• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.352-356
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of Origanum majorana L. ethanol extract against food-borne pathogens. The antimicrobial activity of Origanum majorana L. extract was determined using a paper disc method. The extract exhibited growth inhibiting activities in a concentration dependent manner on 10 species microorganisms. The extract of Origanum majorana L. showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enteritidis. The growth inhibitory effects of Origanum majorana L. extract on food poisoning microorganisms were determined against Salmonella typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes, gram negative and positive bacteria, respectively. The extract of Origanum majorana L. had strong antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes at the concentration of $700 mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. At this concentration, the extract of Origanum majorana L. inhibited the growth of Salmonella typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes up to 60 and 36 hours, respectively. The results in the present study demonstrate antimicrobial effects of Origanum majorana L. ethanol extract against food-borne pathogens, suggesting that Origanum majorana L. could be an effective natural antibacterial agent in food.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.227-232
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• 2010

Toxicity of seven environment friendly agricultural materials (EFAM), which have been used in the domestic market were evaluated on honeybee (Apis mellifera) and asian multicolored ladybird beetle (Harmonia axyridis). Three EFAMs made from plant extract agents (Wangjoongwang Eco, Bogum Eco and Bestop Eco) and four EFAMs made from microbial utilizing agents (Worldstar Eco, Goodmorning, Bluechip and Cameleon) were investigated as EFAMs. In evaluation of toxicity on honeybee, the $RT_{25}$ values of 3 EFAMs made from plant extract agents ranged from 1 to 3 days. Therefore, honeybee should be released 1-3 days after application of these EFAMs. Meanwhile, the four agricultural materials made from microbial utilizing agents did not show any mortality against honeybee. In evaluating the toxicity to adult and larva ladybird beetles, all seven EFAMs made from plant extract agents and microbial utilizing agents to show any mortality.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.173-178
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• 2017

We investigated the efficacy of single compound of plant extract in coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection. CVB3 is a main cause of Hand-foot-mouth diseases (HFMD) and viral myocarditis in children and adult. Several single compounds of plant extract were purified by HPLC and tested as antiviral drug candidate. Among them, kaempferol was selected to effective anti-enterovirus compound by HeLa cells survival assay. CVB3 infected HeLa cells were treated with kaempferol ($100{\mu}g/ml-100ng/ml$) and their antiviral effect was confirmed. After 16 hours of treatment, HeLa cells were lysed and proteins were extracted for western blot analysis. CVB3 viral capsid protein VP1 production and transcription factor eIF4G-1 cleavage was significantly decreased in $100{\mu}g/ml$ kaempferol treatment. Virus replication was observed by virus RNA amplification. Kaempferol strongly reduced virus positive and negative strand RNA amplification. Moreover, MAPK signal induced by CVB3 infection, pERK and pmTOR, kaempferol treatment significantly inhibited the activity. Plant extract single compound, kaempferol, is a strong candidate to be developed non-toxic anti-enterovirus treatment agent.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.453-460
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• 2008

In the course of in vitro and in vivo screening for bioherbicidal agents, a hyphomycete fungus, Myrothecium sp. F0252 was selected as a candidate for the biocontrol of weeds. The isolate was identified as Myrothecium roridum Tode ex. Fries based on the morphological characteristics and 18S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis and registered as Myrothecium roridum F0252. In order to evaluate the in vitro effect of M. roridum F0252 on germination of ladino clover and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) seeds, spore solution of the fungus was employed in two concentrations, $6.5{\times}10^6$ and $2.5{\times}10^7$ spores per mL and then inoculated to the seeds. The fungal spores inhibited the seed germination, infected the seedlings, and caused an abnormal withering and inhibition of seedling growth. In addition, when the herbicidal activity of crude ethyl acetate extract from the liquid culture was assessed on a mini-plant, duck-weed (Lemna paucicostata (L.) Hegelm.), the extract showed high inhibitory effect at the level of $12.5{\mu}g$ per mL. On the other hand, in vivo herbicidal activity of M. roridum F0252 was evaluated by a whole plant spray method. M. roridum F0252 exhibited strong and broad-spectrum herbicidal activity. The herbicidal values ranged from 95-100% against 7 weeds, including Abutilon avicennae and Xanthium strumarium, and 70-80% against Digitaria sanguinalis and Sagittaria pygmaea. When the nutritional utilization (95 carbon sources) pattern of M. roridum F0252 was investigated, it varied with water activity ($a_w$) and temperature conditions, supplying good, basic information in regard to nutritional utilization for proper cultivation and formulation. Our results showed that M. roridum F0252 might be used as a potential biocontrol agent against weedy plants.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2008

The plant Eclipta prostrata, a member of the Compositae family, has folkloric reputation of being used as a medicinal agent in Bangladesh. In the present investigation, attempt was taken to explore the antimicrobial potency and cytotoxicity of its extractives and purified compounds. The methanolic extract of the whole plant, its n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, aqueous soluble fractions and two purified compounds, eclalbasaponin I (1) and II (2), obtained from Eclipta prostrata were subjected to screening for inhibition of microbial growth by the disc diffusion method at 300 and 100 ${\mu}g$/disc for extracts and pure compounds, respectively. In this case, the carbon tetrachloride and chloroform soluble fractions of the methanolic extract appeared very potent in terms of both zone of inhibition and spectrum of activity. However, all the extractives were also subjected to brine shrimp lethality bioassay for preliminary cytotoxicity evaluation. Here, the carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction of methanolic extract revealed the strongest cytotoxicity having $LC_{50}$ of 1.318 ${\mu}g$/ml.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.90-98
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• 2022

