• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권11호
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• pp.2630-2637
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• 2020

The structure design of divertor Multi-Functional Maintenance Platform (MFMP) actuated by hydraulic system for China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) was introduced in this paper. The model of MFMP was established according to maintenance requirements. In this paper, Newton-Euler method and the improved virtual work principle were used, the equivalent driving force of each actuator was obtained through the equivalent Jacobian inverse matrix derived from velocity relationship among the components. The accuracy of the model was verified by ADAMS simulation. The stability control of the heavy-duty components driven by hydraulic cylinders based on Newton-Euler method and improved virtual work principle was established.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.358-365
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• 2006

The hydraulic pump of an Electro-hydrostatic Actuator should be able to quickly feed large volume of oil into hydraulic cylinder in order to reduce the response time. On the other hand, it should be also able to precisely dispense small amount of oil through low-speed operation so that the steady state position control error of the actuator can be accurately compensated. Within the scope of axial piston type hydraulic pumps, this paper is focused on the investigation how the surface treatment of their cylinder barrel with TiN plasma coating can contribute to the reduction of the friction and wear rate of valve plate in the low-speed range with mixed lubrication. The results showed that the friction torque of the valve plate mated with a TiN coated cylinder barrel could be reduced to 22% of that with an uncoated original one when load pressure was 300 bar and rotational speed 100 rpm. It means that the torque efficiency of the test pump was expected to increase more than 1.3% under the same working condition. At the same time, the wear rate of the valve plate could be reduced to $40\sim50%$.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2012

Flows over a square cylinder with and without plasma actuation are numerically investigated to see whether plasma actuation can effectively modify vortex shedding from the cylinder and reduce the drag and lift fluctuations. In this study, a plasma synthetic jet actuator is mounted on the rear side of cylinder as a means of direct-wake control. The effect of plasma actuation is considered by adding a momentum forcing term in the Navier-Stokes equations. Results show that the reduction of mean drag and lift fluctuations is obtained for both steady and unsteady actuation. However, the steady actuation is better than the unsteady one in terms of mean drag as well as drag fluctuations. With the strong steady actuation considered, the interaction of two separating shear layers from rear corners is effectively weakened due to the interference of synthetic jets. It results in a merging of synthetic-jet and shear-layer vortices and the increase of vortex shedding frequency. On the other hand, the unsteady actuation generates pulsating synthetic jets in the near wake, but it does not change the vortex shedding frequency for the actuation frequencies considered in this study.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제45권11호
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• pp.907-913
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• 2017

아크 플라즈마에 의해 구동되는 스파크 제트의 다양한 에너지 공급 방법에 따른 효율적 운전 성능 특성에 대한 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 펄스 당 37 mJ의 주입 에너지에 의한 급속한 기체의 가열에 의해 약 330 m/s의 고속 제트가 발생함을 확인하였다. 제트의 최대 속도와 침투 거리는 각각 주입된 전력량과 펄스 당 주입된 에너지에 비례하였다. 낮은 에너지에서는 오리피스 직경이 작을수록 더 높은 속도의 제트가 발생하였다. 공급 에너지가 같다면 전류를 높인 펄스가 펄스 폭을 높인 펄스보다 높은 속도의 제트를 발생시켰다. 펄스 폭이 약 $10{\mu}s$이고 펄스 당 에너지가 약 10 mJ인 경우가 효율적인 운전에 보다 더 적합한 것으로 확인되었다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.307-314
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• 1993

Plasma protein adsorption is the first event in the blood-material interaction and influenc- es subsequent platelet adhesion towards thlㅈombus formation. Thiㅈomboembolic events are strongly influenced by surface characteristics of materials and fluid dynamics inside the blood pump. In vitro flow visualizaion and an amimal experiment with the moving actuator type TAH were Performed in order to investigate fluid dynamic effects on the protein adsorption. The diffel'encl level, j of shear rate inside the ventricle Lvere determined by consid- ering the direction of the major opening of four healt valves in the implanted TAH and the visualized flow patterns as well. Each ventricle of the explanted TAH was sectionalized into 12 segments according to the shear rate level. The adsorbed protein on each segment was quantified using the ELISA method after soaking in 2% (wye)SDS/PBS for two days. Adsorbed protein layer thicknesses Itvere measured by the Immunogotd method under TEM. The SEM observation show that right ventricle (RV) , immobilized with albumin, displayed different degrees of platelet adhesion on each segment, whereas the left ventricle (LV), grafted by PEO-sulronate, indicated nearly , iame platelet adhesion behavior, regardless of shear rates. The surface concentrations of adsorbed proteins in the low shear rate region are hlghel'than those in the high region, which was confirmed statistically. A modified adsorption model of plasma protein onto polyurethane surface was suggested by considering the effect of the fluid dynamic characteristics.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1998년도 하계학술대회 논문집 G
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• pp.2515-2517
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• 1998

