• 치위생과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2014

2009년 제 4기 3차년도 국민견강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 우리나라 성인의 치주질환과 당뇨병의 관련성에 대해 평가하고자 하였다. 지역사회치주지수와 혈액검사를 통해 당뇨병을 진단받거나 공복혈당장애에 대한 검사와 당화혈색소 자료가 모두 있는 만 19세 이상의 성인 4,830명이 최종분석대상자가 되었다. 치주질환의 유병률은 성별에 따라서는 남자인 경우, 연령에 따라서는 나이가 많은 경우, 월평균가 수수입과 교육수준이 낮을수록, 흡연 경험이 있고 현재 흡연자일수록, 음주량이 많을수록 높게 나타났다. 당뇨병의 경우 남자인 경우, 나이가 많고, 현재 흡연자일수록, 교육수준과 소득수준이 낮고 음주량과 간식섭취가 많을수록 유병률이 높게 나타났다. 공복혈당수치에 따른 치주질환 유병률은 공복혈당 100 mg/dl 미만은 38.6%, 100 mg/dl 이상은 57.9%로 나타나 100 mg/dl 이상에서 치주질환이 많았다(p<0.0001). 공복혈당장애의 위험은 지역사회치주지수검사에서 CPI가 0~ 2인 그룹을 기준으로 하였을 때 CPI가 3~4인 그룹이 2.18배 높게 나타났다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.582-588
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• 2002

Ti 기판에 TiO$_2$ 중간층을 플라즈마 용사법으로 증착 후 IrO$_2$-RuO$_2$ 박막을 졸-겔과 dip coating법으로 제조하였다. 코팅 층의 접착력을 향상시키기 위하여 유기화합물과 glass brit을 첨가하였다. Taguchi법의 망대특성과 Lls(2$^1$$\times$3$^{7}$ )의 직교배열표를 이용하여 IrO$_2$-RuO$_2$ 박막의 최적조건인 인자와 수준 조합의 최적화를 전류밀도를 측정 분산분석하였다. 최적의 코팅조건은 각각 ethyl cellulose의 점도는 100cp, 건조온도 및 시간은 17$0^{\circ}C$ 20분, 열처리온도 및 시간은 75$0^{\circ}C$ 10분, 전도성 분말과 glass frit의 무게비는 99:5, 최종열처리시간은 120분, 주입산소량은 5sccm이었다. 분산분석결과, 유의수준이 $\alpha$=0.1인 통계적으로 90%신뢰공정이었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.411-418
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• 2007

솔잎 열수추출물이 카드뮴으로 유도한 흰쥐의 산화적 손상에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 체중 kg당 5mg의 카드뮴$(CdCl_2)$을 매주 1회 경구투여하였다. 솔잎은 매일 일정시각에 체중 kg당 1.26g수준이 되도록 4주간 경구투여 사육한 결과 카드뮴과 솔잎 열수추출은 체중에는 영향을 미치지 않았으며 솔잎 열수추출물은 식이섭취량을 감소시켰다. 체중 100g당 간조직 무게는 카드뮴 대조군이 정상군에 비하여 유의적으로 증가하였으며 솔잎 열수추출물은 간조직 무게를 감소시키는 경향이었다 혈장 중의 AST와 ALT활성은 카드뮴 투여에 의해 유의적으로 증가되었으나 솔잎 열수추출물에 의해 ALT활성이 카드뮴 대조군에 비하여 유의적으로 감소되었다. 혈장 알부민 함량은 실험군간의 차이가 없었으나 크레아티닌 함량은 솔잎 열수추출물 급여시 낮았다. 카드뮴 투여시 간조직의 CYP함량은 유의적으로 감소되었으며 솔잎 열수추출물에 의한 영향은 없었다. 한편 XO와 ADH활성은 솔잎 열수추출물군이 정상군과 카드뮴 대조군에 비하여 유의적으로 높았다. 또한 카드뮴 투여에 인해 유의적으로 높아진 SOD, MAO, CAT 및 GSH-Px 활성도는 솔잎 열수추출물에 의해 정상수준으로 회복되었다. 간조직 중의 글루타티온 함량은 솔잎 열수추출물 급여에 의한 차이가 발견되지 않았으나 MDA함량은 솔잎 열수추출물 급여군에서 카드뮴 대조군에 비하여 유의적인 감소를 보임으로써 카드뮴에 의해 유도된 지질과산화가 솔잎 열수추출물 급여로 개선될 수 있음을 제시한다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2012

Objective : Myeongganbo (MGB) composited with Hovenia Semen, Puerariae Radix and Dioscoreae Rhizoma is the prescription for protection of liver function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of MGB extract against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury in mice. Methods : MGB extract was prepared by extracting with hot distilled water. The extract was freeze-dried following filtration through vacuum distillation system. Mice fasted for overnight were orally administrated with or without MGB extract of different doses (25-200 mg/kg/day). After 30 min, APAP was orally applied with a single dose (400 mg/kg). The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured in plasmas of mice. Glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase GSH-px), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) level were investigated in liver homogenates. Liver sections were stained with haematoxylin & eosin, anti-TNF-${\alpha}$ and anti-mouse COX-2 antibodies. Results : APAP treatment remarkably increased AST and ALT activities in plasma but inhibited GSH and GSH-px levels in liver homogenates. Also, liver injury was significantly accelerated by APAP treatment. Furthermore, APAP remarkably elevated COX-2 activity and TNF-${\alpha}$ levels in liver homogenates. However, administration of MGB extract was able to counteract these effects. Histological studies provided supportive evidence for biochemical and molecular analysis Conclusions : These results suggest that MGB extract has potent hepatoprotective effect against APAP-induced liver injury, these properties may contribute to liver disease care.

