• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.77-83
• /
• 2001

본 조사는 우리나라 율무 주산지역인 연천지역의 율무재배 농가의 일반사항, 경종개요, 생육 특성 및 조곡 수량, 수확후 토양 성분 등을 조사하여 율무 재배법 개선을 위한 기초자료로 활용하기 위해 수행되었다. 율무 재배 농가의 연령은 51세 이상으로 고령화되어 있었고 재배 면적은 작았다. 대부분의 농가는 자가 노동력에 의한 영세농이었으며 종자는 자가 채종하여 사용하고 있었다. 파종방법은 발뒤굼치를 사용하는 점파가 주종을 이루었고, 재식밀도는 10a 당 2000-3500 주가 64%이었고, 시비량은 농가별로 차이가 많았다. 병해충 방제 횟수는 적은 편이었다. 조사 농가의 평균 초장, 주간절수, 주간직경, 개체당 분얼경수, 천립중, 종피경도 및 조곡 수량은 각각 184 cm, 10, 10 mm, 14.4, 108 g, 3.22 g/$cm^3$, 및 341 kg/10a 이었다. 조사농가의 수확직후 토양의 pH, 유기물 함량, 유효인산 함량, 칼리 및 전기전도도는 평균적으로 각각 5.8, 0.11 g/kg, 385 mg/kg, 0.48 cmol+kg 및 0.21 dS/m이었다. 종피경도와 조곡수량은 P=0.01 수준에서 (-0.7442) 높은 부의 상관관계를 나타냈다.

• 식물분류학회지
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.163-177
• /
• 2008

마타리족(Patrinieae $H{\ddot{o}}ck$, Valerianaceae)에 속하는 마타리속과 Nardostachys속의 17분류군(14종과 추가된 2아종, 1변종)의 화분을 광학현미경과 주사전자현미경, 그리고 투과전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 화분의 크기는 주로 중립($37.41{\times}43.60{\mu}m$ - $45.65{\times}48.50{\mu}m$)에서 대립($54.88{\times}59.41{\mu}m$ - $61.70{\times}71.00{\mu}m$)까지 나타나고, 발아구는 3구형이며 드물게 4구형이다. 화분립 발아구의 가장자리에는 'halo'라는 마타리과 화분에서 나타나는 공통적인 형질을 갖고 있으며, 화분립의 모양은 적도면에서 단구형에서 약장구형이고, 극축면은 3갈래로 갈라지거나 원형이다. 마타리족의 화분은 표면무늬에 따라서 크게 두가지 유형으로 구별되어진다; (1) Type I: 과립상돌기(verrucae)가 약간 발달하거나 거의 없고, 자상돌기(echinae)가 과립상돌기 위에 발달하며 미세자상돌기(microehinae)가 산재한 형태(Nardostachys속, 마타리속의 Paleopatrinia절, Monanadropatrinia절), (2) Type II: 과립상 돌기가 잘 발달하고, 자상돌기가 과립상돌기 위에 매우 크게 발달하며 미세자상돌기가 조밀하게 화분표면을 덮고 있는 형태(마타리속의 Centrotrinia절). 투과전자현미경을 이용한 연구에서 원주층은 기저층으로부터 과립상돌기로 연결되고, 표벽의 두께는 극과 적도에서 동일하다. 본 연구결과를 통해 마타리족의 분류체계가 검토되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.465-474
• /
• 1996

중금속가운데 필수 미량 원소인 동을 볍씨에 처리한 후 식물생장조정제인 kinetin을 침종 처리하여 발아중 동 독성에 대한 벼의 생육 특성, 붕소의 활성, 발아율 향상과 중금속 장해의 경감을 위하여 몇 가지 실험을 수행하여 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 동독성 경감을 위한 농도별 klnetin처리에 따른 생육은 일품벼, 향미벼 001 모두 초장은 kinetin l0$^{-3}$M 처리가 무처리와 동 60ppm 처리에 비해 생육이 양호하였고 뿌리의 생장도 우세하였다. 2. 엽록소 함량은 두 품종 모두 동 60ppm 처리보다 무처리가 높았으며, kinetln 처리에서는 kinetin l0$^{-3}$M, kinetin l0$^{-4}$ M, kinetin l0$^{-5}$M의 처리 순으로 낮은 함량을 나타내었다. 3. Kinetin처리농도에 대한 식물체 부위별 동의축적량은 kinetin의 농도가 낮을수록 증가하는 경향이었으며, 동 60ppm처리에서 동 함량은 일품벼는 잎에서 1,797n 종자에서 1,340ng이었고 향미벼 001에서는 잎과종자에서 동 함량이 각각 1,590ng, 1,260ng으로 일품벼가 더 높았다. 4. 동 60ppm처리에 따른 품종간 단백질 밴드의 패턴은 발아 후 3일째 두 품종 모두 35, 40kDa.부위에서 다소 약한 밴드가 보였으며 일품벼의 경우 발아후 kinetin l0$^{-3}$M 처리에서 54.4 kDa에 새로운 단백질 밴드가 나타났다. 5. 동 처리에 따른 발아일수별 SOD활성도는 일품벼의 경우 무처리에서는 차이를 보이지 않았으나 동 60ppm처리에서 발아 후 3일째 1,299EU로 가장 높은 활성도를 보이다가 발아 후 5일째부터 점차 감소하였으며, 향미벼 001에서는 발아 후 3일째 동 60ppm 처리에서 1,260 EU의 활성도를 나타내다가 발아 후 5일 째부터 감소하는 경향이었으며, kinetin l0$^{-3}$M 처리에서는 가장 낮은 활성을 보여 어느 정도 동 stress 경감의 효과가 인정되었다. 6. 유리 proline함량은 품종간 차이를 보이지 않았으나 SOD 활성과 마찬가지로 발아 후 3일 째 동 60ppm 처리에서 큰 차이를 보였지만, 발아일수가 경과할수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
• /
• pp.127-127
• /
• 2017

