• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.311-318
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• 2002

Planting date of soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is one of production components in cultural systems. The objective of the current study was to identify the components of soybean production and cultural practices encompassing planting dates and cultivars that respond to dry matter accumulation, harvest index and yield components. Three determinate soybean cultivars were planted on May 13 (early), June 3 (mid), and June 24 (late). Planting density was 60$\times$15cm with 2 seeds (222,000 plants per ha). Soybean plants were sampled every 10 days interval from the growth stages of V5 to R8 and separated into leaves including petioles, stems, pods, and seeds. Dry matter accumulations, harvest indices, and yield components were measured. Early planting had taken 55 days from VE to R2 and late planting taken 39 days indicating reduced vegetative growth. Early planting showed higher leaf, stem, pod and seed dry weights than late planting. However, late planting appeared to be higher harvest index and harvesting rate. Vegetative mass including leaf and stem increased to a maximum around R4/R5 and total dry weight increased to a maximum around R5/R6 and then declined slightly at R8. The highest seed yield was obtained with mid planting and no difference was found between early and late plantings. Cultivar differences were found among planting dates on growth characteristics and yield components. The results of this experiment indicated that soybean yield in relation to planting dates examined was mainly associated with harvest index and harvesting rate, and planting date of cultivars would be considered soybean plants to reach the growth stage of R4/R5 after mid August for adequate seed yield.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.44-51
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• 1995

도입에 의존하고 있는 풋콩 종자 생산체계를 확립하고자 조숙성 품종인 큰올콩과 풋콩 도입풍종인 Fukura 피두를 평야지（영남농업시험장） 및 고랭지（경남 밀양군, 사자평 ：해발 850m）에 파종시기（5월 15일, 6월 15일, 7월 15일）를 달리하여 생육 및 수량과 병해립 및 저장후 발아력을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 파종시기가 빠를수록 협수가 많고 100립종은 무거웠으며 수량도 높았다. 재배지별로는 평야지가 고랭지보다 증수되었고, 큰올콩이 Fukura보다 수량성이 높았다. 2. 남부지방의 산간 고랭지는 평야지에 비해 생육 및 100립종이 저하하고 수량성이 크게 떨어져 평야지보다 불리하였다. 3. 안전립 수량은 파종시기가 빠를수록 높고, 평야지 및 큰올콩품종에서 증수되었으며, 전체 립종에 대한 안전립 비율은 고랭지에서 높게 나타났다. 4. 파종시기에 따른 병해정도는 큰올콩은 뚜렷한 차이가 없었으나 Fukura는 파종기가 빠를수록 나병립율이 높았고, 미이라병은 파종기가 빠를수록 심하게 발생하였으며 자정병은 파종기가 늦을수록 많이 발생하는 경향이었다. 5. 종자의 발아율은 파종기가 늦은 것이 높았으며, 5월 15일에 파종하여 수확ㆍ저장한 종자의 발아율은 매우 낮아 문제시 되었다. 따라서 풋콩 종자생육을 위한 적정파종시기는 수파기의 고온ㆍ다습한 환경을 고려하여 6월 중순경이 좋을것으로 생각되었다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.372-379
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• 2013

The present study was investigated the effect of planting density on plant growth and yield of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Sowing density is one of the most important factors affecting yield. The value of roots have affected by shape, color, weight and degree of disease injury in ginseng. Also, it needed to minimize elapsed time for 5 years including pre-planting field management and cultivation period. We were conducted to evaluate that planting densities and varieties on the growth, yield and missing rate. The direct sowing was treated seeds density as a four levels (seeds; 72, 90, 120, 144) and 10 different varieties with 3 years old ginseng roots. Root weight was significantly affected by planting density and variety, but the number of lateral root and yield were affected by only planting density. Growth index was related to variety and planting density. Also, Root shape index was affected by both varieties and planting densities. Suitable planting density and variety were 120 plant per 1.62 $m^2$ and Gopoong, respectively. Results showed that it was also a significant difference (p=5%) in variety of planting density on growth.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.200-205
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• 2016