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제31A권12호
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• pp.56-63
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• 1994

The effects of sulfur treatments on the barrier heithts of Schottky contacts and the interface-state density of metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) capacitors on InP have been investigated. Schottky contacts were formed by the evaporation of Al, Au, and Pt on n-InP substrate before and after (NH$_{4}$)$_{2}$S$_{x}$ treatments, respectively. The barrier height of InP Schottky contacts was measured by their current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C_V) characteristics. We observed that the barrier heights of Schottky contacks on bare InP were 0.35~0.45 eV nearly independent of the metal work function, which is known to be due to the surface Fermi level pinning. In the case of sulfur-treated Au/InP ar Pt/InP Schottky diodes, However, the barrier heights were not only increased above 0.7 eV but also highly dependent on the metal work function. We have also investigated effects of (NH$_{4}$)$_{2}$S$_{x}$ treatments on the distribution of interface states in Si$_{3}$N$_{4}$InP MIS diodes where Si$_{3}$N$_{4}$ was provided by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The typical value of interface-state density extracted feom 1 MHz C-V curve of sulfur-treated SiN$_{x}$/InP MIS diodes was found to be the order of 5${\times}10^{10}cm^{2}eV^{1}$. This value is much lower than that of MiS diodes made on bare InP surface. It is certain, therefore, that the (NH$_{4}$)$_{2}$S$_{x}$ treatment is a very powerful tool to enhance the barrier heights of Au/n-InP and Pt/n-InP Schottky contacts and to reduce the density of interface states in SiN$_{x}$/InP MIS diode.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.76-85
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• 2006

Objectives : We Investigated the effect of Dioscoreae Rhizoma(山藥) on the change of the corticosterone and the rectal temperature(直腸溫渡) of the mice induced by starvation stress(創戰 스트레스). Methods : After administration of Dioscoreae Rhizoma (0.25g/kg, 0.5g, 1.0g/kg, 3g/kg) three times, mice were starved. The corticosterone and rectal temperature were measured after 36.5 hours starvation stress. Results : The plasma cortiosterone levels in the S-2, S-3 and S-4 group were decreased significantly comparing with the control group (P<0.01) after 36.5 hours starvation stress. and rectal temperature was decreased in the control goup comparing with the normal group, but there is no significant change in the Dioscoreae Rhizoma treated group. Conclusion : it might be recognized that Dioscoreae Rhizoma has preventive-effect against starvation stress and also it might be needed further study in various viewpoints. Objectives : This study was disegned to elucidate the short term effect of Rossa rugosae Radix on proliferation. differentiation and maturation of 3T3-L1 Preadipocyte. Methods: 3T3-L1 preadipocytes obtained from Korean Cell Line Bank were cultured in a D ulbecco’ s modified eagle medium(MEM) culture solution containing 10% fetal bovine serum(FBS) and various concentrations of aqueous extract of Rossa rugosae Radix.. The short term effect of the extract of Rossa rugosae Radix on proliferation. differentiation and maturation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were investigate after treatment for 24 hours by measuring MTT. Oil Red 0 and latate dehydrogenase activity.. Results: The Rossa rugosae Radix extract inhibited significantly the proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and tended to increase latate dehydrogenase activity in the media of differentiated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes & matured 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. the extract also inhibit the lipid accumulation of differentiated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes & matuered 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that the Rossa rugosae Radjx extract inhibited the proliferation. differentiation and maturation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. suggesting that Rossa rugosae Radix has anti-obesity effect: however further in vivo study is needed to demonstrate its pharmacological effects.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.3-6
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• 2001

Inflammation is an outcome or an end effect of disruption of complex immunological balance. A variety of approaches to control immunological unbalance have been tried, and some of them are in practice in the clinic. Since inflammatory disorders are reflection of very complex immunological responses, it should be difficult to have such disorders under complete control. Thus, most of the drugs, being marketed and under development, possess some degrees of undesired side offsets originating from disruption of immunological balance. Steroids are excellent drugs suppressing inflammation in short term, however, long-term use of steroids would incur a serious side effect of "rebound". Another example is TNF-${\alpha}$-neutralizing agents, such as enbrel and infliximab. TNF-${\alpha}$ has been known to play a key role in the exacerbation of inflammation, and knock-out of TNF-${\alpha}$ is regarded essential to control of chronic inflammation. The TNF-${\alpha}$-neutralizing drugs in the market are regarded very efficient in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Upon long term use, however, those drugs cause sepsis to a certain proportion of patients. It is ironical that a high plasma level of TNF-${\alpha}$ is known to be responsible for sepsis, and that the drugs scavenging TNF-${\alpha}$ cause sepsis. The above two examples illustrate well the difficulty of discovering an anti-inflammatory drug without unwanted immunological side effects. An anti-inflammatory drug would make a case in the market, as long as the drug has huge therapeutic benefits compared to its expected but unwanted immunological side effects, where cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors are positioning. In this presentation, will be discussed general aspects of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition in conjunction with 3(2Η)furanone derivatives, a novel class of COX-2 inhibitors.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.177-190
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• 2004

