• 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물학회 2002년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.100-105
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• 2002

The diversity of epiphytic bacterial communities on deciduous oak tree (Quercus dentate Thunb.) leaves was examined both in the natural forest area with a clean air and in the industrial estate to assess effects of acidic deposition to the phyllosphere using 16S rDNA sequence data. In addition, acid-tolerant epiphytic bacterial communities were compared. A total of 78 epiphytic and 444 acid-tolerant clones were obtained from clone libraries, resulting in 20 and 17 phylotypes by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for PCR-amplified 16S rDNA products. A low bacterial diversity in both areas was found. As tree leaves grow older, bacterial diversities were slightly increased in the level of subphylum. The community structure of epiphytic bacteria in both areas in April consisted of only two subphyla, $\beta-and\;\gamma-Proteobacteria$. In August two additional subphyla in both areas were found, but the composition was a little different, Acidobacteria and Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroids (CFB) group in the industrial estate and a -Proteobacteria and CFB group in the natural area, respectively. Acidobacteria could be an indicator of epiphytic bacteria for acidic deposition on plant leaves, whereas a -Proteobacteria be one of epiphytic bacteria that naturally survive on leaves that are not affected by acidic deposition. The acid-tolerant bacterial communities in April were composed of two subphyla, $\gamma-Proteobacteria$ and Low G+C gram-positive bacteria in both areas, and in August a-Proteobacteria was added to the community just in the natural forest area. The direct influence of acidic deposition on the acid-tolerant bacterial phylogenetic composition could not be detected in higher taxonomic levels such as subphylum, but at narrower or finer levels it could be observed by a detection of Xanthomonadales group of $\gamma-Proteobacteria$ just in the industrial estate.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1986

Nowadays, air pollution by increasing consumption of fossil fuels resulting from rapidly growing population and industrialization has caused the adverse effects on terrestrial ecosystems and become one of the most serious problems causing environmental discriptions. Air pollution such as $SO_2, HF, NO_X,$ fly ash, ozone and PAN might influence plant growth, reproduction, nutrient cycling, photosynthesis and predisposition to entomological and pathological stresses on plants. Furthermore, accumulation of those toxic substances in forests might cause subtle or serious changes in the structure and function of forest ecosystems. Since 1970s, a number of large industrial complexes had been constructed as a part of industrialization plan in Korea. Accordingly, the forest exosystems around them has been under chronic influences of air pollution and effects of air pollution on plants became a matter of concern. In Yocheon Industrial Complex which consisted of lots of petrochemical plants and a phosphatic fertilizer manufacturing plant, forests has been exposed to chronic air pollution, mainly HF and $SO_2$ gas, Various reports were available to investigate the potential effects of air pollution on crops and forest trees in Yocheon. Kim and Kim surveyed vegetation by naked eye method and reported 71 families, 150 genera and 158 species were growing within a 2 km from air pollution sources in 1981. Needle injuries on Pinus spp. in the polluted area water reported by Kim, et al. and Kim, et al. Kim, et al. investigated the primary production of Pinus thunbergii forests in the polluted area and verified that growth inhibition of Pinus thunbergii was attributable to air pollution. Thus, previous reports suggested that forest ecosystems around Yocheon Industrial Complex were influenced adversely by air pollution. The objective of this study was to investigate the subtle ecological changes in forest community exposed to chronic air pollution in Yocheon.

• 환경생물
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.341-352
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• 2009