Aluminum is the most abundant metallic element in the Earth's crust and considered as the most limiting factor for plant productivity in acidic soils. The inhibition of root growth is recognized as the primary effect of Al toxicity. Seeds of wheat cv. Keumkang (Korean cultivar) were germinated on petridish for 5 days and then transferred hydroponic apparatus which was treated with $0{\mu}M$ $AlCl_3$ (control), $100{\mu}M$ $AlCl_3$ and $150{\mu}M$ $AlCl_3$ for 5 days. The length of roots, shoots and fresh weight of wheat seedlings were decreased under aluminum stress. The concentrations of $K^+$, $Mg^{2+}$ and $Ac^{2+}$ were decreased whereas $Al^{3+}$ and $P_2O_5{^-}$ concentration was increased under aluminum stress. Using confocal microscopy, the fluorescence intensity of aluminum was increased with morin staining. In this study, a proteome analysis was performed to identify proteins, which is responsible to aluminum stress in wheat roots. In 10-day-old seedlings, proteins were extracted from roots and separated by 2-DE, stained by CBB. Using image analysis, a total of 47 differentially expressed protein spots were selected, whereas 19 protein spots were significantly up-regulated such as s-adenosylmethionine, oxalate oxidase, malate dehydrogenase, cysteine synthase, ascorbate peroxidase and 28 protein spots were significantly down-regulated such as heat shock protein 70, o-methytransferase 4, enolase, amylogenin by aluminum stress following protein spots analyzed by LTQ-FTICR mass spectrometry. The results provide the global picture of Al toxicity-induced alterations of protein profiles in wheat roots, and identify the Al toxicity-responsive proteins related to various biological processes that may provide some novel clues about plant Al tolerance.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.237-242
• /
• 2002

It was found that the purified extract from A. gigas Nakai (polysaccharide, M.W., 25 kD) controled differentiating human ES cells. Its optimal supplementation concentration was decided as 0.8 $({\mu}g/ml)$ to efficiently control the differentiation. It also enhanced the cell growth, compared to the control. However, most widely used and commercially available differentiating agent, Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) negatively affected on the cell growth even though it controls the differentiation of ES cells, down to 40-50 % based on morphological observation and telomerase activity. It was presumed that the extract first affected on cell membrane and resulted in controlling signal system, then amplify gene expression of telomere, which enhanced the telomerase activity up to three times compared to the control. LIF only increased the enzyme activity up to two times. It was confirmed that the extract from A. gigas Nakai could be used for substituting currently used differentiation controlling agent, LIF from animal resources as a cheap plant resource and not affecting the cell growth. It can broaden the application of the plants not only to functional foods and their substitutes but also to fine chemicals and most cutting-edge biopharmaceutical medicine.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.367-372
• /
• 2008

This study configured the conventional $A^2O$ (Anaerobic-Anoxic-Aerobic bioreactor) system which the fixed media immersed into the anoxic reactor(Named PFR system : Plug Flow Reactor) for evaluating the removal efficiency of nitrogen in the wastewater. The experimental equipment was a cylinder which was consist of 4 pleated PE Pipes(Length 330M, Diameter 100mm) including 2 rope shape media. As a result, the average effluent T-N removal efficiency of the conventional $A^2O$ system was 17.9, 40.3, 50.6, 44.6% in each mode, but the average effluent T-N removal efficiency of the PFR system could achieve 38.8, 57.1, 71.8, 65.4% in each mode. It indicated that the PFR system caused to the increasing of C/N ratio that effected to the increasing of the denitrification efficiency. Not only the effective T-N removal efficiency but also the controllable install space will give advantages for retrofitting of the wastewater treatment plant with the conventional treatment system to the PFR system.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.144-149
• /
• 2008

Shoot weight of Orostachys japonicus should determine its profitability. The study was done to determine the effect of phosphorus and potassium fertilization (0, 5, 10, 20 kg $P_2O_5$ or $K_2O$ /1000 $m^2$) on its growth, morphological characters, and flowering. Night-break treatment of 2 hours at midnight were done since Aug. 25 when afterward samples were taken every 4 weeks to Nov. 16. Growth, morphological and flowering related characters were measured from each sample. Plant height, inflorescence length, number of leaves including bracts and stem diameter were increased with increased P and K levels. Leaf and bract, floret, shoot and total dry weights showed similar response to the above morphological characters although P fertilization more increased them than K fertilization. Florets were more formed with increased P and K levels but were not flowered due to the night-break treatment, meaning that P and K fertilization had little effect on anthesis of the florets formed.

