• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.37-47
• /
• 2023

The black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), is an important crop pest worldwide that feeds more than 80 plant species including cabbage, potato, maize, wheat and bean, and this moth is a typical pest attacking underground parts of crops. It has been known in farm booklets that the larvae of A. ipsilon overwinter in the soil in Korea, but no definitive data exist yet. This study was conducted to evaluate that the specific appearance time of A. ipsilon observed actually in the field could be explained when we assumed that this pest overwinters in a form of larvae or pupae. Degree day-based phenology models were applied for tracking forward or backward to find the predicted developmental stage which developed at a specific stage found in the field. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that an initial population could be established in a group that does not overwinter as larvae or pupae in Korea. In other words, the appearance of adults in early March to April could not be explained by the presence of domestic overwintering populations. Populations that overwinter as larvae or pupae in Korea were able to emerge as adults in June to July at the earliest. Therefore, the group of adults appearing in early spring is highly likely to be a population that migrated from outside Korea. Taken together, it was estimated that the colony of A. ipsilon in Korea would be formed by a mixture of a migrant population through long-distance migration and a overwintering population.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.593-602
• /
• 2022

Anthracnose, caused by the ascomycete fungus Colletotrichum scovillei, is a destructive disease in pepper. The fungus germinates and develops an infection structure called an appressorium on the plant surface. Several signaling cascades, including cAMP-mediated signaling and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, are involved in fungal development and pathogenicity in plant pathogenic fungi, but this has not been well studied in the fruit-infecting fungus C. scovillei. Ste50 is an adaptor protein interacting with multiple upstream components to activate the MAPK cascades. Here, we characterized the CsSTE50 gene of C. scovillei, a homolog of Magnaporthe oryzae MST50 that functions in MAPK cascades, by gene knockout. The knockout mutant ΔCsste50 had pleiotropic phenotypes in development and pathogenicity. Compared with the wild-type, the mutants grew faster and produced more conidia on regular agar but were more sensitive to osmotic stress. On artificial and plant surfaces, the conidia of the mutant showed significantly reduced germination and failed to form appressoria. The mutant was completely non-pathogenic on pepper fruits with or without wounds, indicating that pre-penetration and invasive growth were both defective in the mutant. Our results show that the adaptor protein CsSTE50 plays a role in vegetative growth, conidiation, germination, appressorium formation, and pathogenicity in C. scovillei.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.62-76
• /
• 2001

This study is to offer the basic information and materials for the restoration of the urban forest and the ecologically healthy and continuous green belt through the investigation and the analysis on the vegetation in Hwasan Park, Chonju-City. The flora of Hwasan Neighborhood park was composed of 86 families 230 genera, 261 species, 35 varieties, 1 formae or 298 Taxa. Among them, calculation of Pte-Q Index represented 0.60, Fisher's Index. Some characteristics of the plants in this area have represented such as Th-D1-R5 type in biological type, erect form(64.6%) in growth type, 30 taxa in naturalized plants. The life form spectra investigated from Hwasan neighborhood park was recognized as the following M"17.4%, N:11.4%, E:0.3%, Ch:0%, H:29.8%, G:6.7%, HH:0%, Th:34.2%. By the Z-M method 5 plant communities and 3 afforestation were recognized; Quercus variabilis community, Q.acutissima community, Q.serrata community, Sorbus alnifolia community, Pinus densiflora community, P.rigida afforestation, Robinia pseudo-acacia afforestation and Larix leptolepis afforestation. The actual vegetation map constructed on the grounds of the communities classified and other data. The pattern of successional trend of tree species might be suggested: L. leptoleipis, P. rigida and P. densifloralongrightarrowQ.variabilis and Q.acutissimalongrightarrowS.alnifolia and Q.serratalongrightarrowCarpinus tschonoskii community. Three measurements of species diversity (richness index(SR), Shannon-Wiener index(H'), evenness index(J')) and their relationship with community type were studied in the surveyed plant communities. Q.serrata community was higher in SR, H', J' than the other communities, whereas R.pseduo-acacia afforestation was low. Finally, The vegetation of the Hwasan neighborhood park must not allowed any more. Nothing ca be better than native states in preserving the ecosystems.tems.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.350-359
• /
• 2010

The distribution of the Mankyua chejuense was restricted to the northeast region of Jeju Island. It grows in the isolated pit crater-like swamp areas of various extent and shape, where the height is lower compared to the adjacent areas, and the adjacent regions contained a evergreen broad-leaved forests, a shrubbery, and a grassland vegetation. It contained 147 taxa of 61 families, 112 genera and 147 species in the habitats. The life form of the flora showed that the habitat of M. chejuense is different from the surrounding others, in particular, the ratio of the Therophytes and the Hydrophytes appeared highly. Preservation of habitat conditions is very important for stable maintenance the flora, and the surrounding area including habitats has to be designated a protection area for habitat preservation.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.287-295
• /
• 2017

Water temperature is one of the major factors that impacts the growth and life cycle of Pyropia tenera, one of the most valuable and cultivated marine red algae belonging to Bangiales (Rhodophytes). We analyzed transcriptome from gametophyte of P. tenera under normal and high temperature conditions, and identified four small heat shock proteins (sHSPs). They have no significant amino acid sequence homology with known proteins in public databases except PhsHSP22 from Pyropia haitanensis. PtsHSP19.3 gene responded to high temperature but slightly or not to desiccation, freezing or high salt condition. When the PtsHSP19.3 gene was overexpressed in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, transformed Chlamydomonas lines revealed much higher growth rate than that of control cells under heat stress condition. Transformed cells also grew well in those of the control cell onto the medium containing high salt or $H_2O_2$. When the PtsHSP19.3 was fused to GFP and introduced into tobacco protoplast, fluorescence was detected at several spots. Results indicate that PtsHSP19.3 may form super-molecular assembles and be involved in tolerance to heat stress.