본 연구는 월성 원자력발전소 주변해역에 서식하는 대형저서동물의 출현 종수, 생물량 및 군집구조를 파악하기 위하여 2007년 10월부터 2008년 7월까지 계절별로 현장조사를 실시하였다. 총 163종의 대형저서동물이 출현하였고, 단위면적당 ($m^2$) 개체수와 생체량은 각각 1,005개체와 21.81 gWWt이었다. 출현 개체수의 자료를 기초로 LeBris index (1988)를 이용하여 상위 10위까지의 우점종을 선정하였다. 개체수에 근거한 상위 10위 우점종들은 전체 출현 밀도의 69.00%를 점유하였고, 중요 우점종은 다모류의 민얼굴갯지렁이(Spiophanes bombyx), Mediomastus californiensis, 투구갯지렁이(Sigambra tentaculata), 양손갯지렁이(Magelona japonica), 긴자락송곳갯지렁이(Scoletoma longifolia) 및 절지동물문 갑각류의 미동정 옆새우류(Amphipoda spp.) 등이었다. 출현 종의 개체수 자료를 기초로 다변량분석(집괴분석과 다차원배열법)을 실시한 결과, 크게 2개의 주정점군을 포함하여 1개의 소정점군(추계의 정점 9와 동계의 정점 3) 및 3개의 개별 정점(춘계의 정점 4 및 하계의 정점 6과 9)으로 구분되었다. 이 중 다수의 정점들이 포함된 주정점군 1은 모래함량이 우세한 정점들로, 주정점군 2는 펄함량이 상대적으로 높은 환경적 특성을 나타내었다. 특히 모래 함량이 높은 정점군에서는 다모류의 Protodorvillea egena와 이매패류의 개량조개(Mactra chinensis)와 꼬마보라 맛조개(Siliqua pulchella)가 우점한 반면, 펄함량이 많은 정점군에서는 다모류의 M. californiensis, 양손갯지렁이, 오뚜기갯지렁이 (Sternaspis scutata), 긴자락송곳갯지렁이와 이매패류의 말발조개(Thyasira tokunagai)와 아기반 투명조개(Theora fragilis)의 밀도가 높았다. 본 연구해역에 출현한 대형저서동물 군집의 서식기질, 수심 및 온배수 배출에 따른 개체수의 차이유무를 파악하기 위하여 일원일차분산분석을 실시한 결과, 본 연구해역의 대형저서동물 군집은 상기의 무기 환경요인에 대하여 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05).

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.346-352
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• 2009

본 연구는 해식애 식생구조의 기초자료로 제공하기 위하여 배열법으로 갯기름나물군락과 동반출현하여 혼생하는 주요 식물의 지형적 분포 및 생육 양상을 분석하였다. 해식애의 갯기름나물군락에서 10% 이상의 출현빈도를 나타내는 혼생식물은 26종이었으며, 출현 빈도가 가장 높은 식물은 해국(55.7%)이었다. 갯기름나물군락의 혼생식물은 내륙육지 방향, 해안선방향, 평탄면, 사면 등의 지형요인별 분포 및 생육 양상을 달러하였다. 그리고 분포 및 생육 양상은 모든 지형요인에서 차이가 없이 고르게 분포하는 전형적 형태, 1개의 지형요인에서 양호한 분포를 나타내는 일방적 형태, 2개 또는 그 이상의 지형요인에서 양호한 분포를 보이는 복합적 형태로 구분되었다. 사철쑥과 땅채송화 등은 전형적 형태, 갯보리와 쑥 등은 일방적 형태의 분포 및 생육 양상을 나타내었고, 해국억새 갯메꽃 갯까치수영 등 16종(전체 혼생식물의 61.5%)의 식물이 복합적 형태로 갯기름나물과 혼생하여 양호한 생육을 보였다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.117-128
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• 2019