The micro fresnel lens(MFL) was modeled and fabricated on a XY-stage electrostatically driven by comb actuator. The modeled MFL was approximated as a step shape with 4-phase and 4-zone plate. The focal length and diameter of the MFL is 20mm and 912${\mu}m$, respectively. The XY-stage suspending the MFL is designed to generate a large static displacement up to about 20${\mu}m$. On SOI substrates, we first fabricated MFL using the RIE(reactive Ion etching) technology and then patterned and etched bulk silicon to make XY-stage. After the fabrication of all structures on top side of the SOI substrates. $Si_3N_4$ was deposited for passivation of all structures using PECVD(plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition). All the MFL systems width comb drive actuator were released by KOH etching from the bottom side of the SOI wafer using double-sided alignment technique. In fabrication of MFL, a dry etching conditions is established in order to improve surface roughness and to control the etched depth.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.44-54
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• 2024

This study investigates the effectiveness of using a plasma actuator for active control of turbulent flow around a finite square cylinder. The primary objective is to analyze the impact of plasma actuators on flow separation and wake region characteristics, which are critical for reducing drag and suppressing vortex-induced vibrations. Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) was employed to explore the flow dynamics at various operational parameters, including different actuation frequencies and voltages. The proposed methodology employs a neural network trained using the Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm to determine optimal control policies for plasma actuators. This network is integrated with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver for real-time control. Results indicate that this deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based strategy outperforms existing methods in controlling flow, demonstrating robustness and adaptability across various flow conditions, which highlights its potential for practical applications.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2018

This work demonstrates attenuation effects of plasma on waves propagating in the 26.5-40 GHz range. The effect is investigated via experiments measuring the transmission between two Ka-band horn antennas set 30 cm apart. A dielectric-barrier-discharge (DBD) plasma generator with a size of $200mm{\times}100mm{\times}70mm$ and consisting of 20 layers of electrodes is placed between the two antennas. The DBD generator is placed in a $400mm{\times}300mm{\times}400mm$ acrylic chamber so that the experiments can be performed for plasma generated under various conditions of gas and pressure, for instance, in air, Ar, and He environments at 0.001, 0.05, and 1 atm of pressure. Attenuation is calculated by the difference in the transmission level, with and without plasma, which is generated with a bias voltage of 20 kV in the 0.1-1.4 kHz range. Results show that the attenuation varies from 0.05 dB/m to 9.0 dB/m depending on the environment. Noble gas environments show higher levels of attenuation than air, and He is lossier than Ar. In all gas environments, attenuation increases as pressure increases. Finally, electromagnetic models of plasmas generated in various conditions are provided.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.695-702
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• 2009

We propose a lens-drive unit composed of an ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) for an auto-focus compact camera module in cellular phones to solve the power consumption problem of voice coil motors which are widely used in commercial products. In this research, an IPMC incorporated into a lens-drive unit is designed to implement a large displacement in low-power consumption by using an anisotropic plasma treatment. Experimental results show that a camera module containing IPMCs can control and maintain the position of the lens by using proportional integral derivative control with a photo-reflective position sensor despite the non-linear actuation behavior of IPMCs. We demonstrate that the fabrication and commercialization of a lens actuator that has a large displacement and low power consumption using IPMCs is possible in the near future.

• 유공압시스템학회논문집
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2004

The hydraulic pump for a Electro-hydrostatic Actuator for aircrafts should be able to quickly feed large volume of oil into hydraulic cylinder in order to reduce the response time. On the other hand, it should be also able to precisely dispense small amount of oil by low-speed operation so that the steady state position control error of the EHA can be accurately compensated. This paper is focused on the investigation how the plasma coating surface treatment of cylinder barrel with CrSiN can contribute to the reduction of low-speed friction torque of a bent-axis type piston pump. The results showed that the reduction of the friction torque was not remarkable, but that the anti-wear characteristics of the CrSiN-coated cylinder barrel were much better that those of the original one.