• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.407-412
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• 2011

The germination of the buds in 'Hongisul' grapes is poor and especially the high ratio of shoots where the flowers failed to emerge it was difficult to secure a sufficient amount of harvest. Thus, in this study, the necrosis and the periodical change in the buds were observed morphologically and also the cause of necrosis of the bud was investigated in order to understand what was causing the low germination and flowering. There was no change in the size of the bud after June and based upon external observation, there wasn't any retrogression or withering. However, based on a microscopic examination, the ratio of whole bud and main bud necrosis of the 'Hongisul' grapes continued to increase after August, and specially the ratio of the main bud necrosis continued to increase up to October. As for the size of the buds on the shoots, the buds located on the $1^{st}-3^{rd}$ nodes from the basal part were small whereas the buds located on the $4-10^{th}$ nodes were comparatively larger in its size. The ratio of necrosis of the bud was the highest at the $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ bud, meaning that the buds located at the basal part of the shoot were defective compared to those located at the end of the shoot. It was also found that when the growth of the shoot is active and the shoot diameter is thick, it hindered the development of the buds. Therefore, it was judged that long pruning of 'Hongisul' grapes would help the emergence of the flowers as you could use the buds that have comparatively developed better.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.77-88
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of soil depth and planting density on the growth of lettuce, crown daisy, and strawberry on a rooftop condition using artificial soil as a growth media. The vegetable crops showed better growth for plant height (cm), plant width (cm), plant fresh weight (g), and Fo, Fm and Fv/m on 20cm depth soil than 10cm depth soil except strawberry. Planting density of $16/m^2$ and $64/m^2$ did not show significant differences on the growth of the crops. Soil moisture content and EC were low for 10cm depth soil in lettuce plots, whereas there was no significant differences on soil moisture and EC between two soil depth in strawberry plots. Hunter's L, a, and b values showed the leaf color of lettuce dark green on 20cm depth soil and reddish on 10cm depth soil. Results showed that soil depth suitable for crop growth on rooftop conditions was 20cm rather than 10cm. Growth response of the crops showed no significant difference between $16/m^2$ and $64/m^2$, indicating that planting density of 64 $plants/m^2$ could be practiced on rooftop conditions. Lettuce growth rapidly changed in control treatment in which leaves were not pinched out, while slowly changed in plants which leaves were periodically pinched out. In the case of control plot, it was impossible to harvest because withering of lower leaves after blossom on June 22. The plant of crown daisy in which pinching was not conducted, blossomed on June 7, and the plants were removed since its aesthetical value was lost. Strawberry seemed to be a suitable vegetable crop for rooftop conditions based on its high covering rate and extended growth period until late October. The soil depth 20cm and planting density 64 $plants/m^2$ were suitable for vegetable crops on green roof system using artificial soil.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.337-345
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• 2000

The flora and vegetation of salt marsh region in Nonhyun-dong, Incheon were investigated from June 1999 to June 2000. The surveyed region includes the several abandoned salt farms and natural salt marshes developing along the intertidal zone at the stream of the Sorae Inlet, Yellow Sea and is going to be constructed a costal ecopark. In this survey 14 species of halophytes were collected in the region, among them Suaeda maritima is the most common one, Salicornia herbacea, Artemisia scoparnia and Aster tripolium are also observed popularly. The flora of the abandoned salt farms is very similar to that of the natural salt marshes. However, the bank areas between the abandoned salt farms and the natural salt marshes showed more richness of species diversity including 21 naturalized plants. The vegetations on the natural salt marshes are mainly composed of Suaeda maritima -Artemisia scoparnia and Suaeda maritima communities. On the other hand, various plant communities were investigated in the abandoned salt farms such as Suaeda maritima-Salicornia herbacea, Phragmites communis-Typha angustata, Suaeda asparagoides -Suaeda maritima and Phragmites communis communities. Based on the plant physiognomy and species diversity, the region can be divided into three types of area for conservation, that is, the area composed of well-developed vegetation, disturbed one by human activities and plant withering area. Futhermore, according to the construction of the costal ecopark in the region the conservation scheme for each area was discssed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.212-217
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• 2003

