• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2000

This experiment was carried out during the period from September, 1997 to October, 1998 to determine the effect of fermented saw-dust pig manure (FSP) application on the herbage production on a mixed pasture in the Cheju brown volcanic ash soil. Split plot design (main plot: 3 nitrogen application levels of 0, 150 and 300 kgiha; sub plot: 4 pig sawdust manure levels of 0, 3, 6 and 12 tonha) was used. Plant height and dry matter yield increased significantly with an increase of nitrogen and FSP level. There was no difference in the botanical composition of grasses as affected by FSP application level, but herbage yields of grass species were increased by nitrogen application compared to that without nitrogen application. Botanical composition of white clover decreased with an increase of nitrogen application, but increased with an increase of FSP application level. Percentages of weeds were not affected by application rates of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and swine manure in the mixed species pasture. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents of species in the pasture significantly increased with increasing application rates of nitrogen fertilizer. In conclusion, it would be an optimum to apply 150 kgha of inorganic chemical fertilizer and plus either 3 or 6 toniha of fermented swine manure with sawdust for optimum production of mixed pasture on Cheju Island. (Key words : Herbage production, Botanical composition, Morphology, Plant mineral contents)

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.161-166
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• 1971

1. 추락답(秋落畓)에 대(對)한 규산(珪酸), 질소(窒素) 및 가리(加里)의 증시효과는 현저하나 질소(窒素)는 수회(數回)로 나누어 분시(分施)하여야 한다. 2. 규산(珪酸)은 질소증시(窒素增施)의 효율을 높인다. 3. 질소(窒素)를 증시(增施)하면 주당수수(株當穗數)는 증가(增加)하나 등숙률(登熟率)이 현저히 감소(減少)된다. 질소증시(窒素增施)로 인(因)하여 감소된 등숙률(登熟率)은 가리증시(加里增施)로 높일 수 있다. 4. 규산시용(珪酸施用)은 추락도(秋落稻)의 등숙률(登熟率)과 수당립수(穗當粒數)를 증가(增加)시켰다. 5. 질소증시(窒素增施)는 식물체(植物體)의 질소함량(窒素含量)을 증가(增加)시키나 규산(珪酸) 및 가리(加里)의 함량(含量)은 감소(減少)되여 규산(珪酸)/질소(窒素) 및 가리(加里)/질소비(窒素比)가 낮아진다. 6. 추락답(秋落畓)에 질소(窒素)를 증시(增施)할 때에는 규산(珪酸) 및 가리(加里)도 함께 증시(增施)하여야 한다.

• Korean Journal of Hydrosciences
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• 제1권
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• pp.99-106
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• 1990

An extensive biological nutrient removal pilot plant study of anoxic/anaerobic/ aerobic treatment process was conducted to eastblish an optimum operational mode using primary dffluent. Two operational modes, (1) Qr/Q was 3.0 and maintaining EMLSS of 3100 mg/L in which the best operational results were obtained from previous bench scale study using synthetic wastewater (2) Qr/Q was 0.5 and EMLSS of 2200 mg/L which was compatible with the main plant, were Compared and evaluated for removal of nitrogen and/or phosphorous under field conditions. The nitrogen removal increased with increasing recycle ratios, but the phosphorous removal revealed more consistent results with 83percent removal efficiency in the second mode compared with 80 percent in the first mode. Above all, the two modes equally showed good BOD and nitrogen removals by nitrification-denitrification processes. It was also observed that no scum formed in the pilot plant and the sludge exhibited excellent settling characteristic all the time. The modified biological nutrient removal train can be adopted to the main plant without any major changes of their operational modes.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2009

The aim of the present study was to update the calibration that is used for the measurement of the total nitrogen content in the rice plant samples by using the visible and near infrared spectrum. Before the equation merge, correlation coefficient of calibration equation for nitrogen content on each rice parts was 0.945 (Leaf), 0.928 (Stem), and 0.864 (Whole plant), respectively. In the calibration models created by each part in the rice plant under the various regression method, the calibration model for the leaf was recorded with relatively high accuracy. Among of those, the calibration equation developed by Partial least squares (PLS) method was more accurate than the Multiple linear regression (MLR) method. The calibration equation was sensitive based on variety and location variations. However, we have merged and enlarged various of the samples that made not only to measure the nitrogen content more accurately, but also later sampling populations became more diversified. After merging, $R^2$ value becomes more accurate and significantly to 0.950 (L.), 0.974 (S.), 0.940 (W.). Also, after removal of outlier, R2 values increased into 0.998, 0.995, and 0.997. In view of the results so far achieved, Standard error of prediction (SEP) and SEP (C) were reduced in the stem and whole plant. Biases were reduced in the leaf, stem as well as whole plant. Slopes were high in the stem. Standard deviation reduced in the stem but $R^2$ was high in the stem and whole plant. Result was indicated that calibration equation make update, and updating robust calibration equation from merge function and multi-variate calibration.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.127-136
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• 1974