• Plant Resources
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.110-115
• /
• 2005

Ribosomal protein complex with ribosomal RNA to form the subunits of the ribosome serve essential functions in protein synthesis. A full-length cDNA (PRPS4) encoding ribosomal protein S4 has been isolated and its nucleotide sequence determined in ginseng plant (Panax ginseng). A PRPS4 cDNA is 1105 nucleotides long and has an open reading frame of 792 bp with a deduced amino acid sequence of 264 residues (pI 10.67). The deduced amino acid sequence of PRPS4 matched to the previously reported ribosomal protein S4 genes. Their degree of amino acid identity ranged from 68 to $92\%$. Phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid residues showed that the PRPS4 grouped with ribosomal protein S4 of S. tuberosum (CAA54095).

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.407-418
• /
• 2016

In this study, the phylogenetic relationship of Korean Hydrangea was evaluated by using sequenced three chloroplast regions and ITS region, including the 7 taxa. The result of phylogenetic analysis indicated that Korean Hydrangea, 7 taxa formed the monophyletic group. This analysis also revealed that subsect. Macrophyllae of Korea was separated into two groups; H. serrata f. acuminate and H. macrophylla group. The H. serrata f. acuminta group was included with H. serrata f. buergeri and H. serrata f. fertilis. These three species form a monophyletic clade, with no significant differences between their nucleotide sequences. The H. serrata f. acuminta group showed a monophyletic group with H. serrata f. buergeri and H. serrata f. fertilis and there is significant differences between their nucleotide sequences. H. macrophylla group was an independent clade distinguished by H. serrate f. acuminate group. Subsect. Petalanthe, Heteromallae and Calyptranthae form a monophyletic group. H. petiolaris which is located in Subsect. Calyptranthae was separated into two subgroups; First subgroup: Jeju island (except for Mt. Halla) and Second subgroup: Ulleung island and Japan. Additional studies of two subgroups of H. petiolaris should be conducted a geographical study and add more samples.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2014.10a
• /
• pp.43-43
• /
• 2014

The rice blast disease caused by of Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most destructive diseases of rice. By the microarray analysis, we profiled expression changes of genes during conidiation and found out many putative genes that are up-regulated. Among those, we first selected MGG_06399 encoding a dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated protein kinase (DYRK), homologous to YAK1 in yeast. To investigate functional roles of MoYAK1, We made ${\Delta}Moyak1$ mutants by homology dependent gene replacement. The deletion mutant showed a remarkable reduction in conidiation and produced abnormally shaped conidia smaller than those of wild type. The conidia form ${\Delta}Moyak1$ were able to develop a germ tube, but failed to form apppressoria on a hydrophobic coverslip. The ${\Delta}Moyak1$ formed appressria on a hydrophobic cover slip when exogenous cAMP was induced, but the appressoria shape was abnormal. The ${\Delta}Moyak1$ also formed appressoria abberent in shape on onion epidermis and rice sheaths and failed to penetrate the surface of the plants. These data indicate that MoYAK1 is associated with cAMP/PKA pathway and important for conidiation, appressorial formation and pathogenic development in Magnaporthe oryzae. Detailed characterization of MoYAK1 will be presented.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.121-123
• /
• 2001

Gums, resins and gum-resins represent a variety of plant exudates that are highly prized and are extensively used in various industries. The usage of water soluble gums is growing at faster rate as they are excellent suspending agents, dispersants stabilizing agents, emulsifiers and gel forming agents. The gums are made up of carbohydrate polymers, composed of sugar units glycosidically condensed to form large molecules. Resins are non-volatile products, and oxidative products of terpenes or fatty acids, and are of greater commercial importance. They are soluble in water and contrasted with gums, soluble in organic solvents only.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.47-55
• /
• 1970

In order to approach a reasonable method for the indirect estimation of the productivity in terrestrial plants, allometric method was studied with herbs, such as Boenmeria frutescens and Hibiscus mutabilis, and scrubs, such as Robinia pseud oacacia and Morus alba f. Hchiroe. Allometric relations between D230H, square of the stem(or shoot) diameter(D30) on 30cm height above ground multiplied by stem length(H), and the amount of the stem(Ws), orof the leaves per stem, were fitted to each material plant with linear regression. The allometric coefficient in relation of D230H to Ws was approximated between scrubs having different life form, and the allometric function in relation of DF2 to WL was common between herbs in spite of having different growth habitat. As the allometries between D230H and Ws or WL were changeable with the seasonal change it funciton should be calculated repeatedly whenever investigating the standing crop of such community. It is able to utilize an indirect value of D30 obtained from the allometry between D30 and H because direct measurement of D30 in the field is accompanied by troublesome and waste of much time.