• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2019

Liver sausage is flavorful and highly nutritious. However, liver has a relatively short shelf life due to acceleration of oxidation in the presence of endogenous enzymes and metals. Powders derived from natural sources, including plants or fruits, are applied to meat products for inhibiting oxidation without adverse effects on their quality. Hence, this study investigated the effects of natural powders derived from green tea leaf (GTL), lotus leaf (LL), and kimchi (KC) on the quality and change in lipid oxidation and freshness of chicken liver sausages during two weeks of storage. Chicken liver sausages were manufactured with chicken breast (70%) and liver (20%), pork back fat (5%), iced water (5%), various additives, and GTL, LL, and KC [0 (control) or 1%]. They were processed in three batches. For determination of the quality characteristics of chicken liver sausages with various plant powders, pH, color, and texture properties were assessed. In addition, lipid oxidation and freshness using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) were analyzed at day 0 and week 2 of refrigerated storage. Higher values were obtained for pH and cooking yield in sausage samples with LL and KC powders than in samples with the other treatments. For a* values, the sausage samples with KC showed similar (p > 0.05) values, whilst others had significantly lower values than the control. The addition of the three powders to sausage samples induced an increase (p < 0.05) in hardness, gumminess, and chewiness. The addition of plant powders did not influence TBARS and TVBN of sausage samples at the initial stage. However, after two weeks of storage, significantly lower TBARS and TVBN values were observed, and the sausage with KC (p < 0.05) showed the lowest values of both TBARS and TVBN. The results showed the potential ability of the three powders to improve the quality and inhibit lipid oxidation in liver sausages. Particularly, the addition of KC did not adversely affect the $a^*$ values of sausage samples. The effects on sensory properties and inhibition mechanisms of GTL, LL, and KC in meat products should be further studied.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.540-551
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the effects of dried leaf powders and ethanol extracts of Perilla frutescens(perilla leaf), Artemisia princeps var. orientalis(mugwort) and Aster scaber(chamchui) on lipid metabolism and antioxidative capacity in rats. Forty-nine male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 105.9$\pm$1.7g were blocked into seven groups according to body weigth and raised for four weeks with diets containing 5% dried powders of perilla leaf, mugwort and chamchui, or ethanol extracts from the same amount of each dried leaf powder. Food intake was higher in the control and chamchui powder groups than the other remaining groups. Weight gain was not significantly different among all experimental groups. Food efficiency ratio was highest in the perilla leaf powder group. Plasma total lipid and cholesterol, liver total lipid and triglyceride levels were highest in the perilla leaf powder group. In contrast, dried powders of mugwort and chamchui showed hypolipidemic effects in plasma and liver. Plasma and liver TBARS levels in both dried powder and ethanol extract groups of the three plants were lower than control. There was also no significant difference between corresponding dried powder and ethanol extract groups. Catalas and GSH-Px activities in erythrocyte and liver were not different among all the experimental groups. However, SOD activities were significantly different among the esperimental groups. In erythrocyte. SOD activiteis of all dried powder and ethanol extract groups except the perilla leaf powder group were higher than control, and the chamchui power group showed the highest activity among them. In liver, all the plant groups showed higher SOD activities than control. There was no significant difference between corresponding dried powder and ethanol extract groups. In conclusion, the dried chamchui powder and liver. All the dried plant powder and ethanol extract were effective in decreasing the TBARS levels of liver and particularly plasma. Among the antiocidative enzymes, SOD activity was most responsive to the experimental diets. All the plant groups showed increases in liver SOD activities and there were more increments in dried powder groups. Since the effects of dried powder groups on lipid metabolism were better than those of extract groups, it is plausible that the high dietary fiber level in dried powders was effective. Antioxidative effects were not significantly different between corresponding dried power and extract groups, and it was thought that ethanol extracts from three plants also had similar antioxidative effects as dried powderers.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.12-24
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• 2023