The effect of potassium metabolism on the soybean leaves was studied with comparison of other elements during the successive growing period. The results were as follows; 1. The percentage of potassium content showed remarkable increase not only in the first compound leaf at a stage which was growing vigorously and producing new leaves, but also in the fifth compound leaf at a stage which was taking a active metabolism of nitrogen and carbohydrate but not producing new leaves. However, the percentage of potassium content was decreased in the second compound leaf than in the first one. Such a result could be regarded as a potassium removal from mature leaves into immature and flowing out from stoma through respiration. During the pod-development the percentage of potassium content in the soybean leaf was decreased. 2. If nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were added excessively in the nutrient solution, the percentage of potassium content in the soybean leaf had increased. The effects of these elements showed a remakable increase in the excessive plot of nitrogen than in that of phosphorus. At early stage the redtarded effect of phosphorus on the growth of soybean could be covered by potassium, however, at late stage it could not. The growth of soybean plant was much more inhibited by potassium, compared with nitrogen and phosphorus. New leaves could not be produced in the potassium deficient soybean plant after the third compound leaf. The normal growth of soybean plant could not be observed if only one element was excessively added to the culture solution, compared with the deficiency of other two elements.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.302-307
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• 2010

Nitrogen is an element need to grow plants growth. Plants take up nitrogen in the form of nitrate or ammonium. Most of plants absorb nitrogen source as fertilizers. But from 50 to 70% of fertilizers applied were washed away. This study was conducted to isolate free-living nitrogen fixing bacteria from reed and to examine its beneficial traits for developing sustainable biofertilizers. Enriched consortium obtained from a reed in Ansan was developed for the fixing of nitrogen. Nitrogen fixing bacteria isolated from an enriched culture in Congo Red Medium was analyzed by 16s rDNA sequencing. AKC-10 was isolated and shown to have excellent nitrogen fixing ability. The optimum conditions of nitrogen fixing ability were $25^{\circ}C$ ($237.50{\pm}39.65\;nmole{\cdot}mg-protein^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$ and pH 7 ($168.335{\pm}12.84$ nmole/hr mg-protein). It was identified as Microbacterium hominis [(AKC-10 (similarity : 99%)]. This strain was had to IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) productivity and ACC(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) deaminase activity. Therefore, Microbacterium hominis AKC-10 stimulated plant development in the soil, enhancing the efficiency of remediation.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.72-79
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• 2007

Demand for low-input sustainable crop cultivation is increasing to meet the need for environment-friendly agriculture. Consequently, developing genotypes with high nutrient use efficiency is one of the major objectives of crop breeding programs. This study was conducted to identify QTLs for traits associated with physiological nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE). A recombinant inbred population (DT-RILs) between Dasanbyeo (a tongil type rice, derived from an indica ${\times}$ japonica cross and similar to indica in its genetic make-up) and TR22183 (a Chinese japonica variety) consisting of 166 $F_8$ lines was developed and used for mapping. A frame map of 1,409 cM containing 113 SSR and 103 STS markers with an average interval of 6.5 cM between adjacent marker loci was constructed using the DT-RILs. The RILs were cultivated in ordinary-N ($N-P_2O_5-K_2O=100-80-80kg/ha$) and low-N ($N-P_2O_5-K_2O=50-80-80kg/ha$) (100 kg/ha) conditions. PNUE was positively correlated with the harvest index and grain yield in both conditions. Twenty single QTLs (S-QTLs) and 58 pairs of epistatic loci (E-QTLs) were identified for the nitrogen concentration of grain, nitrogen concentration of straw, nitrogen content of shoot, harvest index, grain yield, straw yield and PNUE in both conditions. The phenotypic variance explained by these S-QTLs and E-QTLs ranged from 11.1 to 44.3% and from 16.0% to 63.6%, respectively. The total phenotypic variance explained by all the QTLs for each trait ranged from 35.8% to 71.3%, showing that the expression of PNUE and related characters depends signify- cantly upon genetic factors. Both S-QTLs and E-QTLs may be useful for marker-assisted selection (MAS) to develop higher PNUE genotypes.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.107-114
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• 1995

