• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.142-149
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 천안시 두정공원을 대상으로 도시공원의 식재유형별 수목의 탄소저장량, 연간 탄소흡수량, 연간 토양호흡량을 측정하여 비교하였다. 두정공원에서 소나무식재림, 상수리나무군락, 상수리나무-아까시나무식재림, 아까시나무식재림을 선정하여 2012년 3월부터 2013년 2월까지 각 식재림을 분석하였다. 탄소저장량과 연간 탄소흡수량은 수목의 흉고직경을 이용한 상대생장식을 활용하여 산정하였고 토양호흡량은 Li-6400을 이용하여 측정하였다. 소나무식재림, 상수리나무군락, 상수리나무-아까시나무식재림, 아까시나무식재림에서의 탄소저장량은 각각 17.36, 88.63, 115.38, $49.88tonCha^{-1}$였고, 연간 탄소흡수량은 각각 1.04, 2.12, 6.47, $3.67tonCha^{-1}yr^{-1}$로 산정되었다. 개체목당 평균 연간 탄소흡수량은 소나무, 상수리나무, 아까시나무에서 각각 1.81, 17.86, $9.14kgC{\cdot}treeyr^{-1}$로 상수리나무가 가장 높았다. 평균 토양호흡량은 각 식재유형별로 2.20, 1.90, 2.47, $2.51{\mu}mo{\ell}CO_2m^{-2}s^{-1}$로 측정되었고 연간 토양호흡량은 각각 6.66, 5.33, 7.20, $7.25tonCha^{-1}yr^{-1}$로 추정되었다. 본 조사지의 식재유형 중 상수리나무-아까시나무식재림이 탄소저장량과 연간 탄소흡수량이 가장 많아 공원의 탄소흡수원 역할에 크게 기여했고, 소나무식재림은 가장 적게 평가되었다. 본 연구결과는 이산화탄소 흡수원의 역할을 하는 도시공원 수목의 식재와 관리에 필요한 자료로 활용될 수 있다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.136-144
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• 2007

본 연구는 낙엽활엽수림과 낙엽송 조림지에서 양분 유입의 차이를 알아보고자 강원도 평창군에 위치한 중왕산 지역에서 임내강우와 임외강우, 낙엽낙지에 의한 양분 유입량과 토양수 내 양분 농도를 조사하였다. 조사 기간동안 연평균 강우 차단율은 낙엽활엽수림에서 12%, 낙엽송 조림지에서 36%로 낙엽송 조림지에서 높았다. 수관통과우 내 양이온 농도는 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 음이온 농도는 낙엽송 조림지에서 더 높았으며, 수간류에서는 $Cl^-$ 이온이 낙엽송 조림지에서 높았으며, 다른 이온은 차이를 보이지 않았다. 수관통과우와 수간류에 의한 양분 유입량은 $Cl^-$ 이온을 제외한 다른 이온들의 유입량이 낙엽송 조림지보다 낙엽활엽수림에서 더 많았다. 토양수 내 이온 농도는 A층에서는 $Cl^-$, $NO_3{^-}$, $SO{_4}^{2-}$ 이온이, B층에서는 $Ca^{2+}$, $Cl^-$ 이온이 낙엽송 조림지에서 다소 높았다. 연간 낙엽낙지량은 낙엽활엽수림에서 $2,589kg\;ha^{-1}$로, 낙엽송 조림지의 $1,046kg\;ha^{-1}$보다 많은 유입량을 보였다. 낙엽낙지내 이온 함유량은 N의 경우 낙엽송 조림지와 낙엽활엽수림에서 각각 1.6%와 1.1%로 낙엽송 조림지에서 더 높았으나, 양이온 함량은 낙엽활엽수림에서 더 높았다. 낙엽낙지에 의한 양분 유입량은 N의 경우, 낙엽활엽수림에서 $36.81kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$, 낙엽송 조림지에서 $16.16kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$였으며, 양이온의 유입량 역시 낙엽활엽수림에서 많았다. 이를 종합해 볼 때, 본 연구에서 수관통과우와 수간류 및 낙엽낙지에 의한 양분유입량은 낙엽활엽수림에서 더 많은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.126-135
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• 2015

본 연구는 전라북도 남원시의 맞춤형 조림지도인 적지적수도를 제작하기 위해 수행하였다. 이를 위해 남원시에 분포하는 주요 수종별 지위지수 추정식을 개발하고, 수종별로 적지에 적합한 입지조건을 반영한 생육범위를 고려하여 각 수종의 적지분포를 공간적으로 평가하였다. 남원시에 분포하는 주요 8개 수종별 지위지수 추정식은 각각 4-5개의 환경인자 조합이 관여하는 것으로 분석되었으며, 전체 27개의 환경인자 중에서 15개가 수종별 지위지수 추정에 사용되었다. 특히 사면위치($X_7$)와 경사형태($X_8$), B층 건습도($X_{11}$), 연최저 기온($X_{15}$), 온량지수($X_{16}$) 비생장기간 5개월 동안의 총강수량($X_{23}$), 월평균 상대습도($X_{24}$), 그리고 생장기간 초기 3개월 동안의 월평균 상대습도($X_{25}$)가 수종별 지위지수 추정식에 많이 포함되는 것으로 판명되었다. 이상과 같은 방법으로 남원시의 적지적수도를 제작한 후, 적합성 검증을 위해 현지 확인 조사를 수행하였다. 현지 확인 결과 본 연구에서 제작한 적지적수도는 사용 가능한 자료의 한계에도 불구하고 수종별 적지분포를 비교적 무난하게 표현하고 있는 것으로 평가되었다. 하지만 부적지로 평가된 일부 지역의 경우 수정 및 보완이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume I
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• pp.94-97
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• 2006