Background: Secretory phospholipase $A_2$ ($sPLA_2$) are a group of extracellular enzymes that release fatty acids at the sn-2 position of phospholipids. Group IIA $sPLA_2$ ($sPLA_2$-IIA) has been detected in the inflammatory fluids, and its plasma level increases in the inflammatory disease. This study examined the effect of $sPLA_2$-IIA on mouse macropahges in order to investigate the potential mechanism of $sPLA_2$-induced inflammation. Materials and Methods: Wild type $PLA_2$ and mutant H48Q $PLA_2$ were purified from HEK293 cells transfected with the corresponding plasmids, and the $PLA_2$ activities were measured using 1-palmitoyl-2-[1-$^{14}C$]linoleoyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine as substrates. The TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 released in the supernatants were determined by ELISA. In addition, the TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 mRNA were analyzed by RT-PCR. Results: $sPLA_2$-IIA stimulated the production of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, the effect of $sPLA_2$-IIA on cytokine production from the macrophage was found to be associated with the accumulation of their specific mRNA. The mRNA levels of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 peaked at 2 and 6 hours in a time-dependent manner, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, the production of proinflammatory cytokine might be mediated by the binding of $sPLA_2$-IIA to the receptors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권18호
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• pp.7897-7907
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• 2014

Background: There is paucity of studies defining the prevalence of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors in Saudi Arabia despite the surging epidemic of obesity, change in dietary habits and sedentary lifestyle. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of NCDs risk factors among employees at King Faisal University in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia and to determine the possible correlates for clustering of NCDs risk factors among them. Materials and Methods: All employees were invited to participate; the World Health Organization STEPwise approach was used for data collection which consisted of a personal interview to collect socio-demographic characteristics, NCD history, tobacco use, vegetables and fruit consumption, and physical activity (PA), followed by anthropometric measurements namely weight, height and waist circumference and blood pressure measurements, subjects were finally subjected to biochemical tests with determination of fasting plasma glucose, serum triglycerides, cholesterol and high density lipoproteins. Results: Of the surveyed employees (n=691), daily current smokers accounted for 22.7%. 94.9%, 95.1% and 86% consumed < 5 servings per day of vegetables, fruits and both fruits and vegetables respectively, 73% were physically inactive, 64% were overweight or obese, 22.1% had hypertension, and 21.5% were diabetics. Elevated cholesterol levels were found in 36.6%, low high density lipoproteins in 36.8%, and elevated triglycerides in 36.1%. Only 3% had no NCD risk factors, and 57.6% had ${\geq}3$ factors. Multivariate logistic regression showed that gender (being male, adjusted odds ratio 'aOR'=1.51), aged ${\geq}50$ years (aOR=3.06), < college education (aOR=1.75), current smokers (aOR=2.37), being obese (aOR=6.96) and having a low PA level (aOR=4.59) were the significant positive predictors for clustering of NCD risk factors. Conclusions: Over fifty percent of the studied university's employees had multiple (${\geq}3$) NCD risk factors. Screening and health promotion initiatives should be launched at least targeting the modifiable factors to avert the excessive risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and several types of cancers.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.47-51
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• 2016

프로피온산혈증은 상염색체 열성유전에 의해 발생하는 질환으로, 혈중에 암모니아, 독성 물질 등이 축적되어 경한 증상에서부터 사망에까지 이르는 질환이다. 유병률은 50,000-100,000명당 1명이다. PCCA 또는 PCCB 유전자의 돌연변이로 발생하며, 이것을 규명하는 것이 가장 확실한 진단 방법이다. 두 유형에 따른 임상경과 차이는 뚜렷하게 밝혀져 있지 않다. 발병 시기에 따라 신생아기형과 후기형으로 나눌 수 있다. 증상 발현의 원인은 이화작용을 강화시키는 감염, 스트레스, 변비, 단백질의 과도한 섭취 등이며, 운동실조, 이상행동, 식욕부진, 주기적 구토, 성장장애, 신경발달이상 등의 광범위한 임상 경과를 보인다. 정확한 진단과 조속한 초기 치료가 환자의 생존율 및 신경 발달 장애 여부에 중요한 요소이다. 본 증례는 고암모니아혈증 및 대사산증이 심하지 않았으나 조기에 대사성 질환을 염두에 두고 PCCA와 PCCB 유전자의 돌연변이를 분석하여 프로피온산혈증을 진단하고 적극적인 금식 및 수액 치료와 진단을 통해 신체 발달 및 운동 및 치명적인 신경학적 장애 없이 성장한 고무적인 사례로 이를 보고하는 바이다.