Background: Cliffs are a major plant habitat around the coastal area, but in contrast to sand dunes and salt marshes, they have been little investigated in Korea. There are simple descriptions of cliff vegetation in studies on island vegetation, but there is no published paper, which addressed sea cliff vegetation synthetically. Furthermore, the coastal area where this study was carried out was designated as a conservation reserve. Even though, this area is exposed to intense recreational use such as trekking in these days. This study aims to clarify spatial distribution and structure of vegetation along the environmental gradient on coastal cliff and plateau in the Janggi peninsula (Homigot) located on southeastern Korea. Further, this study has also another objective to prepare a restoration plan to protect this conservation reserve from intense human disturbance. Results: Landscape elements were arranged in the order of sea cliff risen directly on the sea, seashore, coastal cliff, and plateau covered with relatively deep soil in a coastal area of the Janggi peninsula (Homigot), southeastern Korea. Vegetation was sampled at 59 plots arranged from the sea cliff through the seashore and coastal cliff to plateau. The sea cliff, seashore, and coastal cliff, which compose the coastal landscape, were dominated by the seashore spatulate aster (Aster spathulifolius Maxim.) community, dwarf sand sedge (Carex pumila Thunb.) community, and seashore spatulate aster (Aster spathulifolius Maxim.) community. On the plateau corresponding to the ridge of the coastal cliff, black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) community, golden rain tree (Koelreuteria paniculata Laxmann) community, east Asian hackberry (Celtis sinensis Pers.) community, sawleaf zelkova (Zelkova serrata Makino) community, and Korean oak (Quercus dentata Thunb.) community were established in the mentioned order along distance from the sea. Stand ordination showed a vegetation sequence from the seashore through the cliff to the plateau, consistent in its overall pattern among sites. This was dominated by topography. There is evidence for the importance also of salinity, drought and of soil depth. Conclusion: The lack of scientific interest in cliffs to date is in striking contrast to the commonness of cliffs around the whole national territory and to the attraction cliffs have had for humans throughout history. Cliffs provide a unique habitat, rarely investigated from an ecological viewpoint. Cliffs may represent an invaluable type of ecosystem, consisting of some of the least disturbed habitats on earth and contributing more to the biodiversity of a region than their surface coverage would indicate. Although this coastal area where this study was carried out was designated as a conservation reserve, this area is in danger of severe disturbance due to excessive recreational use. We recommended a restoration plan to protect this area from such a disturbance.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.934-940
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• 2012

본 연구는 경주국립공원 토함산지구 무장사지계곡의 서어나무 출현지역을 대상으로 서어나무군락의 식생구조를 밝히고 천이 극상림으로서 군락의 유지가능성을 살펴보고자 서어나무가 출현하는 지역에 한해서 서어나무의 우점도를 고려하여 $10m{\times}10m(100m^2)$ 조사구 16개소를 설치하여 조사하였다. TWINSPAN에 의한 군락분류 결과 5개 군락으로 유형화되었는데, 아우점종의 종구성에 다소 차이가 있는 서어나무군락이 3개 유형이었으며 졸참나무군락, 졸참나무-서어나무군락이 각각 1개 유형이었다. 서어나무군락은 호습성 낙엽활엽수가 함께 나타나는 군락과 졸참나무가 함께 나타나는 군락, 여타의 낙엽활엽수가 함께 나타나는 군락으로 구분할 수 있었다. 종다양도지수는 0.4899~0.9490으로 나타났다. 군락별로 살펴보면 서어나무가 우점하는 군락은 서어나무군락으로의 지속이 예측되었으나, 서어나무와 졸참나무가 경쟁하고 있는 군락의 경우에는 서어나무의 세력이 현 상태를 유지하거나 축소될 것으로 판단되었다. 본 연구결과 우리나라 온대중부지방에서 서어나무림을 극상림으로 판단하기 위해서는 보다 많은 조사자료의 분석이 필요한 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.237-249
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• 2011

Land-use changes due to the socio-economic environment influence landscape patterns and processes, which affect habitats and biodiversity. This study considers the effects of such land-use changes, particularly on the traditional rural "Maeul" forested landscape, by analyzing landscape structure and vegetation changes. Three study areas were examined that have seen their populations decrease and age over the last few decades. Five types of plant life-forms (Raunkier life-forms) were distinguished to investigate ecosystem function. Principle component analysis was used to understand vegetation dynamics and community characteristics based on a vegetation similarity index. Ordination analysis transformed species-coverage data was introduced to clarify vegetation dynamics. Landscape indices, such as area metrics, edge metrics, and shape metrics, showed that spatial heterogeneity has increased over time in all areas. Pinus densiflora was the main land-use plant type in all study areas but decreased over time, whereas Quercus spp. increased. Over a decade, P. densiflora communities shifted to deciduous oak and plantation. These findings indicate that the impact of human activities on the Maeul landscape is twofold. While forestry activities caused heavy disturbances, the abandonment of traditional human activities has led to natural succession. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the type and intensity of these human impacts on landscape heterogeneity relate differently to vegetation succession. This reflects the cause and consequence of patch dynamics. We discuss an approach for sustainable landscape planning and management of the Maeul landscape based on traditional management.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.197-207
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the ecological characteristic of native Parasenecio firmus population in Korea and China. The survey quadrates were located in the middle of the native P. firmus habitats. According to the field survey, the habitats of P. firmus were classified into same Tilia amurensis community in tree layer. The investigation of native habitat in Korea shows that P. firmus inhabited deciduous forest from with T. amurensis, Acer pictum subsp. mono, Carpinus cordata and Acer pseudosieboldianum, which was similar to vegetation structure of Mt. Laoling in China. The result of the cluster analysis which uses SYN-TAX 2000 program, dissimilarity from 53% level was on a large scale divided at 2 units. The research revealed 96 taxa in total, in which 51 families, 81 genera, 21 varieties, 5 forma, 1 sub-species and 67 species were checked in the flora of the native P. firmus habitats.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.255-262
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• 2005

