• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.6501-6504
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• 2012

Background: Multiple myeloma is the most common malignant plasma cell dyscrasia and ranks second among primary haematological malignancies. This study describes the epidemiologic, clinical and pathologic profile of monoclonal gammopathies seen in the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI), a tertiary care referral centre. Materials and Method: A retrospective analysis of 85 cases diagnosed at UHWI over the 5-year period 2003-2007 was conducted. The cases were identified from the bone marrow records as well as the computerized database of the Medical Records Department. Clinical presentation, family and personal history and demographic data were retrieved. Haematological and biochemical results were also analyzed. Results: There were 85 patients diagnosed with monoclonal gammopathies. The M:F ratio was 1.2:1 and the mean age was $65.7{\pm}1.3$ years. Eighty percent of the patients had skeletal pain and 40% experienced weight loss. Of the patients experiencing bone pain 56.7% had multiple lytic lesions, 26.7% had pathological fractures and 26.7% had compression fractures. Seventy-four patients (87.1%) had a haemoglobin level <12.0 g/dL with 52.9% having values <8.0 g/dL. Renal impairment was evident at diagnosis in 36.5%. Hypercalcemia was seen in 26.5% and hyperuricemia in 45.9%. Of the 79 patients who had serum protein electrophoresis performed, 77.2% had at least one monoclonal band and of these 24.6% had a monoclonal protein also present on urine protein electrophoresis. Conclusions: The demographic profile in this group of patients is largely similar to other studies in predominantly Caucasian populations; however there was a notable increase in prevalence of severe disease at presentation, with the majority of patients presenting at the most advanced stage. It is probable that these differences reflect socioeconomic factors and not merely inherent ethnic variation in disease biology.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.133-137
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• 2007

갑상선 미세유두암종은 영상 기술의 발달로 더욱 그 빈도가 높아질 것이 예상되므로 진단의 정확도를 높이는 것이 무엇보다 중요하다. 갑상선 미세 유두암종으로 진단 받은 37예를 대상으로 galectin-3, cytokeratin 19와 HBME-1 분자 표지자들을 면역조직화학적 염색을 시행한 결과 cytokeratin 19에서 1예를 제외하고 모든 예에서 갑상선 종양 세포에서 발현하였다. Galectin-3는 갑상선 종양 세포의 세포질에 강하게 염색되었으며 cytokeratin 19는 세포질과 세포막을 따라 강하게 염색되었다. HBME-1은 종양 세포의 세포막에 강하게 염색되었으나 3가지 분자 표지자 모두 정상 갑상선 조직에서는 염색되지 않았다. 이상의 결과에서 볼 때 galectin-3, cytokeratin 19와 HBME-1은 병리조직학적 소견과 함께 갑상선 미세 유두암종을 진단함에 있어 보조적 도움이 되는 표지자로 생각된다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2011

The PHENIX Experiment is the largest of the four experiments that have taken data at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. PHENIX, the Pioneering High Energy Nuclear Interaction eXperiment, is designed specifically to measure direct probes of the collisions such as electrons, muons, and photons. The primary goal of PHENIX is to discover and study a new state of matter called the Quark-Gluon Plasma. Among many particles, muons coming from W-boson decay gives us key information to analyze the spin of proton. Resistive plate chambers are proposed as a suitable solution as a muon trigger because of their fast response and good time resolution, flexibility in signal readout, robustness and the relatively low cost of production. The RPC detectors for upgrade were assembled and their performances were evaluated. The procedure to make the detectors better was optimized and described in detail in this thesis. The code based on ROOT was written and by using this the performance of the detectors made was evaluated, and all of the modules for north muon arm met the criteria and installation at PHENIX completed in November 2009. As RPC detectors that we made showed fast response, capacity of covering wide area with a resonable price and good spatial resolution, this will give the opportunity for applications, such as diagnosis and customs inspection system.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.598-602
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• 2010