Timber stand age information of timber in industrialized plantation forest is generally collected by field surveying which is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and very costly. It is also inconsistent in analyses perspective. As an alternative, The objective of this research is to present a practical solution for estimating timber age of loblolly pine plantation using Landsat thematic mapper (TM) images, shuttle radar topography mission (SRTM), and national elevation dataset (NED). A multivariate regression model was developed based upon satellite image-based information (i.e.normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), tasseled cap (TC) transformation, and derived tree heights). A residual studentized technique was applied to remove potential outliers. After that, a refined age estimation model with a correlation coefficient R-square of 84.6% was obtained. Finally, the feasibility test of estimated model was performed by comparing estimated and measured stand ages of timber plantations using test datasets of plantation stands (2,032 stands). The result shows that the proposed method of this study can estimate loblolly pine stand age within an error of $2{\sim}3$ years in an effective and consistent way in terms of time and cost.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.225-234
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• 2015

Mangroves are important coastal ecosystems and are located at the inter-tidal zones of tropical and sub-tropical belts. The global mangrove forests are declining dramatically because of the conversion of forests to shrimp farming, over-exploitation, pollution and freshwater diversion. The Bangladesh Forest Department initiated mangrove afforestation throughout the coastal belts of Bangladesh in 1966 to provide better protection for the coastal communities. Up to 1990, 120,000 ha of mangroves had been planted and it is one of the largest coastal afforestaton programs in the world. The objective of this study is to exploit the spatial extent of mangrove plantation and their dynamics of changes over the last two decades using multispectral Landsat imagery. The study area covers the coastal areas of Bangladesh that is extended over the eastern part of Sundarbans up to Teknaf, the southern tip of mainland Bangladesh. Mangrove plantations were interpreted visually on computer screen and interactive delineation of forest boundary was done. The mangrove plantation area has been estimated as 32,725, 47,636 and 43,166 ha for the year of 1989, 2000 and 2010, respectively. Mangrove deforestation by human activity has increased almost six times in the recent decade in comparison to the previous one. The mangrove forest loss due to coastal erosion has slightly declined in the 2000s. Mangroves have been lost primarily because of agricultural expansion. The result of this investigation will be helpful to understand the dynamics of mangrove plantation and the main drivers of changes in this coastal ecosystem.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2009

Soil $CO_2$ efflux can vary markedly in magnitude over both time and space, and understanding this variation is crucial for the correct measurement of $CO_2$ efflux in ecological studies. Although considerable research has quantified temporal variability in this flux, comparatively little effort has focused on its spatial variability. To account for spatial heterogeneity, we must be able to determine the number of sampling points required to adequately estimate soil $CO_2$ efflux in a target ecosystem. In this paper, we report the results of a study of the number of sampling points required for estimating soil $CO_2$ efflux using a closed-dynamic chamber in young and old Japanese cedar plantations in central Japan. The spatial heterogeneity in soil $CO_2$ efflux was significantly higher in the mature plantation than in the young stand. In the young plantation, 95% of samples of 9 randomly-chosen flux measurements from a population of 16 measurements made using 72-$cm^2$ chambers produced flux estimates within 20% of the full-population mean. In the mature plantation, 20 sampling points are required to achieve means within $\pm$ 20% of the full-population mean (15 measurements) for 95% of the sample dates. Variation in soil temperature and moisture could not explain the observed spatial variation in soil $CO_2$ efflux, even though both parameters are a good predictor of temporal variation in $CO_2$ efflux. Our results and those of previous studies suggest that, on average, approximately 46 sampling points are required to estimate the mean and variance of soil $CO_2$ flux in temperate and boreal forests to a precision of $\pm$ 10% at the 95% confidence level, and 12 points are required to achieve a precision of $\pm$ 20%.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2018