This study was conducted to search for possible cultivation area of Rhodiola sachalinensis as well as to obtain the basic information of growth characteristics. One­year old nursery plants of Rhodiola sachalinensis were collected from Yonbyeon Hongkyungcheon development society in China This expriment was evaluted in three areas according to sea level such as plain region in Cheongwon(50m at sea level), mid­mountainous region in Jecheon(350m at sea level) mountainous region in Banyans(650m at sea level). The growth status Rhodiola sachalinensis showed wide range of variation in there areas. Plant height showed from 8.1cm to 15.8cm, number of branch showed from 3.1 eachs to 4.6 eachs and rate of withering showed from 76％ to 94％, respectively. It was increased rapidly at the early August caused by summer depression. Flowering period of Rhodiola sachalinensis was shown at around middle and late June, total duration of flowering showed from 12 to 13 days and flower colors were various as brown, dark purple, yellow green and brown red color.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2014

Two naturalized plants belonging to Asteraceae (Compositae) were collected in Gangwon-do and Jeju-do. Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt., a taxon of unrecorded genus Euthamia Nutt., was found in Inje-gun, Gangwon-do. This species can be distinguished from Solidago japonica Kitam. and S. gigantea Aiton by punctate, entire leaves and disc corollas without vein. Its Korean name was given 'Mi-yeok-chwi-a-jae-bi' because it shows similar external appearances with that of the Mi-yeok-chwi (Solidago japonica Kitam.). Gamochaeta pensylvanica (Willd.) Cabrera was discovered in Jeju-do. It can be distinguished from G. purpurea (L.) Cabrera by withering basal leaves at flowering and relatively short inner phyllaries. This taxon was named 'Mi-guk-pulsom- na-mul' in Korean by considering its specific epithet.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.398-405
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• 2014

Salt accumulation at soil surface is one of the most detrimental factors for crop production in reclaimed tidal land. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of capillary barriers beneath the soil surface on dynamics of soil salts at coarse-textured reclaimed tidal land. A field experiment was conducted at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land for two years (2012-2013). Capillary barriers ($3.5{\times}12m$) were treated with crushed-stone, oyster shell waste, coal briquette ash, coal bottom ash, rice hull and woodchip at 40-60 cm depth from soil surface. Silage corn (Zea mays) was cultivated during the experimental period and soil salinity was monitored periodically. Soil salinity was significantly reduced with capillary barrier compared to that of control. Oyster shell waste was one of the most effective capillary barrier materials to control soil salinity at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land. At the first growing season capillary barrier did not influence on corn growth regardless of types of the material, but plant biomass and withering rate of corn were significantly improved with capillary barrier at the second growing season. The results of this study showed that capillary barrier was effective on the control of soil salinity and improvement of corn growth, which indicated that capillary barrier treatment can be considered one of the best management practices for stable crop production at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1081-1086
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• 2017

The present study was conducted for the purpose of analyzing the growth response of Dracaena braunii treated with chloride ions and to evaluate its salt tolerance. Distilled water (CON) was spiked with 1 (C1), 2 (C2), 5 (C5), 10 (C10) and 15 g/L (C15) $CaCl_2$, respectively. Acidity (pH) and electrical conductivity of hydroponic solution, and leaf width, leaf length, root length, number of leaves, fresh weight, dry weight and the water content of Dracaena braunii were measured. Acidity and electrical conductivity remarkably increased commensurate with increasing concentrations of $CaCl_2$. Growth in the C1 treatment was better than that in CON, whereas the C10 or C15 treatments caused either slow growth or withering of the plants. Fresh weight, dry weight and water content were significantly decreased in response to $CaCl_2$ concentration, compared with those in the control. These results showed that $CaCl_2$ concentration less than 1 g/L may be used as a hydroponic solution for D. braunii, as long as the water quality is not too saline. The chlorine ion has a negative effect on the growth.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.163-169
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the feasibility of using an infrared thermography technique for phenotype analysis of pepper seedlings exposed to a low-temperature environment. Methods: We employed an active thermography technique to evaluate the thermal response of pepper seedlings exposed to low-temperature stress. The temperatures of pepper leaves grown in low-temperature conditions ($5^{\circ}C$, relative humidity [RH] 50%) for four periods (6, 12, 24, and 48 h) were measured in the experimental setting ($23^{\circ}C$, RH 70%) as soon as pepper seedling samples were taken out from the low-temperature environment. We also assessed the visible images of pepper seedling samples that were exposed to low-temperature stress to estimate appearance changes. Results: The greatest appearance change was observed for the low-temperature stressed pepper seedlings that were exposed for 12 h, and the temperature from these pepper seedling leaves was the highest among all samples. In addition, the thermal image of low-temperature stressed pepper seedlings for 6 h exhibited the lowest temperature. Conclusions: We demonstrated that the leaf withering owing to the water deficiency that occurred under low-temperature conditions could induce an increase in temperature in plant leaves using the infrared thermography technique. These results suggested that the time-resolved and averaged thermal signals or temperatures of plants could be significantly associated with the physiological or biochemical characteristics of plants exposed to low-temperature stress.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 2021