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.265-273
• /
• 2017

Objective: Orthosiphon pallidus (O. pallidus), which belongs to the Lamiaceae family, is a popular garden plant that is widely used for the treatment of various diseases, such as urinary lithiasis, fever, hepatitis, cancer and jaundice. The objective of the present work was to investigate the antioxidant free-radical scavenging and the anticancer activities of O. pallidus against human breast-cancer cell lines. Methods: The antioxidant activity of Orthosiphon pallidus aqueous extract (OPAE) was investigated using different models, such as the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the 2, 2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) models, as were the $Fe^+$ chelation, the hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical scavenging, and total reducing power activities. The anticancer activities of the extract were determined by using the 3-(4, 5- dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and the sulforhodamine (SRB) assays on the MCF-7 and the MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines. Results: The aqueous Orthosiphon pallidus extract showed potent activity in in-vitro models. It significantly inhibited the scavenging of hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, but induced a remarkable $Fe^+$ chelation activity. For both cell lines, the percent cytotoxicity was found to increase steadily with increasing OPAE concentration up to $240{\mu}g/mL$. Conclusion: These results suggest that Orthosiphon pallidus has excellent antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities against human breast-cancer cell lines.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제27권6호
• /
• pp.1761-1769
• /
• 2018

Enzyme-assisted extraction is a cost-effective, safe, and efficient method to obtain bioactives from plant materials. During this study, 10 different marine algae from Sri Lanka were individually extracted by using five commercial food-grade carbohydrases. The enzymatic and water extracts of the seaweeds were analyzed for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The highest DPPH, hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) and intracellular $H_2O_2$ scavenging abilities were observed from the Celluclast extract of Sargassum polycystum (CSp). CSp exerted protective effects against oxidative stress-induced cell death in hydrogen peroxide-induced Chang cells and in model zebrafish. The Celluclast extract of Chnoospora minima (CCm) showed the strongest anti-inflammatory activity against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages ($IC_{50}=44.47{\mu}g/mL$) and in model zebrafish. CCm inhibited the levels of iNOS, COX-2, $PGE_2$, and TNF-${\alpha}$ in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Hence, CSp and CCm could be utilized in developing functional ingredients for foods, and cosmeceuticals.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제49권2호
• /
• pp.105-109
• /
• 2004

Field studies were conducted in the southeastern Korea ($36^{\circ}$N) on a commerce silt loam soil at paddy field. Seed were manually planted on 16 July 2003. Plants were planted with plant densities of 70${\times}$10 cm (row width x plant spacing), 50 x 10 cm, and 30 ${\times}$10 cm. Two seedlings per hill were taken prior to V3 stage. Fertilizer was applied prior to plant at a rate of 30-30-34 kg (N-$\textrm{P}_2\textrm{O}_5$-$\textrm{K}_2\textrm{O}$) per ha. Experimental design was a randomized complete block in a split plot arrangement with three replications. Yield from different planting densities responded similarly in three soybean cultivars and increased when planting density increased. Somyeongkong showed the highest increasing rate of yield about 26% by 338 g $\textrm{m}^{-2}$ at 30 x l0 cm compared to yield of conventional planting density (70 x 10 cm). Also, the planting density significantly affected pod and seed number and seed weight, but not seed per pod. The tallest plant appeared at 30${\times}$10 cm. The change of leaf area according to days after emergence showed differently in soybean cultivars. The highest and lowest total dry matter production per square meter appeared at 30 x 10 cm and at 70 x 10 cm, respectively. Crop growth rate (CGR) showed greater at R3∼R4 stages compared with V7∼R2 or R2∼R3 growth stages and showed the greatest at 30 x 10 cm in three soybean cultivars. As late planted soybean, there was a significant relation between seed yield and CGR, and leaf area index (LAI) according to planting densities at before and after the flowering stage. Relationship between seed yield and CGR in three planting densities showed a highly significant positive relation ($\textrm{R}^2$=0.757) at R3 to R4 stages, and significant relations ($\textrm{R}^2$=0.505, 0.617) at V7 to R2 and V2 to V3. Also, there was a highly significant positive difference between seed yield and LAI during R3 to R4 and R2 to R3 stages.