acupuncture groups, gansoo aqua-acupuncture group showed a high value.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.477-491
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• 1990

To observe the effect of dietary n6 linoleic acid, n6 gamma-linolenic acid and n3 alphalinolenic acid aon plasma lipid composition and platelet aggregation, twenty college women were divided into 4 groups and treated for 2 weeks with experimental diets supplying fat at 23% cal which were different only in fatty acid composition. Dietary fat was corn oil(CO) as a source of n6 linoleic acid(LA), perilla oil(PO) for n3 alpha-linolenic acid(ALA) and evenign primrose oil(EPO) for n6 gamma-linolenic acid(GLA). Plasma cholesterol level was slightly decreased by PL(13.5g) but significantly increased by equal amount of CO. However, there was similar hypocholeaterolemic effect when double amount of CO(27.0g), was supplemented. Therefore, total fat unsaturation may be more important factor for plasma cholesterol-lowering effect than the structure of fatty acid itself. Plasma cholesterol level was not lowered by supplement of GLA in CO diet. There was similar trend in hypotriglyceridemic effect by PO and CO as in plasma cholesterol. Plasma TG level was rather increased but not significantly by GLA supplement to CO diet. Overall, plasma lipid-lowering effect was greater by ALA than LA and GLA effect was not greater than by LA. GLA supplement did not significantly improve lipid compositions to prevent against CHD. There was no significant change both in fatty acid composition in platelet and ADP-induced platelet aggregation by GLA supplement to corn oil diet and by ALA in PO diet in young women.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.38-42
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• 2009

We conducted two studies to determine the effect of gender, gonadectomy (GDX) on growth and plasma cholesterol levels in pigs. In experiment 1, five sham-operated and five GDX female Landrace pigs (26kg) were allowed to have free access to water and feed up to market weight (approximately 100kg). Body weight and feed consumption were recorded biweekly, and daily body weight gain, daily feed intake and feed efficiency (gain/feed) were calculated during the feeding period. In experiment 2, 10 male (26kg) and 10 female (26kg) Landrace pigs were used; five male and five female pigs were assigned to sham-operated or GDX. Pigs were allowed to have free access to water and a diet without added cholesterol (Table 1) until they were 6 months old (male 104 and female 98kg) and thereafter they were fed a hypercholesterolemic diet (Table 1) containing 0.5% cholesterol and 0.1% cholate for 10 days. GDX of female pigs increased average daily gain (P<0.05), compared with their sham-operated counterparts during the growing-finishing period, but had no effect (P>0.05) on feed efficiency. Plasma cholesterol levels in pigs fed a hypercholesterolemic diet for 10 days were much higher (P<0.05) in females than in males (161 vs 104mg/100mL plasma), and were increased by GDX only in male pigs. HDL-cholesterol/LDL+VLDL-cholesterol ratio appeared to be higher in males than in females, and was not influenced by GDX in either sex. Results suggested that the lower growth rate of female pigs than their male counterparts is attributable to the ovarian activity, and the lower plasma cholesterol level in male than in female pigs fed a hypercholesterolemic diet is due to the testicular activity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.637-643
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• 1999

The effects of yam(Dioscorea) on lowering cholesterol level and its mechanism were investigated. The concentrations of plasma and liver lipids, and the excretions of fecal neutral sterol and bile acid were measured in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Five Groups of 8 rats were fed hypercholesterolemic diet(1% cholesterol, 10% lard ; control), hypercholesterolemic diet plus 15% or 30% dried yam powder prepared by either hot-air(15HY, 30HY) or freeze dry(15FY, 30FY) for 4wk. Plasma total lipid, total cholesterol and cholesterol level was also significantly lower(28%, p<0.05), buy HMG-CoA reductase activity was higher in 30FY(230%, p<0.05) than in control. Although no significant differences in fecal neutral sterols were observed among groups, the yam-fed rats apparently had less bacterial degradation of cholesterol as indicated by a significantly greater of fecal cholesterol to coprostanol than in controls. Total fecal bile acids were significantly greater in rats fed yam(15HY : 5 folds, 15FY ; 12,30HY ; 12, 20FY ; 22) than in controls. The ratio of secondary to primary bile acids was almost 8 times lower in 30FY than in control. These data indicate that yam lowers cholesterol both in plasma and in liver through increasing fecal bile acid excretion as well as HMG-CoA reductase activity. Freeze-dried yam, which possesses viscosity, was more effective in cholesterol-lowering action than hot-air dried one.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.978-983
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• 1995