Background: Panax ginseng, as one of the most widely used herbal medicines worldwide, has been studied comprehensively in terms of the chemical components and pharmacology. The proteins from ginseng are also of great importance for both nutrition value and the mechanism of secondary metabolites. However, the proteomic studies are less reported in the absence of the genome information. With the completion of ginseng genome sequencing, the proteome profiling has become available for the functional study of ginseng protein components. Methods: We optimized the protein extraction process systematically by using SDS-PAGE and one-dimensional liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The extracted proteins were then analyzed by two-dimensional chromatography separation and cutting-edge mass spectrometry technique. Results: A total of 2,732 and 3,608 proteins were identified from ginseng root and cauline leaf, respectively, which was the largest data set reported so far. Only around 50% protein overlapped between the cauline leaf and root tissue parts because of the function assignment for plant growing. Further gene ontology and KEGG pathway revealed the distinguish difference between ginseng root and leaf, which accounts for the photosynthesis and metabolic process. With in-deep analysis of functional proteins related to ginsenoside synthesis, we interestingly found the cytochrome P450 and UDP-glycosyltransferase expression extensively in cauline leaf but not in the root, indicating that the post glucoside synthesis of ginsenosides might be carried out when growing and then transported to the root at withering. Conclusion: The systematically proteome analysis of Panax ginseng will provide us comprehensive understanding of ginsenoside synthesis and guidance for artificial cultivation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.51-59
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• 2017

This study evaluated the drought tolerance of Liriope platyphylla F.T.Wang & T.Tang, Dendranthema zawadskii var. lucidum (Nakai) J.H.Park, Hosta longipes (Franch. & Sav.) Matsum., Sedum sarmentosum Bunge and Zoysia japonica Steud. for an extensive green roof. In order to assess drought tolerance of green roof plants, several criteria were measured such as volumetric water content, leaf and soil moisture potential, chlorophyll a and b, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and antioxidants. The results of the drought tolerance measurement of green roof plants focused on the gradually withering of plants from lack of volumetric water content. D. zawadskii was the first to show an initial wilting point, followed by Z. japonica, H. longipes and L. platyphylla in order while S. sarmentosum showed no withering. It was concluded that H. longipes, L. platyphylla and S. sarmentosum were highly drought tolerant plants able to survive over three weeks. Furthermore, chlorophyll a and b were divided into two types: Type I, which kept regular content from the beginning to the middle of the period and suddenly declined, like H. longipes and Z. japonica; and Type II, which showed low content at the beginning, sharply increased at the middle stage and decreased, like D. zawadskii, L. platyphylla and S. sarmentosum. Volumetric water content and the amount of evapotranspiration consistently declined in all plant species. The analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence results that S. sarmentosum, which had relatively high drought tolerance, was the last to decline, while Z. japonica and S. sarmentosum withered after rapid reduction. At first, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate showed high activity, but they lowered as the plant body closed stomata owing to the decrease in volumetric water content. Measuring antioxidants showed that when drought stress increased, the amount of antioxidants grew as well. However, when high moisture stress was maintained, this compound was continuously consumed. Therefore, the variation of antioxidants was considered possible for use as one of the indicators of drought tolerance evaluation.