신생아 일과성 고암모니아혈증은 고암모니아혈증을 특징으로 하며 대부분 호흡곤란 치료를 받는 미숙아에서 발생한다. 발생원인은 정확히 알려져 있지 않으나 생후 2-3일에 호흡 곤란, 기면, 경련, 혼수 등의 임상 증상을 보이고, 생화학적 검사 상 혈중암모니아 농도가 현저히 증가하며 요소회로 효소 치는 정상을 보인다. 치료가 늦으면 사망에 이르는 응급을 요하는 질환이나 즉각적이고 적절한 치료 시 신경학적 손상을 남기지 않고 호전 가능하다. 저자들은 호흡곤란을 보여 호흡기 치료를 받던 35주 미숙아에서 48시간 내에 경련과 함께 혼수상태에 빠지고 검사상 고암모니아혈증을 보여 신투석 등의 치료 후 회복되었으며 2년 추적관찰에서 정상을 보인 환아를 보고하는 바이다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of Acanthamoeba infections remain incompletely understood. Phospholipases are known to cleave phospholipids, suggesting their possible involvement in the host cell plasma membrane disruption leading to host cell penetration and lysis. The aims of the present study were to determine phospholipase activities in Acanthamoeba and to determine their roles in the pathogenesis of Acanthamoeba. Using an encephalitis isolate (T1 genotype), a keratitis isolate (T4 genotype), and an environmental isolate (T7 genotype), we demonstrated that Acanthamoeba exhibited phospholipase $A_2$ (PLA$_2$). and phospholipase D (PLD) activities in a spectrophotometry-based assay. Interestingly, the encephalitis isolates of Acanthamoeba exhibited higher phospholipase activities as compared with the keratitis isolates, but the environmental isolates exhibited the highest phospholipase activities. Moreover, Acanthamoeba isolates exhibited higher PLD activities compared with the PLA$_2$. Acanthamoeba exhibited optimal phospholipase activities at $37^{\circ}C$ and at neutral pH indicating their physiological relevance. The functional role of phospholipases was determined by in vitro assays using human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC), which constitute the blood-brain barrier. We observed that a PLD-specific inhibitor, i.e., compound 48/80, partially inhibited Acanthamoeba encephalitis isolate cytotoxicity of the host cells, while PLA$_2$-specific inhibitor, i.e., cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine, had no effect on parasite-mediated HBMEC cytotoxicity. Overall, the T7 exhibited higher phospholipase activities as compared to the T4. In contract, the T7 exhibited minimal binding to, or cytotoxicity of, HBMEC.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.189-230
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• 2020

The metabolic syndrome, by definition, is not a disease but is a clustering of individual metabolic risk factors including abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. These risk factors could dramatically increase the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The reported prevalence of the metabolic syndrome varies, greatly depending on the definition used, gender, age, socioeconomic status, and the ethnic background of study cohorts. Clinical and epidemiological studies have clearly demonstrated that the metabolic syndrome starts with central obesity. Because the prevalence of obesity has doubly increased worldwide over the past 30 years, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome has markedly boosted in parallel. Therefore, obesity has been recognized as the leading cause for the metabolic syndrome since it is strongly associated with all metabolic risk factors. High prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is not unique to the USA and Europe and it is also increasing in most Asian countries. Insulin resistance has elucidated most, if not all, of the pathophysiology of the metabolic syndrome because it contributes to hyperglycemia. Furthermore, a major contributor to the development of insulin resistance is an overabundance of circulating fatty acids. Plasma fatty acids are derived mainly from the triglycerides stored in adipose tissues, which are released through the action of the cyclic AMP-dependent enzyme, hormone sensitive lipase. This review summarizes the latest concepts in the definition, pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome, as well as its preventive measures and therapeutic strategies in children and adolescents.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.85-90
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• 1997