In summer and early autumn, eutrophication occurs occasionally in many reservoirs. Lakeside macrophyte which is one of internal pollutants effects on water quality when it is submerged during water surface is rising after rainy season. This study include examination of pollutant load, species of plant, community structure and productivity of macrophyte in unit area at lakeside. The result of this research will be used as a guideline of water quality management on reservoir through assessing water quality effect of submerged plant. The areal distribution, composition of species and submerged area of macrophyte changes according to rainfall pattern every year, so it is difficult to calculate nutrient load annually from submerged macrophyte. In this study, the nutrient load from submerged macrophyte assess from Daecheong and Juam reservoir in 2001. TN and TP load of submerged macrophyte shows 0.043% and 0.069%, respectively, of annual discharge load on Daecheong watershed. At lake Juam, TN and TP shows 0.64% and 1.28% load, respectively. The reason that nutrient load of lake Juam is greater than that of lake Daecheong is that macrophyte distribution area of lake Juam is 5 times greater than that of lake Daecheong. Total nutrient load of lake Daecheong is 3 times greater than that of lake Juam.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2019

본 연구는 청도군 운문사 주변 문화경관림의 주요 경관과 식생구조 특성을 분석하여 식생관리 방안을 수립하고 지속적인 문화경관림으로 관리를 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행하였다. 경관 특성은 운문사에서 바라본 경관과 운문사를 바라보는 경관으로 두 가지 관점에서 8개의 경관조망점을 선정하여 분석한 결과, 운문사 입구의 수구막이 소나무림, 운문사 앞 전나무-소나무림, 사면 소나무림 등이 주요 경관이었다. 운문사 주변 현존식생 조사 결과, 소나무림과 소나무-전나무림이 79.2%로 넓게 분포하였다. 식물군집 구조는 총 30개 방형구를 조사하여 평지림, 사면림, 하반림의 3개의 지형특성과 조사구별 우점종의 평균상대우점치에 따라 7개의 군집 유형으로 분류하였으며, 군집별 식생구조 특성을 바탕으로 한 식생구조 변화 예측과 종간 상관관계를 분석하였다. 평지 소나무군집은 아교목층에 개서어나무가 우점하였고, 평지 나무-전나무 군집은 관목층에 전나무의 상대우점치가 높았다. 평지 전나무군집은 교목층에 경쟁종이 없었고, 사면의 소나무 대경목군집과 소경목군집은 아교목층에 잔털벚나무, 굴참나무가 우점하였으며, 사면 관리된 소나무군집은 관목층에도 소나무 우점도가 높았다. 소나무 하반림군집은 아교목층에 때죽나무, 잔털벚나무가 우점하였다. 전체적으로 개서어나무, 굴참나무, 졸참나무 등 교목성상의 낙엽활엽수가 아교목층에 우점하고 있어 식생구조 변화가 예측되었다. 샤논의 종다양도지수는 0.2360~1.4088이었으며, 상관관계 분석결과, 소나무와 부의 상관관계에 있는 수종은 고로쇠나무, 개암나무, 느티나무, 비목나무이었고, 전나무는 때죽나무, 소나무와 부의 상관관계를 보였다. 경관특성과 식물군집 구조를 분석하여 소나무 및 전나무림의 지속가능한 경관유지 및 복원을 위한 관리방안을 제안하였다.