• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.52-62
• /
• 2008

By analyzing specific plant distributions and physicochemical characteristics of topsoil in a reclaimed dredging area, baseline data was found of natural landscape planting sites, and developing dredged fill ground. The reclaimed dredging area is five different stands (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) which were examined in this research. They are located from sea level to 15 meters in altitude and exhibited typical characteristics of the salt marsh in Gwangyang Bay. Species with high constancy in the vegetation on the reclaimed soil were classified into four stages. A total of 12, 15, 22, 27 and 35 different plant species were found and also increased in stands 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. Moving from stand 1 to 5, halophytes decreased and non-halophytes increased. Desalination at each stage of the reclaimed dredging area was a driving force affecting the performance and distribution of halophytes and non-halophytes. Overall, 35 quadrats of soil were selected and analyzed for specific physicochemical characteristics of topsoil between O${\sim}$20cm. Results of the physicochemical analysis such as altitude, slope, vegetation and kind of reclaimed dredging soil, exhibited irregular increases or decreases. As survey areas moved from stand 1 to 4, desalination areas, soil acidity, electric conductions, content of salinity, available phosphorus, potassium, chlorine, calcium, and magnesium indicated decreasing patterns; however, total nitrogen, silt, and clay content increased. Cluster analysis and PCA by environmental data within the stands clearly showed five distinct vegetation patterns on the tested reclaimed area. These results indicate that the differences of performance and distribution of vegetation are due to the SAR in the reclaimed soil and related to the natural survival strategy at the given hostile habitat.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.117-131
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to draw vegetation landscape elements in the ancient literature, investigate plant community structure, understand vegetation structure, and suggest reasonal conservation management methods. As a result of analyzing ancient literature, geomorphological landscapes in Guryong valley were canyon landscape and valley surrounded in Mt. Chiak. Plant landscape factors were as followed. Rhododendron spp. spread around valley. Also, Pinus densiflora communities were distributed in Guryong valley around. Especially, the entrance zones of Guryong valley were described as covered with Pinus densiflora and Whangchangkumpyo(黃腸禁標). Therefore, it was estimated that entry of Guryong valley was covered with Pinus densiflora community landscape. As for current vegetation result, the main vegetation was divided into mixed deciduous broad-leaved trees community and Pinus densiflora community. As a result of analysis by TWINSPAN for community classification, five communities(Deciduous broadleaved trees, Pinus densiflora, Pinus densiflora-Abies holophylla, Abies holophylla, and Pinus koraiensis community) were classified. To maintain historic plant landscape and conserve crucial resources, Pinus densiflora community was classified as concentrated conservation management area($105,472m^2$). To maintain Pinus densiflora landscape which has high historical and cultural value of Guryong valley, it was considered that active density control of lower layer vegetation would be necessary. Accordingly, to conserve P. densiflora landscape, Whangchangkumpyo(?腸禁標), that area was separated into Pinus densiflora lower layer forest management area($84,029m^2$) and Pinus densiflora seedling conservation management area($21,443m^2$). In understory of Pinus densiflora lower layer flora, the target tree species for elimination and management were Quercus serrata and Quercus mongolica. They were $4{\sim}6trees/100m^2$ and their average diameter was 7.1cm. To preserve Pinus densiflora seedlings, areas with Sasa borealis, the ground vegetation of Pinus densiflora community, rate of 80% or more should be selected as priority management areas and concentrated elimination and management of Sasa borealis should be implemented. Likewise, traditional Pinus densiflora forest is a historically cultural heritage to preserve with sustainable interest and survey. Efficient management method through systematic monitoring system should be made.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.34-42
• /
• 2009

This study was executed to introduce a greenhouse style "Evergreen Park" to apartment complexes to target hands-on resident participation and application rather than a mere viewing of the plants as a way to provide convenient and profitable service to residents in a year-round center of usable outside space. The four key points can be summarized as follows: first, subtropical plants are evergreen broad-leaved trees, which maintain their green during all four seasons the leaves are thick and glossy. Greenhouses geared toward these subtropical trees-mainly broad-leaved evergreen species-are in planning to introduce these unique, elegant plants to temperate regions. Residentswill not only gain an education regarding these species but will be provided with the best quality evergreens at very reasonable maintenance costs. Second, subtropical plants greenhouses introduced in apartment complexes are suggested for structures connected via underground passage as well as free-standing structures so as to make use of geothermal heating and apply to reducing sunlighting. Third, as a way to provide (1) health & relaxation(evergreens, herb garden, water space), (2) community & education (plant flea market/plant hospital, plant-related lecture(exhibition), hands-on experience program), (3) a vine garden for year-round use such festivities as a Butterfly Festival, Aroma festival, Smile Oak Nuts, Candlelight Festival and Christmas Photo Site. Lastly, it has been suggested that the operation and maintenance of these greenhouses will be both by resident council operation management and by outsourcing company operation management.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.68-75
• /
• 2017