The raw drinking water quality is getting worse because of the winter drought and the conventional treatment system is'nt suitable to obtain the satisfied quality of water. So, the advanced water system, BAC(Biological Activated Carbon) process is said to be effective to remove dissolved organics and ammonia nitrogen. In our study, the BAC pilot plant using Nak-dong river water is tested in low temperature. Following results are found from the study. The ammonia nitrogen removal rate of BAC system using wood-based carbon (PICABIOL) was 99% in $6^{\circ}C$ temperature. Chlorine dosage in wood-based BAC effluent was reduced to 67% of that in sand filtered wate. It resulted from the removal of ammonia nitrogen. Also, THM formed by chlorine addition in wood-based BAC effluent was decreased to 65% of that in sand filtered water. In the case of dual-filter, the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen was increased 30% more than in conventional sand filter. According to this result, the ammonia nitrogen load to BAC system could be lessened by the use of dual-filter.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 1974

수도(水稻)에 대한 질소질비료(窒素質肥料)의 분시효과(分施効果)와 시용시기(施用時期)에 따른 비료(肥料)의 흡수율(吸收率)과 흡수(吸收)된 비료(肥料)의 수도체내(水稻體內)에서의 분포(分布)를 조사(調査)키 위하여 정보당(町步當) 10kg의 질소질비료(窒素質肥料)를 전양기비(全量基肥)와 생육시기(生育時期)에 따라 4회(回)에 나누어서 분시(分施)한 시험결과(試驗結果)는 다음과 같다. 사용한 질소질비료(窒素質肥料)는 중질소(重窒素)로 표식(標識)된 유산암모니아를 사용(使用)한 시험결과(試驗結果)이다. 1. 질소질비료(窒素質肥料)의 분시효과(分施效果)가 컸다. 질소전량기비구(窒素全量基肥區)의 해미(亥米) 수량(收量) 3.1 ton/ha에 대하여 분시구(分施區) 3.4 ton/ha이었고 질소결제구(窒素缺制區)는 1.9ton/ha었다. 2. 수당입수(穗當粒數)와 천입중(千粒重)은 분시구(分施區)가 높았고 주당수수(株當穗數)와 등숙비(登熟比)는 전량기비구(全量基肥區)가 높았다. 3. 기비(基肥), 1차추비(追肥), 2차추비(追肥)와 3차추비(追肥)로 시용(施用)한 질소질비료(窒素質肥料)의 흡수율(吸收率)은 각각 28%, 33%, 51%와 63%였다. 4. 경엽중(莖葉中)에 함유(含有)되었던 질소(窒素)가 출수(出穗)이후 이삭 부분으로 이동(移動)되며 지엽발생기(止葉發生期)에 시비(施肥)한 질소(窒素)가 제일 많이 이삭쪽에 분포(分布)되었다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2008

We describe plant biomass in the grasslands of the Mongolian steppe obtained using a quadrat sampling technique. Four sites were studied in the northeastern Mongolia located between $47^{\circ}12'N$ and $47^{\circ}40'N$ and $102^{\circ}22'E$ and $112^{\circ}24'E$, which were typical grasslands of the steppe. Biomass, carbon and nitrogen content were determined for the plants collected from the grazed and ungarazed stands. With the measurements above, we expect to obtain information on grazing effects on the grasslands and carbon sequestration of the grassland from the air. In order to estimate the biomass without destroying the stands, we derived an equation to describe the relationship between plant biomass and v-value using plant height and species coverage within the stand. Estimated plant biomass in the ungrazed and grazed stands ranged between $108.0\;g\;m^{-2}$ and $13.4\;g\;m^{-2}$ and between $97.5\;g\;m^{-2}$ and $14.1\;g\;m^{-2}$ in late June 2005, respectively. Litter in the ungrazed and grazed stands ranged from $330.3\;g\;m^{-2}$ to $78.4\;g\;m^{-2}$ and from $188.0\;g\;m^{-2}$ to $20.3\;g\;m^{-2}$, similarly. Average carbon and nitrogen contents in plants and in litter were 43.0% and 1.9% and 33.7% and 1.4%, respectively. In study sites at Baganuur, the carbon and nitrogen content of plant materials (plant plus litter) was $118.4\;g\;m^{-2}$ and $4.7\;g\;m^{-2}$ on 30 June 2005.