The effect of sulfur-containing amino acids on lipid metabolism was studied in rats fed casein as a protein source. Plasma cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and atherosclerotic index decreased in the cysteine group compared to the methionine group. Plasma triglyceride and phospholipid level were not affected by the supplementation of the sulfur-containing amino acids. The levels of cholesterol and triglyceride in liver decreased by both methionine and cysteine. Cysteine increased the fecal excretion of coprostanol, total neutral steroid and bile acid. The results suggest that plasma cholesterol level is affected by dietary ratio of cysteine/methionine and that the hypocholesterolemic effects of cysteine is, at least in part, through reducing cholesterol absorption from small intestine and through enhancing fecal excretion of bile acids.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.381-390
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• 2008

본 실험은 콜레스테롤식이와 운동수행이란 두 조건을 심순환기 질환의 관련지표로서 혈장 및 간의 지질, 적혈구막의 Na efflux 그리고 혈소판 응집성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 조사하였다. 운동에 의해서 체중이 다소 감소하였지만 그렇게 크지는 않았다. 라드를 주 지방원으로 사용한 식이에 0.5% 콜레스테롤첨가는 혈중 콜레스테롤을 2배 이상, 간 콜레스테롤을 8배 이상 증가시켰고 HDL-콜레스테롤을 절반 이하로 떨어뜨렸는데, 특히 운동효과로 예상했던 HDL-콜레스테롤증가는 대조군식이나 콜레스테롤식이에서 나타나지 않았다. 혈중 중성지방은 콜레스테롤 식이군에서 오히려 감소하였고 간의 경우 지방 축척으로 인해 간의 크 기뿐만 아니라 간의 중성지방은 현저히 증가되었다. 체액량 조절 및 혈압과 관계에서 조사된 적혈구의 Na efflux는 Na-K ATPase가 콜레스테롤 식이에 의해 그 활성을 감소되었고 운동이 이를 다소 회복시키는 경향을 보였다. 혈압과의 상관성이 높다고 알려진 Na passive leak은 콜레스테롤과 운동이 각각 독립적으로 증가시키는 요인으로 작용하여 콜레스테롤-운동군이 대조군식이-비운동군에 비해 현저히 증가된 것으로 나타났다. 총 Na efflux는 실험군 간에 큰 차이가 없었고 intracellular Na와의 상관성도 보이질 않았다. 혈소판응집성에 있어서 콜레스테롤식이가 혈소판 응집을 증가시키고 특히 운동이 초기응집을 증가시키는 경향을 보였다. 혈장 GOT 및 GPT수치는 콜레스테롤식이로 인해 현저히 증가됨으로서 간의 병리적 상태를 잘 반영하였고 운동에 의해 감소됨으로서 운동수행이 술이나 고지방식으로 인한 지방간을 호전시켜 줄 수 있으리라 기대할 수 있다. 고지혈증이나 고혈압 환자에 있어서 비약물적 요법으로 식이나 운동을 통한 치료나 예방의 가능성을 규명하기 위한 실험의 결과로서 특히 운동에 대해 일관되고 가시적인 효과가 미흡한 것은 6주간의 짧은 실험기간을 생각할 수 있는데 혈청 지질, Na flux 및 체액, 혈소판 응집성 등 심순환기 질환의 예방에 도움이 되는 운동의 형태나 강도 혹은 지속 기간에 대한 더 많은 연구가 필요하리라 생각된다.