Demand for dwarf mondo grass (DMG; Ophiopogon japonicus 'Nanus') as an ornamental garden plant is expected to grow in the future. The purpose of this study was to investigate the levels of shade tolerance and ground cover by growing DMG under a variety of shade conditions for 18 months (May 2015~October 2016). DMG plants grown in bare ground for 3 years in Jangheung-gun, Jeonnam were used for testing. In an experimental site created in Naju city in Jeonnam, the DMG was planted in planters ($70cm{\times}70cm{\times}24cm$) and covered with a shading curtain to block natural light. Shaded conditions were then arranged under different levels of shade (0%, 55% and 75%). When the plants were grown, growth (leaf size, the number of leaves, fresh weight and dry weight) and ground coverage of DMG were analyzed. According to the results, DMG growth in terms of leaf size and the number of leaves was statistically higher under zero shade (full sunlight), when compared to other shaded conditions. DMG's fresh and dry weights were significantly greater under 0% and 55% shade, compared to those under 75% shade. The degrees of shade tolerance required for normal growth of DMG were found in the range of 0~50%, meaning that more than 50% shade may decrease plant growth. There were no statistical differences in ground coverage rates of DMG under different levels of shade. When 220 tillers were planted per $1m^2$ of plot, up to 80% of the area was covered by DMG after 18 months. Since DMG requires nutrient-rich soil to grow, sufficient nitrogen fertilizers are proposed to accelerate the ground cover of DMG. As DMG remained alive over the winter in the experiments, this study also suggests that DMG can be planted in the southern temperate region.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.191-197
• /
• 2019

As the shipbuilding and offshore plant industries grow larger and more complex, their maintenance and inspection systems become more important. Recently, maintenance and inspection systems based on augmented reality have been attracting much attention for improving worker's understanding of work and efficiency, but it is often difficult to work with because accurate matching between the augmented model and reality information is not. To solve this problem, marker based AR technology is used to attach a specific image to the model. However, the markers get damaged due to the characteristic of the shipbuilding and offshore plant industry, and the camera needs to be able to detect the entire marker clearly, and thus requires sufficient space to exist between the operator. In order to overcome the limitations of the existing AR system, in this study, a markerless AR was adopted to accurately recognize the actual model of the pipe system that occupies the most processes in the shipbuilding and offshore plant industries. The matching methodology. Through this system, it is expected that the twist phenomenon of the augmented model according to the attitude of the real worker and the limited environment can be improved.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.284-288
• /
• 2013

This study aimed to get the basic data on the breeding of good varieties in Hypericum patulum Thunberg. The optimum materials, concentration and soaking time were examined to identify the effective approach to induce tetraploid plant by colchicine treatment to cultivate the varieties. For the seed germination rate of seed by colchicine treatment, the higher colchicine concentration was and the longer soaking time was, the more the germination rate decreased. While individuals were germinated in 16 test groups except control group (no treatment group), all the plants were diploid and no tetraploid was induced. For the plant regeneration rate by colchicine treatment on the explant of Hypericum patulum Thunberg that was under in vitro culture, the higher the colchicine concentration increased, the ress the regeneration rate. While total 147 individuals were regenerated in all treatment, when the explant was soaking treatment in more than 0.05% for over 6 hours, tetraploid could be obtained. In the soaking treatment of 0.05% for over 6 hours, tetraploid could be obtained. In particular, for the soaking treatment in 0.05% for 12 hours, 8 tetraploids were induced, which was about 47.1% of the number of plant regenerated. In accordance with the observation on doubling of DNA contents in leaf in order to identify polyploidy, the peak DNA content of G1 phase was 94.5 for diploid and 192.5 for tetraploid. It confirmed doubling of DNA content. Furthermore, the number of chloroplasts per guard cell depending on polyploid was around 10 in diploid and 17 to 19 in tetraploid, which were around 1.7 to 1.9 times as much as diploid.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.113-124
• /
• 2007

