• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the growth characteristics of artificially planted trees on top of the underground parking lots. The trees were planted 17 years ago and are now in good condition. The survey results are as follows. The planting depth of the trees was 0.9 - 1.3m. The horizontal roots of the trees were distributed in the depth of 0.2m ~ 0.6m, Growth condition was also considered to be good. Also, in the case of the straight root of the trees, the pine tree(Pinus densiflora) grew near the bottom but tree root was very thin, and the Japanese hackberry tree(Celtis sinensis) and the zelkova tree(Zelkova serrata) were seemed to bend at the bottom and to grow by changing direction. When trees were planted on artificial ground, the roots grew well horizontally, and the forces of growing vertically were much weakened. because the plants were planted in earth ball state. As a result, it was considered that the roots would hardly penetrate the bottom-pressing concrete floor.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2021

Background and objective: This study examined, compared, and analyzed the tree vitality of the trees growing on the artificial ground of Seoullo 7017 that transformed the overpass that was to be demolished into a "sky garden" using portable tree pots. Methods: Based on the summer season when the metabolic activity of plants is most active, this study measured the cambial electrical resistance in four directions(east, west, south and north), using the Shigometer (model OZ-93, Osmose) and compared the location and analysis of pots according to their means and standard errors. Results: Meanwhile, according to the analysis, vitality was relatively superior in pots with a big diameter, trees planted individually than in groups, trees of the ramp section rather than the bridge section, and in the southwest direction of the cambium. Conclusion: This study revealed the improper condition of the planting plan and implementation on the site, where various species of trees are displayed in a poor environment. Despite the significant assessment of the vitality of various trees introduced within Seoullo 7017 for the first time, this study is limited in that the data used were measured only once in summer. In this regard, it raised the need for continuous interest in and monitoring of a special plant environment and development of proper maintenance and management techniques, along with follow-up research on seasonal and temperature conditions, soil moisture and root development conditions to supplement this research.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1999

1. 인공식재지반 토양의 배합특성에 따른 켄터키블루글래스의 초기발아율은 버미큘라이트가 사용된 실험구에서 높게 나타났으며, 밭흙의 경우 가장 낮았다. 초장에 있어서는 파종후 약 1개월 후는 "밭흙+버미큘라이트+모래"의 혼합구에서(3.0cm), 2개월 후는 "밭흙+훈탄+모래"의 혼합구(5.0cm)에서 가장 긴 것으로 확인되었다. 그러나 3개월 후부터는 다시 "밭흙+버미큘라이트+모래"의 혼합구(5.0cm)에서 가장 길었다. 피복율은 파종 2개월 후는 "밭흙+버미큘라이트+모래"의 경우가 가장 높았으며, 파종 3개월 후부터는 "밭흙+부숙톱밥+모래"의 혼합구에서 높은 피복율을 나타내었다. 반면 밭흙의 경우 발아율과 마찬가지로 초장 및 피복율에 있어서 가장 불량한 생육상태를 보였다. 즉, 혼합토양의 경우 단일토양 보다 상대적으로 높은 생육상태를 보이고 있었으며, 이는 혼합한 토양개량재의 특성이 식물생육에 영향을 미치고 있음을 반영해 주는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 2. 인공지반상의 토양종류별 시비종류가 식물생육에 미치는 영향정도를 분석한 결과 먼저 밭흙의 경우 유기질비료의 시용구가 우수하였으며, 버미큘라이트 및 "밭흙+버미큘라이트+모래"의 토양구성에서는 초장 및 피복율은 유기질비료의 처리구에서 우세하였다. "밭흙+훈탄+모래"의 혼합구에서는 비료를 시비하지 않은 무처리구에서도 비교적 양호한 생육상태를 보이고 있어, 인공지반상의 식재용토로 사용할 경우 상대적으로 비료 요구도가 덜 한 것을 알 수 있다. "밭흙+부숙톱밥+모래"의 배합토에서는 초기발아율 및 초장, 피복율에 있어 유기질 비료의 처리구에서 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 3. 인공식재지반의 시비방법에 따른 켄터키 블루글래스의 생장을 종합해 볼 때 초기발아율 및 초장, 피복율에서 유기질비료의 처리구가 상대적으로 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 본 실험에 사용된 5종류의 토양중 인공식재지반조성시 "밭흙+부숙톱밥+모래"의 구성이 상대적으로 양호한 생육상태를 나타내고 있었으며, 시비종류에 따른 식물의 생육상태는 유기질 비료를 시용한 실험구가 가장 양호하였다. 토양종류와 시비와의 관계를 살펴보면 무시비구에서는 "밭흙+훈탄+모래", "밭흙+부숙톱밥+모래" 등의 토양에서 생육이 상대적으로 우수하였다. 그러나 버미큘라이트를 사용한 실험구는 화학비료의 영향을 가장 많이 받는 것으로 나타나 인공식재지반용토로 버미큘라이트 등을 사용할 경우 화학비료를 시비해 주는 것이 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 다만 본 연구에서는 혼합전의 토양과 유기질비료의 몇가지 화학적 특성은 측정되었으나 토양과 비료혼합후의 화학적 특성 등이 구체적으로 규명되지 않아 비료혼합후의 이들의 반응관계에 대한 지속적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 기술사
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2009