We studied natural and plantation forest ecosystem of Sarguja in Chhattisgarh, India in order to understand how vegetation biomass, carbon stock and its allocation patterns vary among the sites. For this, stratified random sampling was opted to measure the different layers of vegetation. Wide floral diversity was found in the natural forest site as compared to the teak stand. Overall, 17 tree species found in natural forest comprising 8 families while in the teak stand 6 species were recorded. In understory strata 23 species were recorded (18 herbs and 5 shrubs) in natural forest whereas in teak stand 20 herb species and 3 shrubs were found. Great variation was also seen in the population dynamics of the different vegetation stratum in concerned sites. The sapling, seedling and herb density was found to be highest in natural stand while tree and shrub density was more in teak stand. Results indicated that stand biomass of the natural site was $321.19t\;ha^{-1}$ while in the teak stand it was $276.61t\;ha^{-1}$. The total biomass of tree layer in plantation site was $245.22t\;ha^{-1}$ and natural forest $241.44t\;ha^{-1}$. The sapling, seedling, shrub and forest floor biomass was found highest under natural forest as compared to the teak plantation site. Carbon stock has similar trend as that of biomass accumulation in natural forest and teak stand. Higher biomass accumulation and carbon stock were recorded in the higher girth class gradation of the population structure. Proper efforts are required to manage these diverse ecosystems to obtain higher biomass and sustainable ecological services.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.83-95
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• 1988

Phytomass, annual net production, respiration, annual gros production and litter fall were estimated in young Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) plantations reforested 1,2,3,6,9 and 11 years ago, respectivly. The estimated phytomasses in terms of allometry were 0.07, 0.44, 0.58, 13.37, 32.26 and 48.42ton/ha/yr for annual net production and those of understory with harvest method were 3.70, 4.52, 5.28, 6.72, 7.56 and 5.72ton/ha for standing phytomass and 5.01, 4.71, 5.52m 6.15, 4.51 and 2.08 ton/ha/yr for annual net production at 1,2,3,6,9 and 11 year old plantation, respectively. Although the standing phytomass of understory increased gradually until 9 years thereafter decreased, that of white pine increased suddenly from 6 years after reforestation. The ratios of the annyal net production of understory to that of white pine were 71.57, 1.48 and 0.23 at 1,6 and 11 year old plantations, respectively. The net production in calorie value for whole vegetation of the plantations, respectively. The net production in calorie value for whole vegetation of the plantations increased until 9 years thereafter decreased; i.e. 224, 221, 280, 466, 527 and 494X105 kcal/ha/yr at 1,2,3,6,9 and 11 year old plantation, respectivey. The ratio of annual net production to annual gross production of the undersoty was lower than that of the pine at the same plantation age. Efficiency of solat energy untilization for net production by the pine was lower than that by understory y\until six ear old plantation but that was vice versa over 9 year old plantation. That for gross producrion by the pine was lower than that by the unsersotry at all plantations.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.209-223
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• 2018

We investigated tree composition, stand characteristics, biomass allocation pattern and carbon storage variability in Sal forests (Shorea robusta Garten.) under two forest management regimes (Sal forest and Sal plantation) in Tripura, Northeast India. The results revealed higher species richness (29 species), stand density of $1060.00{\pm}11.12stems\;ha^{-1}$ and diversity index ($1.90{\pm}0.08$) in Sal forest. and lower species richness (4 species), stand density of $ 230.00{\pm}37.22stems\;ha^{-1}$ and diversity index ($0.38{\pm}0.15$) in Sal plantation. The total basal cover $33.02{\pm}4.87m^2ha^{-1}$) and dominance ($0.76{\pm}0.08$) were found higher in Sal plantation than the Sal forest ($22.53{\pm}0.38m^2ha^{-1}$ and $0.23{\pm}0.02$ respectively). The total vegetation carbon density was recorded higher in Sal plantation ($219.68{\pm}19.65Mg\;ha^{-1}$) than the Sal forest ($167.64{\pm}16.73Mg\;ha^{-1}$). The carbon density estimates acquired in this study suggest that Sal plantation in Tripura has the potentiality to store a large amount of atmospheric carbon inspite of a very low species diversity. However, Sal forests has also an impending sink of carbon due to presence of large number of young trees.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2024

As a phreatophyte, pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is widely grown in water-limited conditions and recognized as an economically valuable crop in semi-arid regions. In Tajikistan, pistachio grows naturally and artificially in 79,000 ha, but the nut yield is very low due to less-developed plantation technologies. In this study, differences in pistachio plantation technologies of the major pistachio-producing countries and Tajikistan were analyzed to suggest ways to improve plantation technologies in Tajikistan. In the major pistachio-producing countries such as Iran, the United States and Turkey, seedlings of high nut-yielding varieties are grafted before planting. As a result, annually 349-4,479 kg ha^-1 of nuts are harvested in those countries. On the other hand, Tajikistan annually produces only 0.6-3.7 kg ha^-1. While seven suitable high nut-yielding varieties (Albina, Dangarinka, Saboh, Green girl, Mountain pearl, October, and Orzu) have been identified as suitable for Tajikistan's environment, the plantation area with grafted individuals using these varieties is limited to only 1.5 ha, necessitating widespread adoption. The low utilization of the high nut-yielding varieties is attributed to the lack of grafting specialists and skills, which have hindered increasing pistachio nut production in Tajikistan. Therefore, improving the basic capability of pistachio grafting should be prioritized to expand the economic profits from the pistachio forests in Tajikistan.