Sitophilus oryzae L. (Rice Weevil) is a stored pest of rice that causes extensive loss throughout the world. We tested the leaf powders of 12 plant species viz., Chrysanthemum sp., Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Citrus grandis, Citrus limon, Gliricidia sepium, Gymnema sylvestre, Hemigraphis colorata, Michelia champaca, Moringa oleifera, Murraya koenigii, Polyalthia longifolia, and Sauropus androgynus at dosages of 1.00, 1.50, 2.00 and 3.00g against the adult rice weevil and mortality was recorded at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 12 and 2l days after treatment (DAT) by direct contact toxicity for their adulticidal effect. We observed 100 percent adult mortality in C. zevlanicum and M. koenigii among the tested leaf powders. In addition, the first-time tested H. colorata and S. androgynus also caused high mortality compared to other plants. All the plant powders caused moderate to high adult mortality. Hence, these plants could be effective botanical insecticides against S. oryzae as they comprise a potential source of bioactive chemicals and are generally free from toxicants. Applications of these natural derivatives in S. oryzae control could reduce the cost of control methods and storage of rice contamination. Therefore, the present study indicates that some plant extracts can be used as an alternative to toxic synthetic chemicals in the management of rice weevils.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.127-132
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• 1997

This experiment was carried out to examine the effect of various functional materials such as bioceramic podwers, crushed shells and elvanites supplemented to the each substrate on the seedlings growth of rices. The rice seedlings were grown in pots filled with substrates supplemented with bioceramic podwers, crushed shells and elvanites. The growth of rice seedlings in terms of plant height, stem diameter, root length and leaf width, plant fresh and dry weight was promoted by adding the bioceramic powders (2 to 3g/kg), crushed shells (10g/kg) or elvanites (20 to 40g/kg). Plant height was also promoted by the adding of bioceramic powder from 16 days after treatment, whereas crushed shells and elvanites from 10 days after treatment. Especially, root growth was greatly influenced by bioceramic powder, whereas the shoot growth(leaves and stem) was stimulated by the crushed shells and elvanites supplemented into each substrate. In the field, plant growth in terms of plant height, leaf length and leaf width were also influenced by crushed shells and elvanites at 74 days after treatment. The growth of rices in terms of tiller number, spikelets, panicles and spikelets/panicle was incresed by adding the crushed shells and elvanites from 100 to 200g per m2.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.38-47
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• 1986

Silkworm(Bombix mori) were reared with modified artificial diets which were mixed with, as additives, leaf powders of Erigeron canadensis L., Cassia tora L., Cyperus anuricus Var.Laxus and Vigna Sinensis NEDL. The effects of additives on silkworm characteristisc of tested plants were summarized as follows ; 1. About 2-5% addition on dry weight base of leaf powders of E. canadensis, C. tora, C. anuricus or V.sinensis to the basic artificial diet promoted feeding response and digestion and resulted in good practical silkworm characteristics. The addition of V.sinensis and C.anuricus showed especially good effects. 2. The syneristic effect between different plant species was not recognized based on the feeding response and digestion of silkworm reared with various combinations of 2-4 different plant additives. 3. Electrophoretic zymograms of estrase, protease and phosphatase on haemolymph, intestine and silkgland were significantly different among treatments. In general, 1 or 2 more electrophoretic bands were detected when feeding response and digestion were promoted. 4. Contents of starch, crude fat, crude protein and inorganic base were apparently higher in the tested plants than in mulberry leaves. However, no volatile ingredent which is directly realted with feeding response was identified.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.15 no.1 s.26
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• pp.1-6
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• 1976

his study was conducted to investigate selective toxicity of several organophosphorous and carbamic insecticides against the small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus), the white-backed planthopper (Sogatella furcifera), the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugensEugens), and the green rice leafhopper (Nephotetix cincticeps). The test insecticides were the organophosphoric insecticides, Diazinon$(34\%\; Ec.,\; 3\%\; G.),$ $MEP(Sumithion 50\%\; Ec.)$, and PAP(Elsan\; 47.5\%\; Ec.)$ and the carbamic insecticides. MPMC $(Meobal\; 50\%\;WP.)$, $BPMC(Bassa\; 50\%\; Ec.)$, and carbofuran $(Curaterr; 3\%\; G.)$. Toxicitiy for emulsion concentrates and wettable powders were evaluated by dipping method of rice seedlings in the laboratory and that for granulated insecticides evaluated by submerged application with potted plants in the greenhouse. In the test of contact toxicity by seedling dips, Diazinon MEP and PAP showed significantly low toxicity to the brown planthopper and MEP to the green rice leafhopper. In the test of submerged application, Carbofuran showed almost equal toxicity to the four species of the hoppers, but Diazinon was greatly less toxic to the brown planthopper. In general. the organophosphorous insecticides tested seemed to be selective in toxicity to the species of the hoppers, while the carbamic insecticides being less selective. The carbamic insecticides such as MPMC, BPMC and Carbofuran were almost equal in toxicity to the four species of the hoppers tested.