The vascular plants of the studied area in Keum River lower stream were listed 238 taxa: 74 families, 179 genera, 211 species, 24 varieties and 3 forms. In this, Woody plant were 60 taxa (25.2%), Herb plants were 178 taxa (74.8%) of all 238 taxa vascular plants. Pteridophyta were 4 families, 4 genera, 4 taxa, Gymnospermae were 2 families, 2 genera, 3 taxa and Angiospermae were 68 families, 173 genera, 231 taxa. Based on the list of Korean endemic plant, 2 taxa were recorded; Populus tomentiglandulosa, Forsythia koreana. Specific plant species by floral region were total 7 taxa; Salix siuzevii in class III, 6 taxa (Ainus hirsute, Quercus variabilis, Mallotus japonicus, Plantago camtschatica, Actinostemma lobatum, Sagittaria aginashi) in class I. The naturalized plants in this site were 14 families, 35 genera, 40 species, 2 varieties, 42 taxa and naturalization rate was 17.6% of all 238 taxa vascular plants. Wild plants disturbing ecosystem like Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. etatior have been increasing. So, it needs continuing control and conservation measures on the plant ecosystem.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.52 no.2
• /
• pp.51-63
• /
• 2024

While the government policy to fully adopt BIM in the construction sector is being implemented, the construction and utilization of landscape BIM models are facing challenges due to problems such as limitations in BIM authoring tools, difficulties in modeling natural materials, and a shortage in BIM content including libraries. In particular, plants, fundamental design elements in the field of landscape architecture, must be included in BIM models, yet they are often omitted during the modeling process, or necessary information is not included, which further compromises the quality of the BIM data. This study aimed to contribute to the construction and utilization of landscape BIM models by developing a plant library that complies with BIM standards and is applicable to the landscape industry. The plant library of trees and shrubs was developed in Revit by modeling 3D shapes and collecting attribute items. The geometric information is simplified to express the unique characteristics of each plant species at LOD200, LOD300, and LOD350 levels. The attribute information includes properties on plant species identification, such as species name, specifications, and quantity estimation, as well as ecological attributes and environmental performance information, totaling 24 items. The names of the files were given so that the hierarchy of an object in the landscape field could be revealed and the object name could classify the plant itself. Its usability was examined by building a landscape BIM model of an apartment complex. The result showed that the plant library facilitated the construction process of the landscape BIM model. It was also confirmed that the library was properly operated in the basic utilization of the BIM model, such as 2D documentation, quantity takeoff, and design review. However, the library lacked ground cover, and had limitations in those variables such as the environmental performance of plants because various databases for some materials have not yet been established. Further efforts are needed to develop BIM modeling tools, techniques, and various databases for natural materials. Moreover, entities and systems responsible for creating, managing, distributing, and disseminating BIM libraries must be established.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.18 no.3 s.39
• /
• pp.23-37
• /
• 1990

The purpose of this study was to suggest, an ameliorated, 'standard of estimated unit manpower & material' in the Landscape Planting Work. To achieve this goal of this study, following process was performed to reach more advanced results. First, relevant domestic & foreign references were gathered & analyzed with a viewpoint of the system & contents within, Second, most similar foreign country‘s relevant 10 forms & actual site were surveyed, Third, actual site data were collected from the 17 selected landscape Planting sites Fourth, the collected data from reference study & actual site survey were analyzed and calculated. And Finally, analyzed data were reorganized & rearranged in good order with 3 principles to produce more ameliorated 'Standard of estimated unit manpower & material' in the landscape Planting Work. The suggested main results of this study include, 1. Reorganization of current system to transplanting(includes excavation & root ball wrapping), planting(includes tree & shrub), turfing & maintenance 2. Deletion of the Range of 'account of labor' & simultaneous distribution of 'account of labor' with a proposed regular ratio 3. Adjustment of the range of the plant's size 4. Amelioration of the level of 'Account of labor' 5. New establishment in maintenance items as Watering, Fertilizing & spraying chemicals on turf area. 6. Readjustment & new establishment of the backfill volume. 7. Actualization, readjustment & new establishment of the transportation amount.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.84-91
• /
• 2001

This study was carried out to develop the technology of artificial floating island for the wild-life habitat at the reservoir of Korea University farm near Seoul. After the execution of an artificial floating island with 6 cells(each $3{\times}3m$), each cell was planted with 5 different species and one mixed of them, to the reservoir in 1999 through 2000. The monitored results were as follows; 1. Typha orientalis, Zizania latifolia and Oenanthe japonica were died back, but Phragmites communis, Phragmites japonica and Juncus effusus var. decipiens were well growing. 2. The limits of sinking water depth of the planting foundation were different with the plant species, that is, 40cm to the Juncus effusus var. dicipiens and 50cm to Phragmites communis. Accordingly the water depth should be kept differently with each species. 3. 33 species of fauna were monitored in the first year(1999) and 43 species in the second (2000) increasingly. 4. For the more wild-lives inducing to the artificial floating island, establishing the eco-corridor from the surrounding environment was needed.