• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1127-1127
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• 2003

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.196-209
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• 2024

This study aimed to develop a mixed plantation strategy, with Sal (Shorea robusta) as the primary tree species, along with four associated and two naturally grown tree species. Using a randomized complete block design (RCBD), the field experiment involved a control group (mono plantation) and three mixed plantation groups, each replicated four times, totaling 80 replicates (40 in 2019 and 40 in 2020). Survival rate, height and collar diameter growth of seedlings were recorded in both mono and mixed plots in July 2021. Statistical analyses, including one-way ANOVA on means from three replicate plots (p<0.05) and a Tukey HSD test, were conducted to assess differences between treatments. Significant differences in survival rates were found among mono plantations, with T_Mono04 showing the highest survival rate (88% to 91%). However, there were no significant differences in survival rates among seedlings in mixed plantations. Notably, survival rates were lower in mono plantations compared to mixed plantations. Mono plantations showed significant differences in height growth across both 2019 and 2020 plots, with T_Mono05 achieving the highest height growth (101.1 cm to 123.6 cm). Similarly, mixed plantations showed significant differences in height growth, with T_Mixed7 displaying the most substantial growth (116.4 cm to 138.2 cm). Overall, mixed plantations showed greater height growth compared to mono plantations. Significant variations in collar diameter growth were noted in both the 2019 and 2020 mono plantation plots, with T_Mono01 showing the highest growth (10.2 mm to 11.1 mm). Similarly, among mixed plantations, a significant difference in collar diameter growth was observed, with T_Mixed4 exhibiting the highest growth (10.4 mm to 13.1 mm). Overall, mixed plantations showed higher collar diameter growth compared to mono plantations. The findings suggest that planting Sal trees alongside compatible associated and naturally grown tree species in the Sal forests is preferable over establishing mono plantations.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.281-291
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• 2000

In this study tree plantation planning for the plantation blocks of Eucalyptus species was constructed in order to apply to the two farms Jangada and Jamaica, where are located in the western district of the state Mato Grosso do Sul in Brazil. At first the satellite photo was analyzed for the land use classification and the forest ecosystem was classified with GIS technique, and then on the basis of this result the planting available area was accounted for the two farms. According to the request of the land owner the planting planning was established for the planting available area for 3 years. The total area for the two farms is 5,301 ha, and the planting available area is estimated to be 3,913ha(74%). The rest area is 1,388ha(26%), and should be classified to the permanent legal reserve forest area. In order to minimize the soil loss and the erosion, the planting blocks were divided according to the parallel to the contour line： for the first planing year the plantation area was divided to the 27 blocks and the total area was 1,308ha, for the second planing year the area also divided to 27 blocks(1,327.4ha) and for the third planning year 30 blocks divided (1276.5).

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.147-156
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• 2013

Multiple use forestry is capable of generating income for forest based communities through Non-Timber forest products (NTFPs) which provide food, medicine, materials for domestic use and cash income for communities adjoining forest areas in developing countries. This study evaluates the economics of producing ginger rhizomes under teak canopy in a multiple land use system during 2007 and 2008 in even aged teak plantations in Ibadan and Ife, Nigeria. Twelve $6m^2$ sample plots were randomly selected in Completely Randomized Block Design within and outside the plantation. Average ginger rhizome of (50-60 g) were planted on the slightly tilled soil. NPK 15:15:15 was applied at 180 kg/ha on a split unit dose. ANOVA, Profitability, Benefit-Cost (B/C) ratio were used to analyze data. Results showed no significant differences between sites in ginger rhizome yield, (0.089 and 0.718, ${\rho}{\leq}0.05$) in 2007 and 2008 respectively. Average yield were higher outside teak canopy in both sites and treatments, (Ibadan -40.05 g>32.9 g, Ife -67.6 g>25.2 g and Ibadan -41.3 g>31.5 g, Ife -66.8 g>25.0 g) with and without NPK respectively. NPK had no effect on yields within teak plantation, (Ibadan -31.5<32.9 g, Ife -25 g<25.2 g). Ginger rhizome production was viable financially without inorganic fertilizer during second cropping season within and outside plantation (B/C=1.02, 1.09) respectively. Ginger could be raised profitably under teak canopy, however, studies on insolation requirement of ginger under teak canopy and other tree plantations are recommended.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 1997

Japanese red pines growing along the Taebaek mountains have been called "Kangsong" and considered to be superior in growth and wood quality. An attempt was made to determine whether their boundaries for planting may be expanded by testing their early growth at eight experimental plantations of the Republic of Korea. Seeds were collected from the six different natural populations including Uljin in Kyongbuk province. For the provenance test, they were planted in eight different regions including Taean in the spring of 1987. Experimental planting was a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Height growth was measured at the ages of 2, 4, and 6 after planting, and the diameter at root collar at the age of 6 after planting. Significant variation in height growth was observed among the plantations. The height growth measured at the age of 6 after planting showed a positive correlation with the latitude of the test plantation, and the contents of phosphate, potassium and calcium in the soil. A negative correlation, however, was observed between the longitude of the test plantation and height growth. Ponghwa provenance appeared to be the best among the provenances in that the trees from the area grew 16% better in volume growth than the average of all the trees tested in the study, while the worst one was Kyongju from which trees grew 11% less than the average.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 2013

This study was conducted to select superior provenances of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) well adapted to Korean environment for timber production. In 1976, twenty-two provenances of Scots pine were introduced from Sweden and the seeds were sown in seed beds in March. After one year, the seedlings were transplanted to nursery beds. The resulting 1-1 seedlings of 22 provenances were planted at Whaseong in 1978. Randomized complete block design with 3 replications were used for test plantation. Each provenance was planted with 20-tree row plot in each block and at a spacing of $1.8{\times}1.8m$. The growth performance of each provenance was monitored up to 33-years after planting. There were significant differences among provenances in volume growth. F3001 provenance showed the best volume growth of 33-years after planting ($0.160m^3$), which was 2.2 times greater than that of the lowest provenance W2027 ($0.072m^3$). The ranking of provenances was stabilized after 14 years. Comparing to reference tree species, Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora), all Scots pine provenances showed poor growth performance. In other words, volume growth of Japanese red pine at age 28 and 33 were 2.1 and 3.3 times greater than that of Scots pine, respectively. Moreover, survival rate of Scots pine was lower than that of Japanese red pine. Based on these results, it was suggested that Scots pine was not suitable to Korean environments. The cause of maladaptation of Scots pine and the implications of introduction breeding were discussed.