• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.303-308
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• 1992

Three female sheep were daily administered a pyrophosphate analogue, disodium 1-hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-bisphosphonate (HEBP) at the level of 4 mg/kg body weight. HEBP largely suppressed bone resorption, which was indicated by the reduction in plasma free hydroxyproline concentration and in calcium mobilization rate during the intravenous infusion of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA). Contrary to the suppression of bone resorption, plasma total-calcium, magnesium and phosphorus concentrations were not changed by HEBP administration. These results suggest that bone mineral crystals play a meaningless role on calcium, magnesium and phosphorus homeostasis in ruminants if they are fed adequate amounts of these minerals. Plasma magnesium and phosphorus concentrations were not significantly changed after feeding. However, plasma total-calcium was decreased after feeding in both periods and the reduction seemed to be remarkable in the HEBP-treated period. Infusion of EDTA more remarkably reduced plasma ionized calcium concentration in the HEBP-treated that in the untreated period and the recovery of ionized calcium was retarded by HEBP administration. These results suggest that calcium release from bone is necessary for maintenance of plasma calcium when animals rapidly lose calcium.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.227-232
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• 2014

In this study, we propose the application of doping process technology for atmospheric pressure plasma. The plasma treatment means the wafer is warmed via resistance heating from current paths. These paths are induced by the surface charge density in the presence of illuminating Argon atmospheric plasmas. Furthermore, it is investigated on the high-concentration doping to a selective partial region in P type solar cell wafer. It is identified that diffusion of impurities is related to the wafer temperature. For the fixed plasma treatment time, plasma currents were set with 40, 70, 120 mA. For the processing time, IR(Infra-Red) images are analyzed via a camera dependent on the temperature of the P type wafer. Phosphorus concentrations are also analyzed through SIMS profiles from doped wafer. According to the analysis for doping process, as applied plasma currents increase, so the doping depth becomes deeper. As the junction depth is deeper, so the surface resistance is to be lowered. In addition, the surface charge density has a tendency inversely proportional to the initial phosphorus concentration. Overall, when the plasma current increases, then it becomes higher temperatures in wafer. It is shown that the diffusion of the impurity is critically dependent on the temperature of wafers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.984-989
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• 2004

Three hundred and twelve female Tsaiya ducks from four lines (L1051, L1052, L1053 and L1054) were used in this study to investigate the changes in plasma calcium and inorganic phosphorus levels, blood pH, carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO$_{2}$), bicarbonate ion concentration ($HCO_{3}^{-}$), and base excess (BE) during laying periods. The results indicated that plasma calcium and inorganic phosphorus concentration at 40 and 50 wks of age were higher (p<0.05) than those at other ages. Significant positive correlation coefficients were found between plasma calcium and inorganic phosphorus levels at each age tested from 20 to 50 wks. Ducks from L1053 showed lower (p<0.05) blood pH, BE and $HCO_{3}^{-}$ as compared with other lines. Ducks from L1054 had higher (p<0.05) blood pH, BE and $HCO_{3}^{-}$ than those of other lines showing that there were some differences on blood parameters among lines. Eggshell strength decreased with age up to 65 wks and remained constant thereafter. Egg weight increased gradually from 30 to 60 wks and decreased slightly after 70 wks of age. Plasma inorganic phosphorus level in 40 and 50 wks old birds was positively correlated with eggshell strength, while blood $HCO_{3}^{-}$ in 40 and 50 wks old birds was negatively correlated with eggshell strength.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.391-397
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• 2017

Skeletal deformities are significant problems that affect the growth and commercial value of fish reared in hatcheries. However, studies of bone metabolic process related to skeletal deformities are limited. We investigated the potential correlation between bone deformities and plasma calcium, phosphorus, and estradiol-$17{\beta}$ levels in reared red spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara) juveniles. We collected E. akaara frys from private farms at 110, 140, 180 and 300 days after hatching (DAH), and classified the normal and deformed fish by observing their external shape and inner frame by soft X-ray. We also analyzed the calcium, phosphorous, and estradiol-$17{\beta}$ levels in their plasma. A comparison between normal and deformed fish, indicated that calcium and estradiol-$17{\beta}$ levels were higher in deformed fish than in the normal at 180 and 300 DAH. The level of phosphorus was also higher in deformed individuals than in normal fish, but only at 300 DAH. These results suggest that skeletal deformities are associated with increases in plasma calcium, phosphorus, and estradiol-$17{\beta}$ levels.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.994-1002
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• 2012

