• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.437-442
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• 1996

Hypoglycemic effect of Tabebuia avellandae was investigated in the streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by injections of STZ (45 mg/kg, i.v.). Rats weighing 200-250 g were divided into 6 groups: normal, STZ-control, hexane fr., CHCl$_3$fr., BuOH fr. and $H_2O$ fr. group. Normal and STZ-control rats received 3% Tween 80 only. Four groups of diabetic rats were administered orally at doses of 100, 400, 300 and 400 mg/kg/day of hexane, CHC1$_3$, BuOH and $H_2O$ fr. respectively. Fractions were administered orally to the rats for 7 days after STZ injection. All rats were anesthetized with ether, blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture for clinical chemistry and the rats were killed by exsanguination. Liver, kidney, heart and spleen were removed, weighed and analyzed. We measured glucose, protein, cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the plasma and glycogen, cholesterol and triglyceride levels in liver. The extent of blood glucose decrement in rats administered $H_2O$ fraction was greater than that in the STZ-control rats. The serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lowered by administration of $H_2O$ fraction compared with those of STZ-control group. Treatment of rats with Tabebuia avellandae fractions caused decreases in STZ-induced elevation of cholesterol and triglyceride. Liver triglyceride level was significantly lowered hexane and BuOH fraction group compared with STZ-control group. These results suggest that $H_2O$ fraction of Tabebuia avellandae has the hypoglycemic action against STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.405-406
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• 2006

Recently, the flat display modules such as plasma or TFT-LCD employ thin crystallized panels which are normally weak to high level transient mechanical energy inputs. As a result, anti-shock performance is one of the most important design specifications for TFT-LCD modules. However, most of large display module designs are generated based on engineers own experiences. Also, a large-scale analysis to evaluate complex material and structural behaviors is one of interesting topic in diverse engineering and scientific fields. The utilization of massively parallel processors has also been a recent trend of high performance computing. The objective of this paper is to introduce a parallel process system which consists of general purpose finite element analysis solver as well as parallelized PC cluster. The parallel processing system is constructed using thirty-two processing elements and the finite element program is developed by adopting hierarchical domain decomposition method. In order to verify the efficiency of the established system, an impact analysis on thin and complex sub-parts of flat display modules is performed. The evaluation results showed a good agreement with the corresponding reference solutions, and thus, the parallel process system seems to be a useful tool fur the complex structural analysis such as IT related products.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.52-57
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• 2018

Purpose: Rhabdomyolysis is a metabolic disorder in which the content of damaged muscle cells is released into plasma. Its manifestations include asymptomatic, myalgia, gross hematuria, and complications of acute kidney injury. Because of limited data on rhabdomyolysis in children, we performed this study to determine clinical characteristics of rhabdomyolysis in children. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with rhabdomyolysis who were treated at the Pusan National University Children's hospital from January 2011 to July 2016. The diagnostic criteria were serum myoglobin level of ${\geq}80ng/mL$, exclusive of acute myocardial injury, cardiac arrest, and brain damage. Results: Forty-five patients were enrolled; mean age, $116{\pm}68$ months. Of these, 35 were boys and 10 were girls. Twenty-six patients experienced myalgia and 12 patients showed gross hematuria. Among these, seven patients initially had both myalgia and gross hematuria. The most common causes of rhabdomyolysis were infection, physical exertion, prolonged seizures, metabolic abnormalities, and drug addiction. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was the most common complication, followed by disseminated intravascular coagulation. Thirty-seven patients improved with sufficient fluid supply but two patients underwent hemodialysis due to deterioration of kidney function. Gross hematuria, positive occult blood test, and positive urine protein were more common in patients with AKI than in those without AKI. Conclusions: In children, infection was the most common cause of rhabdomyolysis. Most patients recovered by sufficient fluid therapy. However, in severe cases, especially in patients with underlying kidney disease, hemodialysis may be necessary in the present study.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.201-209
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• 2018

G protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) is expressed in the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract, and its activation promotes insulin secretion in the beta cells of the pancreatic islets as well as the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in intestinal L cells, consequently improving glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Due to this dual mechanism of action, the development of small-molecule GPR119 agonists has received significant interest for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. We newly synthesized 1,2,4-triazolone derivatives of GPR119 agonists, which demonstrated excellent outcomes in a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) assay. Among the synthesized derivatives, YH18968 showed cAMP=2.8 nM; in GLUTag cell, GLP-1secretion=2.3 fold; in the HIT-T15 cell, and insulin secretion=1.9 fold. Single oral administration of YH18968 improved glucose tolerance and combined treatment with a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor augmented the glucose lowering effect as well as the plasma level of active GLP-1 in normal mice. Single oral administration of YH18968 improved glucose tolerance in a diet induced obese mice model. This effect was maintained after repeated dosing for 4 weeks. The results indicate that YH18968 combined with a DPP-4 inhibitor may be an effective therapeutic candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.78-78
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• 2011

수열합성법을 이용하여 Si(111) 기판에 ZnO 박막을 성장하였다. ZnO 박막의 성장을 위한 씨앗층은 plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE)를 이용하였다. 씨앗층의 표면 거칠기(root-mean-square roughness)는 2.5 nm이고, 씨앗층 위에 성장된 ZnO 박막은 다양한 크기의 입자들로 이루어져 있었으며 두께는 약 $1.8{\mu}m$로 매우 일정하였다. 배향성을 알아보기 위하여 texture coefficient (TC)를 계산해 보았다. TC(100)과 TC(200)은 a-축 배향성을, TC(002)는 c-축 배향성을 나타내는데, c-축으로 더 우세한 배향성(99.5%)을 보였다. TC 비율(TCa-axis/TCc-axis)은 열처리 온도를 $700^{\circ}C$까지 올렸을 때, 점차적으로 증가하였고, 그 이상의 열처리 온도(< $900^{\circ}C$)에서는 급격히 감소하였다. 잔류응력과 Zn와 O의 bond length도 유사한 경향을 보였다. $700^{\circ}C$까지 열처리 온도가 증가함에 따라, 잔류응력은 증가하였고 bond length는 감소하였다. Near-band-edge emission (NBE)의 피크 강도는 열처리 온도가 $700^{\circ}C$까지 증가함에 따라 점차적으로 증가하였다. 열처리 온도가 $800^{\circ}C$ 이상 증가함에 따라 deep-level emission (DLE)가 적색편이(red-shift)하였다. $700^{\circ}C$로 열처리를 한 ZnO 박막이 가장 우세한 (002)방향의 배향성을 보였을 뿐만 아니라 가장 큰 발광효율 증가를 보였다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.967-974
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• 2007

The present work is aimed to evaluate the protective effect of glutathione-enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae FF-8 strain on carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats. The activities of liver markers (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase), lipid peroxidative index (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances), and the antioxidant status (reduced glutathione) were used to monitor those protective roles of FF-8 strain. The liver marker enzymes in plasma and the lipid peroxidation in the liver were increased when $CCl_4$ was treated but these were significantly decreased by FF-8 strain treatment. The hepatic concentration of glutathione in the current glutathione-enriched FF-8 strain fed animal was approximately twice as high as the normal, but this was slightly increased in response to $CCl_4$ plus glutathione-enriched FF-8 strain. The increased liver triglyceride concentration due to the $CCl_4$ treatment was significantly decreased by FF-8 strain and the reduced level reached to that of normal group. Administration of FF-8 strain in normal rat did not show any signs of harmful effects. Therefore, the current findings suggest that FF-8 strain could be an effective antioxidant with no or negligible side-effects and it might be useful for the purpose of protection treatment of hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in $CCl_4$-treatment in rat.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2017