This study was performed to determine the optimal ratio for preparing an extract comprising the Ecklonia cava and Hizikia fusiformis complex as a therapeutic material for alleviating inflammatory respiratory diseases. First, to examine the optimal ratio for preparing the complex (SD-EH), Ecklonia cava and Hizikia fusiformis extracts were used; four extracts with different mixing ratios were prepared. The effects of the SD-EH extract on MUC5AC mRNA expression in PMA-treated NCI-H292 cells were analyzed; it was confirmed that the MUC5AC expression was significantly reduced after treatment with the SD-EHA-001 (E(100) : H(0)), SD-EHB-001 (E(90) : H(10)), SD-EHC-001 (E(80) : H(20)), and SD-EHD-001 (E(70) : H(30)) extracts. Western blotting was used to determine whether the SD-EH extract affects the expression levels of COX-2 and MMP-9 in PMA-treated A549 cells. The protein expression levels of COX-2 and MMP-9 were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in the cells treated with the SD-EHC-001 (E(80):H(20)), SD-EHD-001 (E(70) : H(30)), and SD-EHE-001 (E(60) : H(40) extracts than in the cells treated with PMA alone. The SD-EHC-001 (E(80) : H(20)) extract markedly downregulated the expression levels of MUC5AC, COX-2, and MMP-9. Therefore, the SE-EH extract may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for treating inflammatory respiratory diseases.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.704-712
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• 2022

Research on whitening materials using natural alternatives is actively being conducted. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro inhibitory effects of Ranunculus chinensis Bunge (RCB) on melanogenesis and associated enzymes, such as tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2 in B16F10 murine melanoma cells. We found that RCB extract significantly attenuated melanin synthesis and reduced the activity of intracellular tyrosinase, a rate-limiting melanogenic enzyme. Western blot analysis showed that RCB extract decreased the protein expression of tyrosinase and TRP-1. In addition, it significantly decreased the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a key regulator of melanogenesis. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation has been reported to be involved in the inhibition of melanogenesis. Thus, we investigated whether the hypopigmentary effects of RCB extract were related to the activation of ERK. RCB extract induced ERK phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, it markedly inhibited body pigmentation in a zebrafish model. Our results suggest that RCB extract inhibits melanogenesis by activating ERK pathway-mediated suppression of MITF and its downstream target genes, including tyrosinase. Therefore, RCB extract can be used as a whitening agent in the development of functional cosmetics.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.39-39
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate vasodilatation effect of complex saponin separated from Scrophulariae radix, Asparagus cochinchinensis and Liriope platyphylla mixture extract on rabbit carotid artery. In this study, to determine vasodilatation effect of complex saponin separated from Scrophulariae radix, Asparagus cochinchinensis and Liriope platyphylla mixture extract on rabbit carotid artery, arterial rings with intact or damaged endothelium were used for experiment using organ bath, and were contracted by endothelin. complex saponin, major active constituents of Scrophulariae radix, Asparagus cochinchinensis and Liriope platyphylla mixture extract, showed a moderate vasodilatation effect on the basilar arteries of rabbits. Therefore, treatment with complex saponin separated from Scrophulariae radix, Asparagus cochinchinensis and Liriope platyphylla mixture extract may selectively accelerate cerebral blood flow through dilatation of the basilar artery. Theseis result suggest a potential role of complex saponin separated from Scrophulariae radix, Asparagus cochinchinensis and Liriope platyphylla mixture extract as source of vasodilatation agent.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.295-297
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• 1991

E. creticum has been used in folk medicine in Jordan as a remedy for scorpion stings in the rural areas and as a hypoglycemic agent. The hypoglycemic activity of an aquous decoction of plant arial parts of E. creticum was tested in normoglycemic and streptozocin-hyperglycemic rats. Results indicate that those extract caused significant reductions in blood glucose concentration when given orally.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.601-610
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• 2003

Biotin is a water-soluble vitamin used as a skin conditioning agent and promotes the formation of intercellular lipid layers through increased lipid synthesis, which improves the skin's natural barrier function. The anti-inflammatory effects of biotin have been investigated using in vitro assay models, such as MTT assay, measurements of concentrations of nitric oxide(NO), prostaglandin E2(PGE$_2$), and inhibition rate of 5-lipoxygenase(5-LOX). In comparison with biotin, other plant extracts were tested at the same time which were kudzu vine extract, sage extract, paeonia extract, and dipotassium glycyrrhetinate. Nitric oxide is a signal molecule with functions such as neurotransmission, local vascular relaxation, and anti-inflammation in many physiological and pathological processes. NO can cause apoptosis and necrosis of target cells such as keratinocytes and is generated from L-arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Prostanoids, including prostaglandins and thromboxanes, are generated by the phospholipase $A_2$/cyclooxygenase(COX) pathway, and leukotrienes are generated by the 5-lipoxygenase pathway from arachidonic acid. Prostaglandin E2 recently have been shown to be beneficial in the resolution of tissue injury and inflammation, also has been implicated as an immunosuppressive agent and plasma levels of PGE$_2$ are elevated in patients sustaining thermal injury. Lipoxygenase metabolites from arachidonic acid have been implicated in inflammation, anti-inflammatory activity of the raw materials was evaluated in vitro by the offered inhibition of lipoxygenase.