An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of age and caponization on the development blood and bone characteristics development in male country chickens in Taiwan. A total of two hundred 8-wk-old LRI native chicken cockerels, Taishi meat No.13 from LRI-COA, were used as experimental animals. Cockerels were surgically caponized at 8 wks of age. Twelve birds in each group were bled and dressed from 8 wks to 35 wks of age at 1 to 5 wk intervals. The results indicated that the plasma testosterone concentration was significantly (p<0.05) lower in capons after 12 wks of age (caponized treatment after 4 wks) than that of the intact males. The relative tibia weight, bone breaking strength, cortical thickness, bone ash, bone calcium, bone phosphorus and bone magnesium contents were significantly (p<0.05) higher in intact males, while capons had higher (p<0.05) plasma ionized calcium, inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase concentration. The plasma testosterone concentration, relative tibia weight, tibia length, breaking strength, cortical thickness, bone ash, calcium, and phosphorus contents of intact males chickens increased significantly (p<0.05) with the advance of age. In addition, the relative tibia weight of capons peaked at 18 wks of age, and declined at 35 wks of age. The bone ash, calcium and phosphorus content increased most after 14 wks of age in male native chickens in Taiwan. Also, tibia length and cortical thickness peaked at 22 wks of age. However, the peak of bone strength was found at 26 wks of age. These findings support the assertion that androgens can directly influence bone composition fluxes in male chickens. Caponization caused a significant increase in bone loss at 4 wks post treatment, which reflected bone cell damage, and demonstrated reductions in the relative tibia weight, breaking strength, cortical thickness, bone ash, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium contents, and increases in plasma ionized calcium, inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase concentration.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.23-29
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• 2013

Furnace and laser is currently the most important doping process. However furnace is typically difficult appling for selective emitters. Laser requires an expensive equipment and induces a structural damage due to high temperature using laser. This study has developed a new atmospheric pressure plasma source and research atmospheric pressure plasma doping. Atmospheric pressure plasma source injected Ar gas is applied a low frequency (a few 10 kHz) and discharged the plasma. We used P type silicon wafers of solar cell. We set the doping parameter that plasma treatment time was 6s and 30s, and the current of making the plasma is 70 mA and 120 mA. As result of experiment, prolonged plasma process time and highly plasma current occur deeper doping depth and improve sheet resistance. We investigated doping profile of phosphorus paste by SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy) and obtained the sheet resistance using generally formula. Additionally, grasped the wafer surface image with SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) to investigate surface damage of doped wafer. Therefore we confirm the possibility making the selective emitter of solar cell applied atmospheric pressure plasma doping with phosphorus paste.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.524-526
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• 1998

A sensitive and specific method is described for the determination of midazolam in human plasma. The drug was extracted from 1 mL of carbonate buffered plasma (pH 9.6) with 8 mL of diethyl ether. Famprofazone was used as internal standard. The organic phase was evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in methanol for the direct analysis by gas chromatograph-nitrogen phosphorus detector system. In the concentration range of 1-5000 ng/mL, the calibration curve was linear. The coefficients of variation from the precision test were <6% at the range of the concentration of 0.10-2.00 μg/mL and the detection limit for midazolam in 1 mL of plasma was o.5 ng. This assay is more sensitive, selective, simple and rapid than earlier methods. Plasma midazolam concentrations were determined by this method after administration of midazolam.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.416-420
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• 2003

The analytical method of antispasmodic agent tiropramide {$(\pm)\alpha$-(benzoylamino)-4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-N,N-dipropylbenzenepropanamide hydrochloride} was developed by gas chromatography/nitrogen-phosphorus detector (GC/NPD) in human plasma. Two kinds of tiropramide tablets were orally administered to volunteers by Latin square crossover design, and blood was withdrawn as designed schedule. The plasma of 1 mL was loaded on Sep-pak $C_{18}$ cartridge and eluted with methanol after washing with 30% methanol. The residue dissolved in 100 $\mu$L of methanol after evaporation was analyzed by GC/NPD. Precision (CV%) of intra-day was located within 2.6% and accuracy was less than 9.7%. Inter-day precision was below 8.7% and accuracy was relatively good as less than 14%. Plasma samples obtained from human volunteers were analyzed for the determination of tiropramide concentration by using this method. The method was sensitive, rapid and suitable enough to be applied for pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence studies of tiropramide in human volunteers.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2000

We have investigated the slurry induced metallic contaminations of undoped and doped silicate oxides surface on CMP cleaning process. The metallic contaminations by CMP slurry were evaluated in four different oxide films, such as plasma enhanced tetra-ethyl-orthyo-silicate glass(PE-TEOS), O3 boro-phos-pho-silicate glass(O3-BPSG), PE-BPSG, and phospho-silicate glass(PSG). All films were polished with KOH-based slurry prior to entering the post-CMP cleaner. The Total X-Ray fluorescence(TXRF) measurements showed that all oxide surfaces are heavily contaminated by potassium and calcium during polishing which is due to a CMP slurry. The polished O3-BPSG films presented higher potassium and calcium contaminations compared to PE-TEOS because of a mobile ions gettering ability of phosphorus. For PSG oxides, the slurry induced mobile ion contamination increased with an increase of phosphorus contents. In addition, the polishing removal rate of PSG oxides had a linear relationship as a function of phosphorus contents.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.120-123
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• 2014

Thermal doping method using furnace is generally used for solar-cell wafer doping. It takes a lot of time and high cost and use toxic gas. Generally selective emitter doping using laser, but laser is very high equipment and induce the wafer's structure damage. In this study, we apply atmospheric pressure plasma for solar-cell wafer doping. We fabricated that the atmospheric pressure plasma jet injected Ar gas is inputted a low frequency (1 kHz ~ 100 kHz). We used shallow doping wafers existing PSG (Phosphorus Silicate Glass) on the shallow doping CZ P-type wafer (120 ohm/square). SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy) are used for measuring wafer doping depth and concentration of phosphorus. We check that wafer's surface is not changed after plasma doping and atmospheric pressure doping width is broaden by increase of plasma treatment time and current.