Retaining wall is a structure to stabilize the land slope as vertical retaining wall have constructed to make efficiency use of downtown area. Recently to commune with nature and refine a apartment and structure, natural friendly relations for retaining walls are tried to construct. The surface of the concrete walls are weave in various figures and colours, and in some places plant a shrub. Laying a landscape stone which have disclose a plane nature one means keeping up the natural slope, constructively safely set a anchor in front side and rear side wall between the natural stone, plant shrub or ground coverings to give shape into a rock. Natural stone is exposed of surface and planting the gardening, to be a type of natural friendly relations however that will be recycled. The size of blasted nature stone which is irregular become more natural type of one.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.513-520
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• 2002

A 5-row walking garlic harvester with pulling mechanism was developed in the study, based upon a kinematical analysis and related preliminary field tests on the conventional garlic harvesting method. The harvesting efficiency of the developed harvester was more than 98% in the garlic field irrigated before harvesting, 80-85% in the field without irrigation. The harvesting performance of the harvester was 660∼825㎡/hr at the forward speed of harvester of 0.3m/s in the irrigated field before garlic harvesting. For proper garlic drying and collection, the harvester discharged the harvested garlic on the ground uniformly at the angles of 135。∼150。 to its forward direction with the garlic bulb's placing toward the harvester. In the field tests, it was recommended that the forward speed of the harvester be approximately less than 0.2m/s, and that the spacing of planting garlic seeds should be standardized in the future fur increasing its harvesting efficiency.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.89-95
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• 1999

본 연구는 임해매립지에서 토양의 화학적 특성을 조사하여 수목식재를 위한 합리적인 토양관리에 관한 자료를 얻고자 수행하였다. 토양조사는 시화매립지의 시흥공단에서 녹지조성 예정지를 중심으로 토지이용별 및 토심별로 실시되었다. 조사지역에서 개흙은 전기전도도와 치환성나트륨 백분율이 높은 염류알칼리성 토양 특징을 갖고있었다. 임해매립지에서 토양 pH 평균값은 7.8~5.7범위이었고, 주거/공단 완충녹지 토양에서 전기전도도와 치환성나트륨 백분율은 각각 3.76Sm-1와 35%로 조사지역 중에 가장 높았다. 토양 50cm 깊이에서 치환성 Na+의 평균함량은 1.76~2.80cmol+/kg으로 조사되었고, 치환성 Na+의 평균함량은 치환성 Ca2+보다는 낮았으나 치환성 Mg2+과 K+보다는 높았다. 토심별 염분농도는 50cm보다 100cm 깊이에서 높게 조사되었으며, 주거/공단 완충녹지는 전토심에서 염분농도가 수목에 영향을 주기에 충분할 정도로 높았다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.281-285
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• 2012

본 연구는 쌈채 및 강장제로 이용되고 있는 산마늘을 조경용 지피식물로 활용하고자 수행하였다. 차광 정도를 30%, 50%, 80%로 처리하여 생육 특성 및 엽록소 함량 등을 조사하였다. 엽수는 처리구별로 유의성이 인정되지 않았으나 엽장과 엽폭은 80% 차광 처리구가 각각 16.8cm, 10.1cm로 무처리구의 13.4cm, 7.3cm에 비해 우수하였다. 생체중은 무처리구가 차광 처리구에 비해 우수한 것으로 나타났으나 지상부 생체중은 무처기구가 8.5g인데 비해 80% 차광 처리구가 0.4g로 양호하였다. 엽록소 함량은 50% 차광 처리구가 42.8, 80% 차광 처리구가 40.5로 무처리의 36.7에 비해 높았다. 따라서 차광 수준에 따른 산마늘의 생육 특성은 80% 차광 처리구에서 가장 우수하여 음지성 지피식물로서 가치가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2009년 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.316-320
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• 2009