This study was conducted in order to investigate the effects that the difference of planting time by a method of cultivation in the non-heated greenhouse and the open field with spring planting had on growth and yield. With regard to the tested variety of Momordica charantia, variety 'Dragon' (Japan Yae 農藝) was selected. And 3 treatments on March 20, April 5 and April 20 for the greenhouse cultivation and 3 treatments on April 20, May 5 and May 20 for the open-field cultivation 1 month later than those for the greenhouse cultivation were planted by the randomized complete block design, and 4 secondary vines were trained. In the results of examining 15-day average atmospheric temperature after planting according to the methods of greenhouse and open-field cultivation and planting time, it was shown that there was a tendency for atmospheric temperature inside the greenhouse to decrease as the planting time was moved up. In particular, the average atmospheric temperature was $16.7^{\circ}C$ when seedling was planted on April 20 in the open-field cultivation, which was approximately equal to $17.0^{\circ}C$ of the average atmospheric temperature when a seedling was planted on March 20 in the greenhouse cultivation. With regard to the date of first harvest by the method of cultivation, it was shown that there was a tendency for the date of first harvest to be earlier in the greenhouse cultivation than in the open-field cultivation, and the date of first harvest was moved up as a seedling was planted earlier for the planting period. The number and weight of harvested fruits per plant showed a tendency which was almost similar to that of total number of harvest days and number of harvests. Thus, the number of fruits was 189 and the weight of fruits was 31,649g in case of the greenhouse cultivation and planting on March 20, which were maximum. In case of planting on the latest planting date : May 20 in the open-field cultivation, the number of fruits was 77 and the weight of fruits was 12,502g, which were at a level of 40% of those of planting on March 20 in the greenhouse cultivation 2 months earlier. The total yield per 10a was 10,228kg in the greenhouse cultivation and was 2.2 times as heavy as 4,607kg in the open-field cultivation with regard to the method of cultivation. For the planting period in the greenhouse cultivation, it was 10,539kg and 10,517kg in planting on March 20 and April 5, which was higher by 9% than 9,629kg in planting on April 20. And in the open-field cultivation, it was 4,785kg in planting on April 20 and 4,872kg in planting on May 5, which was higher by 15~17% than 4,163kg in planting on May 20. Taking the above results into account, it is considered proper to plant Momordica charantia from March 20 to April 5 for the greenhouse cultivation and from April 20 to May 5 or thereabouts when a risk of late frost is gone for the open-field cultivation in southern area.

• 식물병연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.20-23
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• 2015

A sequential planting method was developed to screen rice plants with durable resistance against rice blast in a short time, and applied for several years in Korean rice breeding program. In this study, we showed the advantages of a sequential planting method compared to other pathogenicity tests. The correlation analysis among three pathogenicity tests and other factors demonstrated that durable resistance depended on the average of diseased leaf area and the number of compatible pathogens. Significant correlations were found in the nursery test but not in the field test result. In addition, we traced changes in the pathogen population during sequential planting stages through re-isolation of the pathogen. The portion of compatible pathogens was increased during sequential planting. Through this study, we provide an effective sequential planting method and direction of durable resistance in a breeding program.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.159-164
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• 1997

일천궁의 정식기와 재식거리가 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 울릉 일천궁을 공식하여 정식기를 3월 5일부터 4월 20일까지 15일 간격으로 4회 정식하고 재식거리를 휴폭은 35, 45, 55cm로 하고 주간거리를 15, 25, 35cm로 하여 경상북도 울릉도에서 1991년부터 1992년까지 2개년간 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 정식기가 늦어질수록 지상부 생육이 떨어졌고 병해(엽고병, 위황병)는 7정도, 충해(천궁 바구미)는 5정도로 정식기간에 모두 다소 높게 발생하였다. 2. 엑스함량은 조식할수록 많았으며 회분과 산불용성 회분함량에서는 대한약전외 한약(생약) 규격치 이하여서 생약으로 이용시 안전성과 유효성과 문제가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 건근수량은 3월 30일 정식(2,880kg/ha)이 가장 많았고 이후의 만식에서는 $58\sim70%$감수되어 일천궁의 정식기는 3월20일경이었다. 4. 재식거리에 따른 생육은 소식일수록 좋았고 수량평가의 요소인 주당 노두수는 밀식일수록 증가하였다. 5. 엑스함량은 재식거리간 모두 $4.3\sim4.6%$였고 회분과 산불용성 회분함량은 생약 이용 규격 이하여서 양징근이었다. 6. 건근수량은 $45\times25cm$(2,000kg/ha)에 비해 $35\times15cm$에서 33% 증수되어 적정 재색거리로 판단되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.286-291
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• 2002

Seedling establishment of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a critical factor in production system and cultural practices. The objective of this study was to identify the components of soybean seedling developments encompassing planting dates and cultivars that respond to emergence, early growth stage and dry matter accumulation. Three soybean cultivars, Hwangkeumkong, Shinpaldalkong 2, and Pungsannamulkong, were planted at Baegsan silty loam soil. Planting date was May 13, June 3, and June 24 in 2001. Sprinkler irrigation was accompanied with 30mm after seeding for three planting dates. Soybean seedlings were sampled at the growth stages from VE to V5. Days to emergence of soybean seedlings were taken 8 at May 13 and 5 at June 24 plantings. Emergence percentage was over 90 at three planting dates. May 13 planting took 33 days and June 24 planting was 25 days for reaching V5 growth stage. Cotyledon number was decreased after V2. Significant cultivar difference was found in cotyledon dry weight until V2 which differed in seed dry weights at the planting times. Leaf and total dry weights of soybean seedlings were not differed from V1 to V3 among planting dates and cultivars. Leaf water contents were generally ranged 78 to 85%. Branch was appeared from V4. Leaf/stem ratio among cultivars was similar at five growth stages and gradually increased from 2.1 at V1 to 2.8 at V5. The results based on this experiment indicated that seedling establishment of soybean was continued from VE to V3 growth stages affecting mainly by planting date and soil moisture.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.327-337
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• 1996