A total of nine Korean indigenous goats were used in a cross-over arrangement to give nine replicates per treatment, and they were housed individually assigned to 1 of 9 dietary treatments. Nine treatments were 0, 500, and 1000 ppm of quercetin supplementation in diets by mixing roughage and concentrate with different ratios (RC ratio) of 3:7 (RC 30), 5:5 (RC 50) and 7:3 (RC 70). Nutrient utilizations of dry matter, crude fat and NDF were not affected by neither RC ratio nor dietary quercetin (p>0.05), but the rate of crude protein and ADF increased in animals in RC 70 group regardless of quercetin supplementation (p<0.05). In addition, higher RC ratio increased (p<0.05) N retention and N retention rate. Total VFA, acetic acid, propionic acid, iso-butyric acid, butyric acid, iso-valeric acid and valeric acid contents were not affected (p>0.05) by dietary quercetin. Meanwhile, lower total cholesterol level exhibited in animals in RC 70 group compared to RC 30 or 50 groups, unrelated to dietary quercetin (p<0.05), however other plasma parameters were not influenced (p>0.05) by RC ratio and dietary quercetin. Our results indicated that both RC ratio and dietary quercetin may not directly affect the production indices and immune responses in Korean indigenous goat.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1258-1262
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• 2009

Total phenolics and antioxidant properties of various Korean commercial vinegars (apple vinegar, AV; blueberry vinegar, BV; grape vinegar, GV; lemon vinegar, LV; Opuntia ficus vinegar, OFV; persimmon vinegar, PV; Prunus mume vinegar, PMV; rice vinegar, RV) were investigated. The total phenolic contents of 8 vinegars were within the range of 54.18-491.02${\mu}g/mL$. The vinegars were also capable of scavenging 1,1-dipehnyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radicals in a manner dependent on concentration. The greatest reducing power was observed in PV relative to the other vinegars. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) of PV, PMV, GV, and BV were 1.012, 0.969, 0.931, and 0.856 at a dose of 1 mL, respectively. Therefore, our study verified that the GV, PV, and PMV have powerful antioxidant activities which are correlated with its high level of phenolics, particularly gallic acid, and epigallocatechin.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.179-184
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• 2013

The biological effects of radiation are dependent on the dose rate and dose of radiation. In this study, effects of dose and dose rate using whole body radiation on plasma cytokines and blood count from male BALB/c mice were evaluated. We examined the blood and cytokine changes in mice exposed to a low (3.49m Gy $h^{-1}$) and high (2.6 Gy $min^{-1}$) dose rate of radiation at a total dose of 0.5 and 2 Gy, respectively. Blood from mice exposed to radiation were evaluated using cytokine assays and complete blood count. Peripheral lymphocytes and neutrophils decreased in a dose dependent manner following high dose rate radiation. The peripheral lymphocytes population remained unchanged following low dose rate radiation; however, the neutrophils population increased after radiation. The sera from these mice exhibited elevated levels of flt3 ligand and granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), after high/low dose rate radiation. These results suggest that low-dose-rate radiation does not induce blood damage, which was unlike high-dose-rate radiation treatment; low-dose-rate radiation exposure activated the hematopoiesis through the increase of flt3 ligand and G-CSF.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.163-181
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• 2017

In the field of orofacial surgery, a red blood cell transfusion (RBCT) is occasionally required during double jaw and oral cancer surgery. However, the question remains whether the effect of RBCT during the perioperative period is beneficial or harmful. The answer to this question remains challenging. In the field of orofacial surgery, transfusion is performed for the purpose of oxygen transfer to hypoxic tissues and plasma volume expansion when there is bleeding. However, there are various risks, such as infectious complications (viral and bacterial), transfusion-related acute lung injury, ABO and non-ABO associated hemolytic transfusion reactions, febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions, transfusion associated graft-versus-host disease, transfusion associated circulatory overload, and hypersensitivity transfusion reaction including anaphylaxis and transfusion-related immune-modulation. Many studies and guidelines have suggested RBCT is considered when hemoglobin levels recorded are 7 g/dL for general patients and 8-9 g/dL for patients with cardiovascular disease or hemodynamically unstable patients. However, RBCT is occasionally an essential treatment during surgeries and it is often required in emergency cases. We need to comprehensively consider postoperative bleeding, different clinical situations, the level of intra- and postoperative patient monitoring, and various problems that may arise from a transfusion, in the perspective of patient safety. Since orofacial surgery has an especially high risk of bleeding due to the complex structures involved and the extensive vascular distribution, measures to prevent bleeding should be taken and the conditions for a transfusion should be optimized and appropriate in order to promote patient safety.