32cm직경의 $AlCu_x$(x=0.5%)음극 타겟과 회전 자석을 이용한 상용 마그네트론 스퍼 터링 장치에서 부가적인 플라즈마 여기 방법으로 스퍼터링된 입자들을 이온화시킨후, 수십 볼트의 직류 기판 바이어스로 이온의 방향성과 에너지를 조절하여 작은 트렌치나 via를 채 울 수 있는 공정을 개발하였다. 여기에서, 반경방향의 이온 플럭스비의 균일도 문제를 개선 하기 위하여, 입자들의 가시광선 영역의 방출선을 이용한 플라즈마 진단과, 패터닝된 웨이 퍼에 대한 직접 채우기로 플라즈마 내의 입자 분포와의 상관 관계를 찾고, RF 코일 설계의 개선을 도모하였다. 가시광 방출 분광에서 $Ar^{\circ},\;Ar^+;Al^+,\;Al^{\circ}$ 입자들의 방출선 세기는 1$\mu\textrm{m}$이 하의 크기를 갖는 트렌치와 via의 바닥과 top 두께비와 밀접한 관련이 있었다. RF코일의 직 경을 29cm에서 32cm로 증가 시키고, RF 입력부에 의한 비대칭을 개선하여 이온 플럭스비 의 척도가 되는 via 채우기의 바닥과 top의 두께비에서 7.5%에서 1.5%로의 균일도 향상을 얻었다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.445-449
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• 2010

10세령의 암컷 말티즈가 족부 괴양 및 안면부 괴양성 피부병으로 서울대학교 수의과대학 동물병원에 내원하였다. 환자는 장기간의 페노바르비탈 투여 경력을 가지고 있었으며, 안면부 및 족부의 피부병변의 분포 양상과 간효소 수치의 상승 및 초음파 영상에서의 간의 저에코성병변들을 참고하여, 최종적으로 피부 생검을 통해 표재성 괴사성 피부염으로 진단하였다. 8개월간의 간보조제 경구 투여 및 아미노산제제의 말초 혈액 투여로 피부 증상은 약간 호전되었으나, 비가역적인 간의 손상은 회복이 힘들었으며, 8개월간의 치료 후 사망하였다.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.99-103
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• 2012

I형 타이로신혈증은 타이로신의 분해 과정 중 최종단계에 관여하는 효소인 fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase(FAH)의 결핍에 의한 대사 이상질환이다. 급성 I형 타이로신혈증은 치명적인 간부전이나 혈액응고장애와 같은 급성 임상증상이 나타난 이후에는 예후가 불량하였으나 최근에는 신생아 대사이상 선별검사를 통해 조기 진단이 가능해졌고 2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoro-methylbenzyol)-1,3 cyclohexanedione nitisinone (NTBC) 약물 치료로 타이로신혈증의 치료 성적이 향상됨에 따라 신생아 대사이사 선별검사를 통한 조기 진단과 조기 치료가 더욱 중요해졌다고 할 수 있다. 이에 저자들은 심각한 출혈이나 간부전과 같은 급성 이상 증상이 나타나기 전 신생아 대사이상 선별검사로 조기 진단 및 조기 중재적 치료로 양호한 경과를 보이고 있는 I형 타이로신혈증 1례를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제55권8호
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• pp.301-305
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• 2012

Nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH) is a rare inborn error of amino acid metabolism. A defect in the glycine cleavage enzyme system results in highly elevated concentrations of glycine in the plasma, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain, resulting in glycine-induced encephalopathy and neuropathy. The prevalence of NKH in Korea is very low, and no reports of surviving patients are available, given the scarcity and poor prognosis of this disease. In the current study, we present a patient with NKH diagnosed on the basis of clinical features, biochemical profiles, and genetic analysis. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) allowed the measurement of absolute glycine concentrations in different parts of the brain that showed a significantly increased glycine peak, consolidating the diagnosis of NKH. In additional, serial MRS follow-up showed changes in the glycine/creatinine ratios in different parts of the brain. In conclusion, MRS is an effective, noninvasive diagnostic tool for NKH that can be used to distinguish this disease from other glycine metabolism disorders. It may also be useful for monitoring NKH treatment.