A field experiment was conducted at SNU Experimental Livestock Farm, Suweon in 1995 to determine effect of planting date on forage performance of wm hybrids of four different maturity groups. A split-plot design replicated three times was used, with com hybrids representing four maturity groups (115, 118, 121 and 125 days) being the main plots and planting dates (3124, 415, 415, 425, 515 and 5/15) the sub-plots. 1. Days to emergence and percent emergence from the March 24 planting were, on the average, 36 days and 58%, respectively, but those from the April 5 to May 15 planting averaged 12 days and 92%, respectively. 2. Plant and ear heights increased gradually as the dates of planting were delayed except the May 15 planting, however, percent ear was decreased as the dates of planting were delayed. There was a trend for the mean lodging percentage of the hybrids to be higher as the planting date was delayed. 3. The 115-and 118-day mediumearly maturing hybrids harvested on August 18 produced silages with a dry matter content between 27 and 30% at all planting dates except the May 15 planting, while the 121-and 125-day medium-late maturing hybrids produced silages with a dry matter wntent less than 27% regardless of any planting dates. 4. There were no significant differences in mean dry matter yield among the hybrids, but significant mean TDN yield differences were found. The 115-, 118- and 125-day hybrids had significantly higher mean TDN yield than the 121-day hybrid. There were significant differences in mean dry matter and TDN yields among the planting dates. The mean dry matter and TDN yields from the April 5, 15 and 25 plantings were significantly higher than those of other plantings, however, there were no significant differences in mean TDN yield among the April 5, April 15 and April 25 plantings. No significant planting date $\times$ maturity interactions were found for both the dry matter and TDN yields. 5. Mean stover NDF and ADF contents of the 115- and 118day hybrids were higher than those of the 121- and 125-day hybrids, but the reverse was true for mean stover IVDMD and RFV. Mean stover NDF an ADF contents increased with earlier plantings, but mean stover IVDMD and RFV increased when planting was delayed. Results of this experiment indicate that for corn planting in central and northern areas of Korea, early to mid-April may be the right time with the 115-to 118-day maturity hybrids when silage making before August 20 is taken into consideration.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.87-91
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• 2013

The major characteristics of the developed corn hybrids were compared at each different planting time; 1st time(April 28) and 2nd time(August 20), respectively. Among traits surveyed, stem height showed highly at 1st time than 2nd, while ear height, stem diameter and ear length were similar at two times. Sugar content of the used hybrids showed highly at 2nd planting time than 1st. Pericarp thickness was also high at 2nd planting time. Especially, among hybrids CNU99 was the highest in stem height and ear length, CNU11 and CNU56 were high in sugar content, and CNU51 and CNU124 were thiner than other hybrids in pericarp thickness. Accordingly, these hybrids will be planted and recognized in 2nd yield trial for superior corn hybrid selection.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.287-293
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• 1987

호밀 적ㆍ만기 파종에서 종자성숙 및 파종량이 출아, 생육, 청예 건물수량 및 종실수량에 미치는 영향을 구명하고저 경북 경산군 영남대학교 농장에서 재래종(팔당호밀)을 공시하여 파종기 10월 28 일(적기) 및 11월 11일(만기)로 하고 파종기별로 출수후 45일 및 30일에 수확한 종자를 파종량을 달리하여 ( 1$m^2$당 300입, 450입, 600입, 750입, 900입) 시험을 실시하였다. 출아수 및 분얼수는 적기파종에서 출수후 30일과 45일 종자간에 차이가 없었고, 파종량을 증가할 때 출아수가 증가하고 분얼수는 감소하는 경향이 있었고, 만기파종에서는 출수후 45일 종자에서 30일 종자보다 출아수와 분얼수가 많았으며 파종량 증가에 따른 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 만파에서 출수후 30일 종자는 파종량 증가로서 적정주수 확보가 어렵다. 출수기는 적ㆍ만파에서 출수후 30일 종자가 2~3 일 늦었다. 청예수양은 만파에서 크게 감소하였고 적ㆍ만파모두 파종량을 높일 때 청예수량도 증대되어 적기파종에서 750립 / $m^2$( 15kg/ 10a)의 파종량에서 최대가 되었고, 출수후 30일 종자는 만파에서 현저하게 낮았다. 수수 및 1000입중은 적기파종에서 만기파종보다, 그리고 만기파종에서는 출수후 45일 종자로서 파종량 750립/$m^2$ ( 15kg/10a) 이상에서는 적기파종의 종실수량 수준까지 접근할 수 있었다. 출수후 30일 종자는 만기파종에서 파종량을 증가하여도 출아율이 낮고 청예 및 종실수량이 심하게 감소되어 종자로 이용하기는 불안정하다.