Recently, concerns about conserving proper size of urban green spaces and accessibility are increasing, regarding it as a solution to diverse urban environmental problems including pollution, ecosystem deterioration, urban climate change. Artificial ground greening such as green roofs is regarded as the only alternative that can conserve green spaces which are impossible to be secured on the ground. However, green roofs are not popularized yet and levels are very low in provincial cities despite of related technology development and support systems of related agencies. Based on the background, this study tries to present a theoretical basis of methods for green roofs, conducting green roof simulations and collecting ideas about problems and improving measures from green roof users. Finally, it aims to offer base data which help establish policy direction for activation of green roof technology. As a result of a simulation for verifying temperature reduction effect, it was possible to affirm effect of a plot that green roofs applied. Especially, it was revealed that a green roof method using ground covers such as mixed planting was the most effective way to reduce temperature. Activation methods for green roofs based on this study are as follows: First, it is a priority to readjust systems related to green roofs. Second, citizens' active and voluntary participation must be attained. Third, it is required to establish detailed promotion procedures which aim at actual conduct and to maintain an expert department which is able to manage and control the establishment. After conduct, continuous aftercare stages are also needed.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2021

This study was carried out to suggest an appropriate plant combination by evaluating the growth of flowering ground-cover plants planted with Festuca glauca 'Eljiah Blue' on the roof-top environment. As for the plant materials, Allium senescens and Chrysanthemum coreanum which are shorter than Festuca glauca 'Eljiah Blue' and Sedum takesimense and Agastache rugosa which are taller than Festuca glauca 'Eljiah Blue' were selected. Festuca glauca 'Eljiah Blue' was planted on Conrol, and Festuca glauca 'Eljiah Blue' with Allium senescens (T1), Festuca glauca 'Eljiah Blue' with Sedum takesimense (T2), Festuca glauca 'Eljiah Blue' with Agastache rugosa(T3), and Festuca glauca 'Eljiah Blue' with Chrysanthemum coreanum (T4) were planted in each experimental plot. Plant height and covering rate were measured to evaluate the growth of Festuca glauca 'Eljiah Blue'. Also, relative growth rate (RGR) of plant height, RGR of plant width, and mortality rate of the flowering ground-cover plants were estimated. Plant height and cover rate of Festuca glauca 'Eljiah Blue' was greatest in T3. RGR of plant height was greater in the order of Agastache rugosa, Allium senescens, Chrysanthemum coreanum, and Sedum takesimense. In particular, RGR of plant width was also greatest for Agastache rugosa. Mortality rates of Agastache rugosa and Allium senescens were lowest at 11%. Therefore, based on good growth of Festuca glauca 'Eljiah Blue' planted with Agastache rugosa, these results were suggested as a desirable combination of plant species for rooftop gardening.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.193-205
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• 2021

The importance of forests and trees in climate change mitigation and soil nutrient cycling cannot be overemphasized. This study assessed the above-ground carbon stock of two exotic and two indigenous tree species - Gmelina arborea, Tectona grandis, Khaya grandifoliola and Nauclea diderrichii and their litter impact on soil nutrient content of an arboretum within the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Data were collected from equal sample plots from the four species' compartments. Tree growth variables including total height, diameter at breast height, crown height, crown diameter and merchantable height were measured for the estimation of above-ground carbon stock. Soil samples were collected from a depth of 0-30 cm from each compartment and analyzed for particle size distribution, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable bases, exchangeable acidity, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, pH, Manganese, Iron, Copper and Zinc. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test for significant difference (p<0.05) in the carbon contents of the four species and the soil nutrient contents of the different species' compartments. Pearson correlation was used to assess the relationships between the carbon contents, growth parameters and soil parameters. The highest and lowest carbon stock per hectare was observed for G. arborea (151.52 t.ha^-1) and K. grandifoliola (45.45 t.ha^-1) respectively. Cation exchange capacity and base saturation were highest and lowest for soil under G. arborea and K. grandifoliola respectively. The pH was highest and lowest for soil under G. arborea and T. grandis respectively. Carbon stock correlated positively with dbh, crown diameter, merchantable height and Zn and negatively with base saturation. The study revealed that G. arborea and N. diderrichii can effectively be used for reforestation and afforestation programmes aimed at climate change mitigation across Nigeria. Therefore, policies to encourage and enhance their planting should be encouraged.